Tutorial 3

Pharmacognosy 1

WS 2017
 Preparation of
crude drugs

cultivation collection preparation drying packing storage

 I.cultivation

land Tissue culture :

In Lab using
Totipotent cells.

Wild Cultivated
 Advantages Disadvantages
Wild *Cheap *Sparse distribution
*Proper quantity and quality of *Difficulty in reaching and
active constituents transportation
*Genuine *Ruthless collection
Cultivated *Concentrated in a limited area. *Expensive
*Controlled specifications of the *Large scale is needed
plants.
*Sustainable development.
*Ease of transport when
cultivation is done near the
pharmaceutical company
*All operations are done by
trained and
qualified workers
 II.Collection

Time of the year Time of the Day Stage of maturity

1.Rhubarb 1.Digitalis 1.Clove
(spring & early summer) (afternoon)
2.Santonica flower
2.Colchicum corm 2.Solanaceous
(spring & early summer) (early morning)
3.Solanaceous leaves
3.Hyoscyamus muticus
(summer> winter) 3.Salix
(morning)
III. Preparation before drying :
1.Garbling :

2. Cleaning, washing, peeling (decortication)

. E.g. : Cinnamon.

3.Bleaching :
E.g. : Coating ginger with CaCO3.

4.Curing through enzymatic action:

E.g. -Tea Leaves

-Vanilla pods
 IV) Drying

Natural Artificial

Sun Shade
drying drying
Physical Chemical

Heat Freezing Radiation

a)Natural drying :
1.Sun drying.

2.Shade drying
b)Artificial drying :

1)Physical artificial Drying

a) Heat

1.Drying sheds or chambers.

2.Drying oven.
 3.Vacuum oven.

4.Tunnel dryer.

5.Pneumatic high speed drying.

b) Freeze drying

Lyophilization

2) Chemical drying :

using dessicators
V.Packing :
Good packing for a successful storage .

VI. Storage :
Factors affecting storage:
A) Physicochemical Properties
1.Pressure
2.Tempeature
3.Humidity.
4.Sunlight.

B) Biological properties
1.Fungi
2.Bacteria
3.insects