Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
(1) Introduction
(2) Chemical Treatment
(3) Activated Sludge
(4) Origins of sewage
(5) Process overview
(6) Pretreatment
(7) Disease Potential
(8) Treatment of sludge in sewage water and
its disposal
(9) Sewage treatment in developing countries
(10)Aim of the project
(11)Experiment _ 1
(12)Procedure
(13)Experiment _ 2
(14)Procedure
(15)Observation
(16)Result
(17)Conclusion
(18)Bibliography
Dialysis of sewage water is the process of
removing contaminants from wastewater and
household sewage, both runoff (effluents), domestic,
commercial and institutional. It includes physical,
chemical, and biological processes to remove physical,
chemical and biological contaminants. Its objective is to
produce an environmentally safe fluid waste stream (or
treated effluent) and a solid waste (or treated sludge)
suitable for disposal or reuse (usually as farm fertilizer).
Using advanced technology it is now possible to re-use
sewage effluent for drinking water, although Singapore is
the only country to implement such technology on a
production scale in its production of NEWater.
Sewage is generated by residential, institutional, commercial
and industrial establishments. It includes household
waste liquid fromtoilets, baths, showers, kitchens, sinks and
so forth that is disposed of via sewers. In many areas, sewage
also includes liquid waste from industry and commerce. The
separation and draining of household waste
into greywater and blackwater is becoming more common in
the developed world, with greywater being permitted to be
used for watering plants or recycled for flushing toilets.
Sewage may include stormwater runoff. Sewerage systems
capable of handling storm water are known as combined
sewer systems. This design was common when urban sewerage
systems were first developed, in the late 19th and early 20th
centuries. Combined sewers require much larger and more
expensive treatment facilities than sanitary sewers. Heavy
volumes of storm runoff may overwhelm the sewage
treatment system, causing a spill or overflow. Sanitary sewers
are typically much smaller than combined sewers, and they
are not designed to transport stormwater. Backups of raw
sewage can occur if excessive infiltration/inflow (dilution by
stormwater and/or groundwater) is allowed into a sanitary
sewer system. Communities that have urbanized in the mid‐
Few reliable figures exist on the share of the wastewater collected
in sewers that is being treated in the world. In many developing
countries the bulk of domestic and industrial wastewater is
discharged without any treatment or after primary treatment only.
In Latin America about 15 percent of collected wastewater passes
through treatment plants (with varying levels of actual treatment).
In Venezuela, a below average country in South America with
respect to wastewater treatment, 97 percent of the
country’s sewage is discharged raw into the environment. In a
relatively developed Middle Eastern country such as Iran, the
majority of Tehran's population has totally untreated sewage
injected to the city’s groundwater. However, the construction of
major parts of the sewage system, collection and treatment, in
Tehran is almost complete, and under development, due to be
fully completed by the end of 2012. In Isfahan, Iran's third largest
city, sewage treatment was started more than 100 years ago.
In Israel, about 50 percent of agricultural water usage (total use
was 1 billion cubic metres in 2008) is provided through reclaimed
sewer water. Future plans call for increased use of treated sewer
water as well as more desalination plants.
(!) COLLECT 3-4 DIFFERENT SAMPLES OF SEWAGE WATER
FROM DIFFERENT PLACES.