TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.0 THEORY & THE BACKGROUND OF THE EXPERIMENT .. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 1: Temperature distribution for variable hot water flow rates .. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 2: Counter-flow and parallel flow of heat exchanger ............... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.0 EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.0 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.0 RESULTS ......................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 1: Data of counter flow. ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 2 : Data of parallel flow. ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 3: Data of efficiency of counter flow. ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4: Data of efficiency of parallel flow. ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5: Data analysis of counter flow. ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 6: Data analysis of parallel flow. ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Graph 1 : Efficiency vs Flowrate (counter) ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Graph 2 : Efficiency vs Flowrate (Parallel........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.0 DISCUSSION ................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.0 CONCLUSION ................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
8.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
9.0 APPENDIX ....................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.0 INTRODUCTION

In this experiment we will study about welding type and joining that have been used in
industry. For the analysis of this welding experiment we will need to find the important of
hazard, defect and the effect on every welding type on the specimen. For this experiment there
will be one type of welding methods such as Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) that need to be
carried out. This GMAW methods should be considered as one of the main methods of useful
joining as very efficiently and this mechanism is found very commonly in everyday life.

2.0 THEORY & THE BACKGROUND OF THE EXPERIMENT

Welding is a fabrication or sculptural process that joins materials, usually metals or

thermoplastics, by using high heat to melt the parts together and allowing them to cool causing
fusion. Welding is distinct from lower temperature metal-joining techniques such as brazing
and soldering, which do not melt the base metal.

In addition to melting the base metal, a filling material is typically added to the joint to form a
set of molten material (the welding assembly) that is cooled to form a joint which, according
to the welding configuration (stop, full penetration) , thread, etc.)., may be stronger than the
base material (main metal). Pressure can also be used together with heat, or alone, to produce
a weld. Welding also requires a shield to protect filler metals or molten metals from
contamination or rust.

MIG (metal inert gas) or GMAW (metal arc welding with gas) welding:

The concept of combining two pieces of metal together with a wire that is connected to an
electrode current is known as metallic inert gas (MIG) welding. In this type of welding process,
a shielded gas is used along the wire electrode, which heats the two metals to be joined. For
this method a constant voltage and constant voltage power supply is required, and this is the
most common industrial welding process. The MIG or GMAW process is suitable for casting
mild steel, stainless steel and aluminum. The gases that have been used are carbon dioxide
argon, and combination of both gases.
 Figure 1: GMAW torch

1 Torch handle
2 Molded phenolic dielectric and threaded metal nut insert
3 Shielding gas diffuser
4 Contact tip
5 Nozzle output face

Figure 2: GMAW weld area

Figure 3:Type of joining for MIG