2

Section A For
Examiner’s
Answer all the questions in this section. Answer in the spaces provided. Use

1 Fig. 1.1 shows forces acting on a parachutist during a free-fall. His mass is 65 kilograms.

Air resistance
800 N
Vertical

60o
Wind push
150 N

Fig. 1.1
(a) Draw a scale diagram of the forces acting on the parachutist in the space below. You
should take into account all forces involved in a free-fall. Determine the magnitude of the
resultant force and its direction.

Scale: ………………………
Magnitude: ………………………
Direction: ………………………
[5]
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For
(b) The parachutist decelerates greatly as soon as he opens his parachute. Explain, in terms Examiner’s
of forces, why is this so. Use

……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

(c) The potential energy he initially gained when he was on the plane was not exactly half the
kinetic energy he gained when he was exactly half way proceeding with the free fall.
Explain why is this so.
…….....….………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
[Total: 8]

2 An empty box in Fig. 2.1 has its centre of gravity, G, exactly at its inner central part.
50 cm
10 cm

25 cm
G

Fig. 2.1
(a) Explain what is the meaning of centre of gravity.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]

(b) The box is fully filled with a liquid.

(i) On the diagram, mark with a letter C, the new centre of gravity after the liquid was
poured in. [1]

(ii) Given the liquid has a mass of 168.75 kg, find the density of the liquid.

Density = …………………[2]
[Total: 4]
3 A beam of red light passes through a glass block, as shown in Fig. 3.1

air
glass

Fig. 3.1
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For
Examiner’s
(a) (i) On Fig. 3.1, mark, with a letter c, the critical angle. Use
[1]

(ii) The refracted ray into the glass is at 25o. Find the incident angle from which the light
came from the air medium given the refractive index of the glass is 1.33.

incident angle = ………………… [2]

(b) A white light is instead shone from the same incident angle. Illustrate this effect in Fig. 3.1
by drawing lines to indicate the path of the light. Name one colour of the beam, other than
white and red. [2]
[Total: 5]

4 A loudspeaker is placed in front of a closed classroom.

loudspeaker

teacher

xm
Fig. 4.1
(a) The loudspeaker sounded an alarm. The teacher was directly under the loudspeaker. She
heard the alarm for 10.2 seconds. The alarm, in fact, lasted 10 seconds only.
(i) Explain why the teacher thought that the alarm sounded longer than usual.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]

(ii) The speed of sound in air is 330 m/s. Calculate the distance x.

x = ……………… [2]

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For
(b) The loudspeaker works by using the mechanism shown on Fig. 4.2. Examiner’s
Use

magnet
S
cone

S
turns on coil

Fig. 4.2

Use Fig. 4.2 to help you explain how the loudspeaker sounds the alarm.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….……
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
[Total: 5]

5 A car battery must provide a direct current output. However, it can be charged by using an
alternating current supply. This is shown in Fig. 5.1.
X

car
240 V, a.c. battery

Fig. 5.1

(a) Name component X and explain its function in this circuit.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]

(b) The average charging current is 2A and it takes 12 hours for the battery to be fully charged.
Calculate the charge that the battery stores when it is fully charged.

charge stored = ………………….. [2]

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(c) The fully-charged battery has an electromotive force (e.m.f.) of 12.0 V. This voltage is For
Examiner’s
supplied to components connected to the battery in the circuit shown in Fig. 5.2. Use

M
6.0V
2.0Ω

Fig. 5.2

(i) Complete Fig. 5.2 to show how two 3.0V lamps should be arranged so that both lamps
glow with normal brightness. [1]

(ii) The power of each lamp is 4.0W. Calculate the current supplied in the circuit.

current = ……………………. [2]

[Total: 7]

6 A student uses the apparatus shown in Fig. 6.1 to find the specific latent heat of ice.

60 W heater power supply

ice, at melting point

stopwatch beaker

electronic balance

Fig. 6.1

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(a) Assuming the ice was initially solid at 0 oC, describe how the student would carry out the For
Examiner’s
experiment. Include the readings and word equations that you use. Use

……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….……
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [4]

(b) The student decides to melt 120 g of ice at 0 oC. The specific latent heat of ice is 340 J/g.
Assuming that all the energy from the heater is used, calculate the time for which the 60 W
heater should be switched on.

time = ………………… [2]

[Total: 6]

7 (a) Two uncharged non-conducting spheres, made of different materials, are rubbed against
each other. After rubbing, the spheres possess opposite charges.
Explain, in terms of electrons movement, why the two spheres have opposite charges.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(b) The charged spheres were then separated as shown on Fig. 7.1.

–– + +
– – – + + +
– – + +

Fig. 7.1
On Fig. 7.1, draw the electric field between the spheres. Indicate, by arrows, the direction
of the field lines. [2]

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(c) A conducting wire is attached to the negatively-charged sphere to the ground. This allows For
Examiner’s
2.0 ×1010 electrons, each carrying 1.6 ×10–19 C charge, to flow to earth in 1.0 ×10–3 s. Use

Calculate

(i) the total charge that flows,

charge = ……………….…… [1]

(ii) the current that flows.

current = ……………….…… [2]

[Total: 6]

8 A television set receives radio signals from a tower transmitter. The television set decodes the
signal and produces image on its screen using a cathode-ray oscilloscope in the set. The picture
consists of many tiny dots of coloured light.

(a) Radio waves and light are electromagnetic waves.

Name one other type of electromagnetic wave and state a function for this radiation.
electromagnetic wave ……………………………………………………………………….……….
use …………………………………………………………………………………………….…… [2]

(b) The screen of a television set is usually found coated with dust which has been attracted to
the screen. Suggest why the dust has been attracted.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
[Total: 4]

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For
Section B Examiner’s
Use
Answer two questions from this section.

9 Fig. 9.1 shows a car with a dummy driver before and after a collision test.

just before impact just after impact

V = 45 m/s V = 0 m/s

Fig. 9.1

(a) The body of the dummy is thrown upon impact due to its inertia. Define inertia.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…… [1]

(b) The mass of the dummy is 90 kg. The impact time to reduce the dummy’s speed from 45
m/s to zero is 1.2 s.
(i) Calculate the deceleration of the dummy just after the impact.

distance = …………………… [2]

(ii) Calculate the average force on the dummy during impact.

force = …………………… [2]

(iii) State the main energy change during the collision.

………………………………………………...………………………………………………… [1]

(iv) Calculate how much of the dummy’s energy is changed during the collision.

energy = …………………… [3]

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For
(c) To reduce the effect of impact of the dummy and the dashboard, an air-bag is now fitted, as Examiner’s
shown in Fig. 9.2. Use

air-bag

dashboard

Fig. 9.2

(i) The air-bag is inflated by a gas. Explain how the gas inflates the air-bag.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]

(ii) The pressure exerted by the dummy is greatly reduced by the air-bag. State one way
how this pressure is reduced.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]

(d) Sodium azide powder in a small tank connected to the air-bag rapidly produces a large
amount of gas upon activated by impact. The gas produced in the reaction builds up in the
tank and then is released into the air-bag. The volume of this tank is 500 cm3 while the
volume of an inflated air-bag is 35 000 cm3.
(i) In an impact test, 1.4 × 107 Pa gas pressure was recorded in the tank. Calculate the
pressure in the air-bag assuming the temperature is constant.

pressure = ………………… [2]

(ii) The pressure inside the cylinder decreases as the air-bag inflates. Using ideas about
molecules, explain why the pressure decreases.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….…… [2]
[Total: 15]

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For
10 A power station transmits electricity as illustrated in Fig. 10.1 Examiner’s
Use
voltage here
= voltage here voltage here
= =

power station X grid system Y Z homes

transformer transformer transformer
Fig. 10.1

(a) At different points in this transmission system, the voltage is 220 V, 11 000 V or 132 000 V.
At the three places marked on Fig. 10.1, write in the possible value of the voltage. [3]

(b) State one advantage of using high voltages for the transmission of electricity.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…… [1]

(c) Fig. 10.2 shows a simplified system in one transformer shown in the system in Fig. 10.1.
X

input output

Y
Fig. 10.2

(i) Choose one letter of the transformers in Fig. 10.1 which is represented in Fig. 10.2.
.…………………………………………………………………………………………….…… [1]

(ii) Explain how this transformer changes the input voltage.

.…………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
.…………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
.…………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
.…………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
.…………………………………………………………………………………………….…… [4]

(iii) The core of this transformer was split along XX and YY. Explain why the transformer
would not work when the two halves were separated by about 45 cm.
.…………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
.…………………………………………………………………………………………….…… [1]

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For
(d) Several sensors are installed in generators of the power station. These sensors are crucial Examiner’s
to alert workers of overheating of internal parts of the generator. One of these sensors is Use
the fire sensor.

(i) State why the generator’s internal parts creates a lot of heat.
.………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(ii) Part of the circuit diagram of the fire sensor is shown in Fig. 10.3. A smoke detector and
two thermistors play important roles in the circuit.

When temperature is too high in the turbine, the input voltage of the thermistor is low.

When smoke forms, the input voltage of the smoke detector is high.

When one thermistor indicates temperature is too high, only an LED illuminates. This
puts workers into alert.

When both thermistors indicate high temperature, LED illuminates and an alarm sounds.
Workers must be extremely cautious and try to reduce heat.

When smoke is detected by detected, in presence of high heat indicated by both

thermistors, the fire extinguisher is initiated, while alarm and LED still working.

Complete Fig. 10.3 by installing NOT, NOR and AND gates so that the scenarios above
can be anticipated. [4]

thermistor 1 LED

thermistor 2 alarm

smoke fire
detector extinguisher

Fig. 10.3
[Total: 15]

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88Ra nucleus leads to the emission of one α-particle and leaves

For
11 (a) The decay of radium 226 Examiner’s
behind a radon (Rn) nucleus. Use
In the space below, write an equation to show this decay. [2]

(b) A scientist conducts an experiment to deduce the range of α-particles, using the apparatus
in Fig. 11.1.
α-particle source detector

ruler
Fig. 11.1

The results of the experiment are shown below.

count rate / (counts/minute) 681 562 441 382 317 20 19 21 19

distance from source to detector/cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

(i) State what creates the count rate 9 cm from the source.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….…… [1]
(ii) Estimate the count rate, due to the source, at a distance of 2 cm.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….…… [1]
(iii) Suggest the maximum distance that α-particles can travel from the source.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….…… [1]
(iv) Justify your answer to (iii).
…………………………………………………………………………………………….…… [1]
(v) Suggest how the experiment may be modified to find the penetrating power of α-particle.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….…… [1]

(c) The decay curve of radium 226

88 Ra is shown on Fig. 11.2.

100
% activity
75

50

25

0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
time/years
Fig. 11.2

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(i) Use the graph on Fig. 11.2 to find the half-life of radium. For
Examiner’s
Use
half-life = .......................... [1]

(ii) Complete Fig. 11.2 as far as time = 8000 years, by working out the values of a number
of points and plotting them. Show your working. [2]

(iii) The decay product, Rn, is not radioactive. Explain why the sample of the radioactive
isotope is safer after 8000 years than after 1 year. Support your answer to Fig. 11.2.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….…… [1]

(d) Radium-226 and Radium-230 are isotopes. Explain what is meant by isotopes.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..….
…...…………………………………………………………………………………………….….. [1]

(e) The scientist has two other radioactive nuclei, one to be chosen to coat an underground
pipe just below a pavement. A detector is to be used on the pavement to detect any leak on
the pipe. The information of these nuclei is shown on Fig. 11.3.
Nucleus Radiation Half-Life
Cobalt-60  – rays 5 years
OTHER NUCLEI
Caesium-137 β – particle 30 years
CURRENT NUCLEUS Radium-226 α – particle x years
Fig. 11.3

(i) State which radioactive nucleus is best to coat the pipe.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….…… [1]

(ii) State two advantages of using the nucleus you have chosen in (i).
…………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….…… [2]
[Total: 15]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included,
the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

University of Cambridge International Mock Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of
University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge

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MARK SCHEME FOR MOCK EXAMINATIONS

1 (a) Suitable scale M1
Magnitude 200 N – 250 N A1
Correct bearing A1
Correct direction of resultant and forces M2

(b) More surface area for wind/air resistance B1

Wind/air resistance > Weight/gravity B1

(c) Energy lost to overcome air resistance B1

2 (a) Force of gravity seem to act on object B1

(b)(i) Anywhere below point G and not to right or left by sight A1

M
(ii) D= or in numbers C1
V
13 500 kg m–3 or 13.5 g cm–3 A1
3 (a)(i) Correct angle chosen C1
sin i
(ii) n= C1
sin r
34o or 34.2o A1

(b) Light bends and diverges more than red light in glass A1
Name any one light from spectrum C1
4 (a)(i) Idea about reverberation A1
2D
(ii) S= C1
T
33 m A1

(b) Produce a.c. / cut flux B1

Cone vibrates B1
5 (a)(i) Diode A1
Allows one way current / Changes to d.c. C1

(ii) Q = It C1
86 400 C A1

(b)(i) Arrangement in series C1

(ii) P = IV (for lamps) and V = IR (for resistor) C1

5.67 A A1
6 (a) turn on heater and wait until water starts dripping in beaker B1
empty beaker & replace, start watch B1
stop watch & remove beaker at same time B1
record time B1
find and record mass of water in beaker B1 (max 4)

(b) 60 x t = 120 x 340 C1

680 s A1
7 (a) Electrons move from one ball to another R protons; positive electrons B1

(b) Straight line in the middle and curved at upper and lower parts C1
Arrow from +ve to –ve C1

(c)(i) 3.2 ×10–9 e– A1

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(ii) Q = It C1
3.2 ×10–6 A A1
8 (a) Any radiation and one suitable use C2

(b) Ideas about static electricity C1

Attraction of opposite charges B1
9 (a) Resists change in dummy’s state of motion A1
v–u
(b)(i) a= C1
t
37.5 m s–2 A1

(ii) F = ma C1
3 380 N (or 3 375 N) A1

(iii) Kinetic to heat (+ sound) B1

(iv) k.e. = 0.5 × m × v × v C1

k.e. = 0.5 × 90 × 45 × 45 C1
91 kJ or 91 100 J or 91 125 J A1

(c)(i) Molecules hit walls of air-bag B1

(ii) Force is distributed over large area B1

(d)(i) P1V1 = P2V2 C1

2.0 ×105 Pa A1

(ii) Air molecules leaves tank B1

Less hitting of walls B1
10 (a) from left to right is descending; one mark penalty for one wrong box B3

(b) less power loss / current reduced / more efficient B1

(c)(i) X B1

(ii) a.c. causes changing current through coil B1

changing magnetic field formed in coil B1 [M2]
transfer magnetic field to secondary coil through core B1
magnetic field cut (in secondary coil) B1
e.m.f. induced B1 (any 2)

(iii) too far – no transfer of magnetic field B1

(d)(i) Friction between moving parts B1

(ii) Three gates asked shown M3

(AND and NOT only used is possible combination but give M2)
Correct connection M1
11 (a) Nucleon = 222; Proton = 86 B1
Helium atom B1

(b)(i) Background radiation B1

(ii) 20 A1

(iii) 5 cm B1
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(iv) Only background radiation affects reading beyond that B1

(v) Use sheets of aluminium of different thickness B1

(c)(i) 1 600 years A1

(ii) Correct half-life curve A1

Appropriate working shown (e.g. table, etc) C1

(iii) Radioactive nuclei is not present / very little at t = 8000 years B1

(d) Same proton, different nucleon B1

(e)(i) Cobalt-60 A1

(ii) Radiation penetrates through ground B1

Safer if nuclei decay fast / less exposure B1

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