ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 1 WöËμj 2018
K. Gayatri, Kothagudem
998
She is over the moon as she has bought
a new car
D. Durga, Bhadrachalam
Q: Sir, Once in a blue moon, To shoot the
moon, Over the moon, Cast beyond the
moon - Oæ¨Ú¨ êμõªÞœªö˺ Íô¦–õª êμLí‡, Ô
ú£Ùë]ô¢(ÄÙö˺ î¦è[ê¦ôÁ N÷JÙàŸÞœõô¢ª.
A: 1) Once in a blue moon = very rarely
(à¦ö° Íô¢ªë]ªÞ¥). eg: He visits me once
in a blue moon.
2) Shoot for the moon = To ask for the best
or the most you could (ÖÚÛJE ÷ªìÚÛª ÍêŸuÙêŸ
ví‡óŸªîμªiì ë¯EÚÁú£Ù Íè[ÞœåÙ.). eg: You could
as well shoot for the moon and ask him for
a promotion in your job as well as a rise in
your salary (ìª÷yêŸé¨o
ú£«æ¨Þ¥û¶ F
ÑëÁuÞœÙö˺ šíj ˺ë¯ÚÛ«, @êŸÙ šíÙí£±ìÚÛª
Íè[Þœ÷àŸªa).
3) Over the moon = To be very pleased /
extremely happy (à¦ö°
ú£ÙêÁù£ÙÞ¥
ÑÙè[åÙ). eg: She is over the moon as she
has bought a new car (Ú•êŸh Ú¥ô¢ª Ú•ìåÙêÁ,
Îîμª à¦ö° ú£ÙêÁù£ÙÞ¥ ÑÙC.).
4) Cast beyond the moon – this phrasal verb
has no meaning – this is not at all used.
Kantipudi Kameswara Rao
Q: Sir, what is the difference between the
following? Vacation, Holidays
A: Vacation is American, whereas Holiday is
British. Both mean almost the same
thing. Perhaps vacation is longer than
holiday. Whatever it is, the British usage
is holiday, and the American usage is
vacation.
Jagannath S
Q: Sir, what is the correct pronunciation of
WEDNESDAY? I heard that some body
even from elite group pronounce it as "
WEDNESDAY" as it is and some people
pronounce it" WENZDAY". Which one
is correct?
A: The correct pronunciation is, ‘WenzdeI’.
It is never pronounced as Wednesday.
Surya
Q: ú£ôÂ, û¶ìª îμ³ë]æ¨ ìªÙ# êμõªÞœª Oªè…óŸªÙ
Në¯uJ–E. ÏÙTxùà àŸë]÷Þœõìª Ú¥F ÷«æ°xè[ö˶ìª.
ÏÙTxùÃö˺ î¶ÞœÙÞ¥ ÷«æ°xè[æ°EÚ¨ ÔÙ à¶óŸ«L?
A: Read the English newspaper for at least
half an hour every day. Listen to English
news bulletins on the TV. Read short
story books in English – those prescribed
for elementary classes, and then pass on
to big novels. Speak in English to those
who know English. This is the best
method to improve your English conver-
sation.
Oª ví£øŒoõª í£Ùð§Lqì #ô¢ªû¦÷«...
þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡ NòÅ°ÞœÙ,
Ðû¦è[ª Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ, ô¦îμ«@ íƇöËÀt ú‡æ©,
Íû¦âËÀí£²ôÂ, ô¢ÙÞ¥·ôè…“ >ö°x.
Email your questions to:
pratibhadesk@eenadu.net
Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë 2
Q: Sir, what is meant by Metaphor and simile? Please explain in Telugu
and give some examples for them.
A: Simile and metaphor are both figures of speech. Simile is a direct
comparison between two objects, whereas Metaphor is implied
comparison. Simile ÍÙç˶ ·ôÙè[ª ÷ú£ªh÷±õ ÷ªëÅ]u ð¼LÚÛìª cö°Þ¥, ÷öËμ,e
ö°Ùæ¨ í£ë¯õêÁ êμõí£è[Ù. eg: ÍêŸè[ª óŸ³ë]ÌÄ ô¢ÙÞœÙö˺ ú‡ÙÙö° ÑÙæ°è[ª.
Metaphor ÍÙç˶ ÖÚÛ ÷ú£ªh÷±ìª ÏÙÚÁ ÷ú£ªh÷±êÁ ú£÷«ìÙÞ¥ ÑÙë]E àμí£pè[Ù.
Ñë¯: ÍêŸè[ª ú‡Ù. n ÏC Metaphor.
þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net
How to improve your English...?
1. Inundate = Flood / a large crowd of people
or a lot of things to be dealt with.
eg: a) Because of heavy rains, the whole city
VOCABULARY Writer
was inundated. - M. Suresan
b) The government office was inundated with
complaints from the public.
eg: His father is very miserly and hesitates to
2. Sedentary = Spending a lot of time, seated
spend money on his children’s education.
without moving.
H Miserly X He is very liberal in spending
eg: A clerk’s job in an office is sedentary.
money for the sake of helping others.
H Sedentary X Mobile (Moving).
5. Plush = Expensive, comfortable and high
eg: A salesman’s job is mobile as he has to quality.
travel from place to place.
eg: My friend who I met after a long time, took
3. Justification = A good reason or a good me to a plush restaurant where we had an
explanation for an action. eg: It can be said excellent dinner.
with justification that she is a great actress.
H Plush X Frugal.
H Justification X Opposition. 4. Miserly = Behaving like a miser (A miser is
one who does not spend money even on eg: My host, being poor gave me a frugal
eg: There is an opposition to his claim that he
necessities). meal.
is a great player of hockey.
Exercise
no superlative degree. (·ôÙè…æ¨û¶
Grammar & Usage superlative degree ÑÙè[ë]ª)
ð¼Laìí£±pè[ª
1) New York is the largest city in the world.
Model - 4: 2) He is one of the strongest boys in the class.
In the last lesson we have seen the
Comparative: Anita is taller than Ambika. 3) Kolkata is at least as large as Mumbai.
degrees of comparison. Some are regular and
(ÍEêŸ ÍÙGÚÛ ÚÛÙç˶ ð»è[ªÞœª) 4) Vijayawada is not the biggest city in the
the others are irregular comparisons. Now let south.
us see how we can change a sentence from one Positive: Ambika is not as / so tall as Anita.
5) Visakhapatnam is larger than Vijayawada.
degree to another. When three things are com- 6) Krishna is at least as tall as Bhagavan.
sÍÙGÚÛ ÍEêŸ ÍÙêŸ ð»è[ªÞœª Ú¥ë]ªz
pared we have all the three degrees; the posi- Model - 5: 7) He is not the greatest of writers.
tive, the comparative and the superlative. Comparative: Ambika is not taller than Anita. 8) She is more beautiful than Sita.
Positive: Anita is at least as tall as Ambika.
Model -1: 9) This box is heavier than all other boxes in
ÏO ÏÙTxùÃö˺ êŸô¢êŸ÷ª òÅ˶ë¯õìª àŸ«›í degrees of
Sitaram is the tallest boy in the class sêŸô¢ÞœAö˺ the shop.
comparison. Oæ¨E à¦ö° â°vÞœêŸhÞ¥ ÍòÅ¡uú‡Ùà¦L.
ÍÙë]J ÚÛÙç˶ úˆê¦ô¦Ù ð»è[ªÞœªz. The adjective here, 10) They know English better than some other
‘tallest’ is in the superlative degree. Let us see boys in the class.
Ïí£±pè[ª Ð ÍòÅ°uþ§Eo þ§ëÅ]ì à¶óŸªÙè….
how we can change it into the other degrees:
S. No Superlative Comparative Positive
Comparative: Sitaram is taller than any other
boy / all other boys in the class. súˆê¦ô¦Ù êŸì 1. New York is the largest New York is larger than No other city in the world
city in the world. any other city in the world. is as large as New York.
êŸô¢ÞœAö˺ Ô ÏêŸô¢ ò°õªè…ÚÛû¦o ð»è[ªÞœªz
Positive: No other boy in the class is as / so tall 2. He is one of the strongest He is stronger than most Very few boys in the class
as Sitaram. sÎ êŸô¢ÞœAö˺ ÏÙ¸Ú ÏêŸô¢ ò°õªè[« other boys in the class. is as strong as he.
boys in the class.
úˆê¦ô¦Ù ÍÙêŸ ð»è[ªÞœª Ú¥ë]ªz
3.
This is the first model. ÏC Mumbai is not larger as Kolkata is at least as large
îμ³ë]æ¨ ì÷´û¦.
as Mumbai.
Kolkata.
Model 2:
4. Vijayawada is not the Some cities in the south are Some cities in the south
Superlative: Sitaram is one of the tallest boys
in the class. súˆê¦ô¦Ù êŸì êŸô¢ÞœAö˺ ð»è[ª·Þjì biggest city in the south. bigger than Vijayawada. are at least as big as
ò°õªô¢ö˺ ÖÚÛè[ªz Vijayawada.
Comparative: Sitaram is taller than most other 5. Visakhapatnam is larger Vijayawada is not as large
boys in the class. súˆê¦ô¦Ù êŸì êŸô¢ÞœAö˺ à¦ö° than Vijayawada. as/ so large as Visakhapatnam.
÷ªÙC ò°õªô¢ ÚÛÙç˶ ð»è[ªÞœªz
Positive: Very few boys in the class are as tall 6. Bhagavan is not taller than Krishna is at least as tall
as Sitaram. sÎ êŸô¢ÞœAö˺ à¦ö° êŸÚÛª\÷÷ªÙC Krishna. as Bhagavan.
ò°õªô¢ª úˆê¦ô¦Ù ÍÙêŸ ð»è[ªÞœªz 7. He is not the greatest of He is greater than some Some writers are at least as
Model -3: writers. other writers great as he.
Superlative: Sitaram is not the tallest boy in 8. She is more beautiful than Sita is not so beautiful as
the class. súˆê¦ô¦Ù êŸì êŸô¢ÞœAö˺ ÍÙë]Jö˺ ð»è[ª·Þjì Sita. she.
î¦è[ª Ú¥ë]ªz
Comparative: Sitaram is not taller than some 9. This box is the heaviest This box is heavier than all No other box in the shop is
other boys in the class. súˆê¦ô¦Ù êŸì êŸô¢ÞœAö˺ other / any other boxes in as heavy as this box.
of all boxes in the shop.
the shop.
Ú•ÙêŸ ÷ªÙC ò°õªô¢ ÚÛÙç˶ ð»è[ª·Þjì î¦è[ª Ú¥ë]ªz
Positive: Some boys in the class are at least as
tall as Sitaram. sÚ•ÙêŸ÷ªÙC ò°õªô¢ª Î êŸô¢ÞœAö˺ 10. They know English better Some other boys in the
ÚÛFú£Ù úˆê¦ô¦Ù ÍÙêŸ ð»è[ªÞœªz than some other boys in the class do not know English
H When only two things are compared there is class. as well as they.
ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 8 VöËμj 2018
M. Ramesh Babu, Anantapuramu
Q: Sir we cannot form passive voice to
future continuous tense, future perfect
continuous tense, past perfect continuous
tense and present perfect continuous
tense. What is the reason? Could you
explain clearly?
A: The reason is that it is very difficult to do
so, eg: I have been eating it. The passive
voice for it: it has been being eaten by me
– this is very inconvenient, so this is the
reason why these four tenses do not have
passive voices.
Sunaina Nehwal, Hanmakonda
Q: Sir please translate the following into
English.
i) Îîμª NF Nììåªx NìoC
ii) Îîμª àŸ«úˆ àŸ«è[ìåªx àŸ«ú‡ÙC.
A: i) She heard as if she did not hear proper-
ly.
ii) She looked as if she did not look properly
Q: I don't think that delicate stepping into the
dead man's shoes in such haste – Sir,
please explain.
A: Your sentence is incomplete – It may
mean that stepping/ using a dead man’s
shoes in a hurry is not good.
Q: The blanket is all tattered now, just a ball
of knotted yarn – please tell the meaning.
A: The blanket is torn and is in shreds and
like a ball of threads.
Q: What is the cost of the book/ rate of the
book/ price of the book – Which one is
correct? Please explain the above under-
lined.
A: What is the cost/ price of the book –
Correct. Rate means price for one book.
Sana, Warangal
Q: Please make sure that your child present
at the school – Sir, please say if this sen-
tence is correct or not.
A: The correct sentence is: Please make sure
that your child is present at school -
Correct.
Q: Outside of a dog a book is man's best
friend inside of a dog it is too dark to read
– Please explain.
A: ‘Outside of a dog’ here means, ‘Other
than a dog’/‘besides a dog’. The first part
of the sentence means, Other than a dog,
a book is man’s best friend. ‘Inside of a
dog’ means inside of a house it may be
too dark to read.
Q: i) ò°ñªìª êŸóŸ«ô¢ªàμóÀª, ñè…Ú¨ Bú£ªÚÛªîμü °hìª
ii) î¦üŒ‰x Þœªvô¢Ùšíj îμüŒ‰hÙè[Þ¥ ë¯Jö˺ ÖÚÛ vÞ¥÷ªÙ
÷ú£ªhÙC - Please say in English.
A: Get the boy ready. I will take him to
school.
ii) As they were riding a horse, they would
encounter a village
Q: Comment – ÚÛîμªÙæÀ- is this correct?
A: ‘Comment’ is pronounced as ‘ÚÛîμªÙæÀ’.
ÍÙê¶ Ú¥ÚÛªÙè¯ Ú¥îμªÙæÀ ÍE ÚÛ«è¯ í£õªÚÛªê¦Ù.
Q: Shall I come early/ earlier, late/ later, by
one hour – please say if the above is right
or not.
A: Shall I come earlier by one hour or later
by one hour – this is correct.
Q: In the winter season – is this necessary to
write the underlined one?
A: Yes, it is necessary to use ‘the’ before sea-
sons.
Q: Chandrababu Naidu, the CM of AP/ The
CM of AP Chandrababu Naidu – please
say the correct one.
A: Mr Chandrababu Naidu, CM of AP or
The CM of AP, Mr. Chandrabau Naidu –
Either of them is correct.
Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ëÂ
Q: Sir what are the meanings of the following expressions
1) Blazing light of truth
2) Wounded justice
3) Majestic scorn
A: 1) Truth which burns like a fierce fire. sÚÛéÚÛé ÷ªÙè˶
EáÙz.
2) Justice which is not correct / unjust (Íû¦uóŸªîμªiì Bô¢ªp)
3) Making fun of somebody, seeming to admire and respect them. (à¦ö°
ÞœÙHÅô¢ÙÞ¥ ÖÚÛJE Í÷÷«EÙàŸåÙ)
The topic has become a
999
Hima, Kakinada
Q: Sir, under, through, besides, off, below,
about – îμ³ë]öËμjì prepositions î¦Ú¥uö˺x Óö°
Ñí£óμ«TÙà¦ö˺ Ñë¯ï£°ô¢éõêÁ N÷JÙàŸÞœõô¢ª.
A: 1) Under = beneath (Ú¨Ùë]). The doctor put
the thermometer under my tongue.
2) Through = from one end of a side of some-
thing top the other end. eg: They walked
through the forest gathering the leaves of
some medicinal plants.
3) Besides = Also. eg: He gave me some
money besides some books so that I may
continue my studies.
4) Off = Away from a place or position (It has
other meanings too). eg: Keep the boy at
home or he will run off.
5) Below = Under. eg: The photo was hung
under the roof.
6) About = Regarding something (ÖÚÛë¯E
ÞœªJÙ#) eg: He told me about what you had
done to him.
Q: Sir please explain the idioms with
Examples. i) A hot potato
ii) Costs an arm and a leg
iii) I could eat a horse
iv) Feel a bit under the weather
v) When pigs fly
A: i) A hot potato = A situation about which
there are disputes. eg: The topic has
become a hot potato between the two.
VOCABULARY
1. Nauseate = Cause someone to vomit.
sî¦ÙAE ÚÛLTÙà¶z
eg: The sight of the dirty road nauseated me.
(nausea = ÚÛè[ªí£± Aí£påÙ)
H Nauseate X Attract.
eg: The sight of the scenery attracted me a
lot.
2. Studious = Spending a lot of time on
study. sà¦ö° vøŒë]ÌÄêÁ àŸë]÷è[åÙz. eg: The
student is very studious and scores very
high marks.
H Studious X Lazy sñë]ÌÄÚÛú£ªhèËμjìz.
eg: The boy is quite lazy and does not pay
attention to studies.
3. Remedy = A successful way of curing ill-
ness sî¦uCÅ Eî¦ô¢éz. eg: The doctor sug-
gested a good remedy for his disease.
H Remedy X Harm sE ÚÛLTÙà¶z
eg: His excessive drinking has harmed his
health.
4. Titanic = Extremely powerful, strong,
important or large sNí£KêŸîμªiì ñõÙ
M. Santosh
Eí£±pö°Ùæ¨C
þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net
hot potato!
Writer
- M. Suresan
He told me about what you had done to him
ii) Cost an arm and leg = very costly / very
expensive. eg: It may cost an arm and a leg
for me to buy a car in my present situation.
iii) I could eat a horse = very, very hungry.
eg: I am so hungry that I could eat a horse.
iv) Feel a bit under the weather = Not feel well
or feel ill. eg: I feel a little under the weath-
er today because I worked the whole of last
night.
v) When pigs fly – The correct expression is:
‘Pigs might fly’ = When there is no chance
of something happening. eg: Indians win-
ning an international foot ball match? – Pigs
might fly.
Q: I am preparing special dish for you – Is this
correct?
A: I am preparing a special dish for you – cor-
rect. Dish is countable singular, so ‘a’ is a
must before it.
The sight of the dirty road
nauseated me
ÚÛLTÑÙè[åÙ, øŒÚ¨hêÁ ÑÙè[åÙ, vð§÷³ÜuÙ ÚÛõ,
šíë]Ìëμjìz. eg: It was a titanic battle
between both the teams to win the trophy.
H Titanic X minute (pronounced mainute)
= extremely small sú£«¤Ûtîμªiìz.
eg: Minute particles of dirt were found in the
liquid, so she threw it away.
5. Militant = Determined and often willing to
use force sEøŒaóŸªÙêÁ ñõ ví£óμ«ÞœÙ ඛúz.
eg: India faces threat from the militants from
Pakistan.
H Militant X Peace loving.
eg: India is a peace loving country.
2
Pillalamarri Ashok
Q: Sir, please translate the following into
English.
1) Þœªè… ìªÙ# ð§å Íú£pù£dÙÞ¥ NEí‡þ¼hÙC.
2) ììªo ÏÙêŸ v›íNªú£ªhû¦o÷± ÚÛë¯, Íú£õª û¶ìª
Íû¶î¦è…E ÖÚÛé¨o í£±æ¨d ÑÙè[ÚÛð¼ê¶ ìª÷±y
Ó÷Jo v›íNªÙà¶ë¯EN? F v›í÷ª Ô÷ªó¶ªuC?
3)
v›í÷ª ÍÙç˶ þ§yô¦–EÚ¨ ûμjAÚÛ Nõª÷ìª
Îð§CÙàŸè[.
4)
v›í÷ª ÍÙç˶ ví£í£ÙàŸÙö˺ Ô ·ôÙè…Ùæ¨ ÷ªëÅ]u
ð¼LÚÛ àŸ«è[ÚÛªÙè¯, òÅ˶ë¯Eo àŸ«í£ÚÛªÙè¯
ÑÙè[å.
A: 1) The song from the temple is being
heard unclearly/ indistinctly.
2) You love me so much. Suppose a man like
me had not been born, who would you
have loved, and what would have hap-
pened to your love?
3) ‘Love’ means attributing moral value to it.
4) Love means not comparing any two
objects, and not showing any difference
between the two.
Saleem, Guntakal
Q: Dear sir, what is the difference between
i) anticipation and expected, ii) gold and
golden?
A: i) Expectation is almost certain, whereas
‘anticipation’ is not so certain. He
expects some trouble = Some trouble,
he feels, is sure to happen. He antici-
pates trouble = He expects trouble, but
is not so certain about it.
ii) ‘Gold; refers to the metal, whereas ‘gold-
en’ refers to something which is as valu-
able as ‘gold’.
eg: a) a gold ring = a ring made of gold.
b) Golden opportunity = an opportunity
which is as great as gold, but not the metal
gold.
rmbuddhavarapu@gmail.com
Q: What is the meaning of Smokes and
Mirrors?
A: The correct expression is: Smoke and mir-
rors = making you believe that something
is true when it is actually not true. eg: His
claim that he has passed the exam is just
smoke and mirrors.
poleesugorle7@gmail.com
Q: Sir, how can we use the word "AS" in sen-
tence forming?
A: The word ‘As’ has three meanings:
1) Similar to something 2) Because 3)
Used to describe the quality or purpose of
something. Example for No 1) He is as
tall as his father (= he is tall like his
father)
2) As (because) he is ill, he cannot attend col-
lege.
3) He works as a clerk in a hotel.
Email your questions to:
pratibhadesk@eenadu.net
ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 15 VöËμj 2018
One Thousandth Lesson In Spoken English
T his is the one thousandth lesson on Spoken
English in the Eenadu. I began contributing
to the Eenadu on June 5, 2005 and have
uninterruptedly written Spoken English
lessons in the Eenadu. I hope that my
readers have got some knowledge of Spoken
English with the help of my lessons. I am
grateful to the Eenadu for their invitation to
write the lessons in Spoken English, and I
lu l
1000
Vijay Podiam, Chintur
Q: Sir, explain “however” usage in English
with examples.
A: Usually we do not begin a new sentence
with ‘but’. Instead, we use ‘however’ to
begin a new sentence. eg: 1) He came here
yesterday. However (= but) he did not talk
to anybody. 2) She knew who had stolen
the jewel. However, she did not tell the
police about it.
Pruthvi Peddapalli
Q: Sir, please tell me the meaning of i) what
ever we could, ii) is this not appear you
as a mistake
A: i) As a part of a sentence, ‘whatever we
could’ is correct. It means ‘à¶óŸªÞœLTÙë]Ùꦒ.
eg: We did whatever we could to help him.
ii) Is this not appear to you as a mistake – this
is wrong. The correct sentence is: Does this
not appear to you as a mistake?
M. Priyanka
Q: ú£ôÂ,
#ìoêŸô¢ÞœêŸªõ í‡õxõÚÛª ê¶LÚÛÞ¥
Íô¢–÷ªó¶ªuö° N÷JÙàŸè¯EÚ¨ ò˶ú‡Ú vÞ¥÷ªô ô¢«öËÀq
ÚÁú£Ù ÷ªÙ# í£±ú£hÚ¥õª ú£«#ÙàŸÙè….
A: Living English Structure by Stannard
Allen, and Published by Pearson Company
is a very useful practice book for children.
It is available at Orient Longmans
lu l
J. Satya
Q: Respected sir, I request you to kindly
explain briefly about parts of speech
and its uses.
A: 1) Noun is the name of a person, place,
thing or animal. eg: man, woman,
brother, lion, tiger, etc.
2) A pronoun is used in the place of a noun.
eg: Gopal came here last night. He was
very tired. Here, ‘he’ is a pronoun. Other
pronouns are: I, we, you, they, he, she, it,
this, that, these, those, etc.
3) Adjective talks about the quality of a per-
son, place, thing, or animal. The tiger is a
cruel animal. Here, cruel is an adjective.
He is a kind man – here kind is the adjec-
tive. The place is suitable for cultivation.
Here suitable is an adjective.
4) Verb – A verb talks about the state of being
of the subject, or the work the subject
does. eg: is, was, have been, and has been
etc. Go, come, sing, walk etc.
5) Adverb: The adverb qualifies (tells us) the
quality of a verb, adjective, or another
adverb. Eg: He walked slowly. ‘Slowly’
here is an adverb. He sang very well.
Here the adverb, very, modifies the other
adverb, well. He is a slow walker. Slow
here modifies the noun walker.
Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë 2
hope I will continue contributing to the
Eenadu for a long time to come. From now
on efforts will be made to teach English to
Telugu medium students as well. I hope my
lessons will be useful for them too.
Writer:
îμ³ë]æ¨ ð§ôÈ¢Ù ìªÙ# Ïí£pæ¨÷ô¢ÚÛª ví£àŸªJêŸîμªiì þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè…...
- M. Suresan
www.eenadupratibha.net
lu l lu l
2) If we tell 10 more times the same they
repeated the same mistakes - ÷ªìÙ í£Cþ§ô¢ªx
àμí‡pû¦ î¦üŒ‰x Íî¶ êŸí£±põª à¶ú£«hû¶ ÑÙæ°ô¢ª.
cñæ©deí£ådè¯Eo Ô÷ªÙæ°ô¢ª? 3) He is waiting for change in the situations -
ÍêŸè[ª í£Jú‡–꟪ö˺x ÷«ô¢ªp ÚÁú£Ù Óë]ªô¢ª
Company or any other book shop. going to a movie tonight?
àŸ«ú£ªhû¦oè[ª.
A: 1) It has become tough for him as no one
Varun, Guntur 3) Have you had your breakfast? – Correct. Do
can / is able to understand his needs.
Q: Respected sir, please let me know the you eat breakfast – this means ‘Do you take
2) Even if we tell them ten times that what they
correct sentences from the following. breakfast every day?’
are doing is wrong, they repeat the same
1) Shall we play for some time?/ Will you 4) Can you give me today’s news-
mistakes.
come to play for some time? paper – correct. The other sen-
tence – today newspaper – 3) Your third sentence is correct.
2) How about to go a movie tonight?/
wrong. Raqeeb Shaan
What about to go a movie today?
5) Correct. Q: When was the bicycle invented?
3) Have you had your breakfast?/ Do you
6) How can you sleep till 7 When was invented the bicycle? What is
eat breakfast?
O’clock in the morning, when the difference between these sentences?
4) Can you give me today’s newspaper? /
you had a class at 6 O’clock? – A: When was the bicycle invented? – This is
Can you give me today newspaper? -
Correct. correct. When was invented the bicycle –
which is correct?
7) Correct. This is wrong.
5) Is Hari going to school? shivaprasad886@gmail.com Sanjay Kale
6) How can you Q: Sir, Instead is treated as preposition and Q: Sir, please translate into English
sleep still 7 conjunction. Please explain when we 1. ë]ªí£pæ¨ ÚÛí£±pÚÁ
O’ clock in treat it as preposition and conjunction. 2. ú‡LÙè[ôÂ Þ¥uúÃ ÓEo
the morn- Please clarify my doubt.
ing as you
A: ‘Instead’ is neither a conjunction nor a
ôÁVõÚÛª ÷ú£ªhÙC?
had a class at 6 3. ÖÚÛJû•ÚÛô¢ª
preposition. It is an adverb. Eg: You can
O’ clock? go instead of me. Here it is used as a an
ëÁàŸªÚÛªÙåªû¦oô¢ª
7) Just listen to your A: Cover / drape
adverb.
father and do yourself with a
V. Sravanthi, S.Kota
sheet.
what he said. Q: Respected sir, please let me know the
A: 1) The first 2. How long does
mistakes if any.
sentence is the gas in the
1) It become more tough time for him as no
correct. cylinder last?
one can able to understand his needs - ÍêŸè…Ú¨
2) How about 3. They are rob-
bing one another.
ÔÙ Ú¥î¦ö˺ Íô¢–Ù à¶ú£ªÚÛªû¶î¦üŒ‰x ö˶ÚÛð¼÷è[ÙêÁ
/ what about ÍêŸè… í£Jú‡–A à¦ö° Ú¨xù£dÙÞ¥ ÑÙC.
lu l lu l
VOCABULARY
6) Conjunction: A conjunction is a word
which joins two or more words. And, but,
so, etc., are examples of conjunctions.
7) Preposition: Prepositions are words which
are used before / after a noun or pronoun to 1. Replete = a) full especially with food (EÙè… 4. Prerogative = A privilege or right (-ví£-ê¶uÚÛ
show the position of the noun or the pro- Ñìo, ÷³ÜuÙÞ¥ Î-ô¢Ù-êÁ-). eg: After eating ÚÛª\/- þ¿ÚÛ-ô¢uÙ-). eg: The MPs and MLAs in
noun. He sat on a stool. Here ‘on’ is a at the marriage party, Ram was replete, and India enjoy a lot of prerogatives
preposition. It shows the relationship wanted no more to eat. Prerogative X Duty or obligation (-ëÅ]ô¢tÙ/- NCÅ-).
between ‘sat’ and ‘stool’. Other examples Replete X starved or starving (-í£ú£ªh í£è[ª-ÚÛª-ìo-). eg: He had the duty of attending on the minis-
of preposition are in, into, about, etc. b) Full or well supplied with something (-EÙè… ter.
8) The last part of speech is interjection – the Ñìo/- ë¶E-êÁ-ûμjû¦ ò°Þ¥ EÙè… Ñìo-). 5. Profane = Crude / vulgar (-îμ«-åªÞ¥, Íú£-
interjection expresses surprise or a sudden eg: Modern day Telugu movies are replete òÅ¡uÙÞ¥/- ñ«êŸª-
feeling. eg: Alas, oh, ah, etc. with sex, dances and stunts õêÁ Ñìo-)
Replete X empty (-Ý°-SÞ¥ Ñìo-). eg: He
Veda, ZPHS, Marrigudem
eg: The vessel is empty. (Î ð§vêŸ Ý°SÞ¥ ÑÙC-) always
Q: Sir please translate the Telugu word 2. Concede = Agree or accept (-Ö-í£±p-ÚÁ-÷è[Ù/- speaks
ñæ©dí£ådè[Ù into English. Is by-heart suit- úˆyÚÛ-JÙ-àŸ-è[Ù-). eg: At last he conceded to my profane lan-
lu l
able word for that? request of helping my brother guage and lacks cul-
A: Mug up. The proper word for it is, not by- Concede X Reject or refuse (-A-ô¢-ú£\-JÙ-àŸ-è[Ù-). ture
heart, but get by heart something. eg: He refused to help me and turned me Profane X Decent /
away. refined (-ú£Ù-þ§\-ô¢-÷Ù-
Oª ví£øŒoõª í£Ùð§Lqì #ô¢ªû¦÷«... 3. Unpalatable = Unpleasant / difficult to êŸ-îμªi-ì).
accept (-Í-û¦-x-ë]-ÚÛ-ô¢ÙÞ¥ Ñìo/- úˆyÚÛ-JÙ-àŸ-è¯-EÚ¨ eg: His lan-
þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡ NòÅ°ÞœÙ,
Oö˶xE-). eg: My offer was unpalatable to him guage is
Ðû¦è[ª Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ, ô¦îμ«@ íƇöËÀt ú‡æ©,
and he asked for even more. decent
Unpalatable X Palatable = Pleasant. and he
Íû¦âËÀí£²ôÂ, ô¢ÙÞ¥·ôè…“ >ö°x.
Email your questions to: eg: My statement was very palatable to him. never hurts
pratibhadesk@eenadu.net (Palate = the hard roof of the mouth) others.
ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 22 VöËμj 2018
Exercise
Point out the verbs in the following
sentences:
1) He comes here every day.
2) They are discussing the matter seriously
3) What does he know?
4) Where did they go yesterday?
5) Do you know English?
6) He shall do it immediately
7) Nobody has an idea where he is now
8) I do not know what has happened to him.
FF
1001
R. Gopi, Konakandla
Q: Sir, please translate the following sen-
tences into Telugu.
1) Justice was to be given in accordance with
the provisions of law.
2) Case in which capital punishment was like-
ly to be awarded.
3) Cases which are likely to be detected with
the aid and assistance of spies.
4) All other cases not to be discussed by
Dharmasthiya
5) Each village was supposed to be self suffi-
cient even in matters like defence and social
FF
Grammar
Sentence s-î¦-ÚÛuÙ-z
A sentence is a group of words with complete
meaning. eg: a) These girls are students.
b) My uncle is coming tonight, etc.
A sentence always has a subject (ÚÛô¢h). The
subject of a sentence is, what the sentence
talks about (-î¦ÚÛuÙ ë¶E ÞœªJÙ-àμjê¶ ÷«æ°x-è[ª-꟪ÙëÁ
ÍC ë¯E- subject). Sentence (a) talks about
girls, so the subject of the sentence is ‘These
girls.’ Sentence (b) talks about ‘my uncle’, so
‘My uncle’ is the subject of the sentence.
The next is ‘the verb’: The verb talks about
the state of being of the subject (Subject -N-NëÅ]
ô¢Ú¥õ ÑÙè[-æ°Eo ÞœªJÙ-#), or the action done by
the subject (subject ඛú í£EE ÞœªJÙ# àμñª-꟪Ù-C-)
– -DEo Verb ÍÙæ°ô¢ª.-
eg: a) He is in the class. Here ‘is’ is the verb
here because it talks about the ‘being’ of the
subject (Subject Ú¥x-ú£ªö˺ ÑÙè[-æ°Eo êμõª-í£±-꟪Ù-C-.)
b) She plays hockey very well. Here ‘plays’ is
the verb, because it talks about the action of
the subject. (-Ï-ÚÛ\è[ plays Îè[ª-꟪ÙC ÍE àμ›íp
í£ë]Ù, ÍÙç˶ subject ඛú í£E ÞœªJÙ# àμñªêŸªÙC)
It is very important to know the subject and
the verb in a sentence.
There are six classes of verbs in English
(ÎÙ-ÞœxÙö˺ verbs (vÚ¨-óŸªõª) 6 ô¢Ú¥-õªÞ¥ ÑÙæ°ô³.- ÍN:-
Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ëÂ
9) How does he sing?
10) Where can you find him?
11) He will come tomorrow
12) They can sing very well
13) He should do it immediately
14) They may come tomorrow
15) They must go there immediately.
áî¦ñªõª ÷à¶aî¦ô¢Ù
Writer:
- M. Suresan
Get a raw deal
FF
welfare.
6) He was to be examined medically
7) Health can’t bestowed, it has to be
won.
A: 1) àŸådÙ EñÙ-ëÅ]-ìõ ví£Ú¥ô¢Ù ÔC
û¦uóŸªîμ« Íö°¸Þ Bô¢ªp Ïî¦yL
2) Ð ¸Úú£ªö˺ ÷ªô¢-é-P¤Û NCÅÙ-àŸ-÷àŸªa
3) Þœ«èÅ[-à¦-ô¢ªõ þ§óŸªÙêÁ ÚÛìª-ÚÛª\û¶ ¸Úú£ªõª
n Ð î¦ÚÛuÙ í£²Jh Ú¥ö˶ë]ª
4) NªÞœê¦ ÏêŸô¢ ¸Úú£ª-õFo ÚÛ«è¯ ëÅ]ô¢t-ú‡–óŸª
sÐ ÷«å û¦ÚÛª Íô¢–Ù Ú¥ö˶ë]ª. Oª
Ñë¶ÌøŒÙ ›íô¦?z àŸJaÙ-àŸ-ë]-T-ìN Ú¥ë]ª
5) ô¢¤Ûé, þ§ÙíƇªÚÛ ú£Ù¸¤÷ªÙ ö°Ùæ¨ Nù£-óŸ«ö˺x ví£A
m Ist Class of Verbs: The ‘be’ forms (be = ÑÙ-
è[åÙ – Ð be forms N-NëÅ] ô¢Ú¥õ ÑÙè[-æ°Eo êμõª-
í£±-ê¦-ô³). These verbs are:
a) am, is, are, (Ïí£±pè[ª ÑÙè[åÙ, vÚÛ÷ªÙ êŸí£p-ÚÛªÙè¯
ÑÙè[åÙ, Óí£±pè[« ÑÙè[åÙ), was and were
(ÞœêŸÙö˺ ÑÙè[-åÙ-.)
b) All verb forms ending in ‘-be’: Shall be,
will be (-òÅ¡-N-ù£u-êÂö˺ ÑÙè[-åÙ-), should be
(ÑÙè¯L-), would be (-ÑÙ-è[-åÙ-), can be (-ÑÙ-è[-Þœ-õ-
Þœ-è[Ù-), could be (Þœ-êŸÙö˺ ÑÙè[-Þœ-õ-Þœ-è[Ù-), may be
(-ÑÙ-è[-÷àŸªa, Ïí£±pè[ª Þ¥F/- òÅ¡N-ù£u-êÂö˺ Þ¥F-),
might be (-Þœ-êŸÙö˺ ÑÙè[-÷àŸªa n- DEÚ¨ ÏêŸô¢ Ñí£-
óμ«-Þ¥õª ÚÛ«è¯ Ñû¦o-ô³-), must be, have to be,
has to be (-O-å-Eo-æ¨Ú¨ Íô¢–Ù n- ÑÙè¯-L-), had to be
(-Þœ-êŸÙö˺ ÑÙè¯-L-), ought to be (-ûμj-A-ÚÛÙÞ¥
ÑÙè¯L), dare to be (-ëÅμj-ô¢uÙêÁ ÑÙè[-åÙ-), need to
be (Í-÷-ú£-ô¢ÙêÁ ÑÙè[-åÙ-).
c) All verb forms ending in ‘been’: have been,
has been (-ÞœêŸÙ ìªÙ# Ïí£pæ¨ ÷ô¢ÚÛª ÑÙè[-åÙ-),
had been (-Þœ-êŸÙö˺ Ú•ÙêŸ-Ú¥õÙ ÑÙè[-åÙ-), shall
have been (-òÅ¡-N-ù£u-êÂö˺ ÑÙè[-åÙ-) should have
been, will have been, would have been, may
have been, might have been, must have
been, ought to have been, dare to have been.
m IInd Class of Verbs: This class of verbs is
in the form of ‘be’ form + ing form: These
talk about actions of the subject. (-ÏN subject
ඛú í£ìª-õìª êμõª-í£±-ê¦-ô³.)
eg: Am going, Has been dancing, Will be
singing, Had been walking, etc. These
verbs can be formed by joining, any ‘be’
form with any ‘-ing’ form.
m IIIrd Class of Verbs: ‘Be ‘form + Past par-
ticiple (V3). Verbs of this class are PAS-
SIVE VOICE verbs. (Ð ô¢ÚÛÙ verb passive
voice ö˺ ÑÙåªÙ-C-) eg: Is done (-à¶-óŸª-ñ-è[ª-
꟪ÙC), Are seen (-àŸ«-è[-ñ-诓ô¢ª/- àŸ«è[-ñ-诓-ô³-),
Have been sent (-í£Ù-í£-ñ-诓ô¢ª/- í£Ùí£-ñ-诓-ô³-),
Has been done (-à¶-óŸª-ñ-è…Ù-C-), Will have been
taken (-B-ú£ª-ÚÁ-ñ-è…Ù-C-), etc.
m IVth Class of Verbs: Have/ has/ had/ will
have/ shall have/ would have/ should have
etc. + Past Participle (V3).
eg: Will have gone, Shall have observed,
îμ³ë]æ¨ ð§ôÈ¢Ù ìªÙ# Ïí£pæ¨÷ô¢ÚÛª ví£àŸªJêŸîμªiì þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè…...
www.eenadupratibha.net
FF
ÍÙç˶...?
vÞ¥÷«-EÚ¨ ú£yóŸªÙ ú£Ùú‡-ë]ÌÄêŸ ÑÙè¯-õE Íìª-ÚÁ-ñ-
è[ª-꟪ÙC.
6) ÍêŸ-è…Ú¨ îμjë]u í£K¤Û à¶ô³Ù-à¦L.
7) ÎôÁÞœuÙ Íû¶C ÖÚÛ ÷ô¢Ù Ú¥ë]ª. ë¯Eo ÷ªìÙ
·Þõª-àŸª-ÚÁ-î¦L, ÍÙç˶, ÷ªìÙ ÷ªì ÎôÁÞœuÙ
Nù£óŸªÙ â°vÞœ-êŸhÞ¥ àŸ«ú£ª-ÚÁ-î¦L ÍE.
G. Siva reddy, Thimmanacheruvu
Q: ú£ôÂ,
Ú¨ÙC í£ë¯õìª ÎÙÞœxÙö˺ Ô÷ªÙæ°ôÁ
êμõªí£Þœõô¢ª.
1) ÷ªï£°FóŸ³õ ÷«åõª 2) ÷ªÙ# ÷«åõª
3) NòÅ¡«C 4) Ú¨ö°è…
5) Eë]ô¢)ìÙ 6) Íõª÷³ÚÁ÷è[Ù 7) ë¯ùˆdÚÛÙ
8) šíjø‹#ÚÛÙ 9) Þœªê¶hë¯ô¢ª 10) DìÙÞ¥
FF
Should have known, Could have done, etc.
m Vth Class of Verbs: There are three classes
of verbs in the V class – they are the Ist
Doing Word (DW), IInd Doing Word (II
DW) and the Past Doing Word (PDW):
Look at the following examples:
Ist DW (used II DW Past Doing
with I, We, (used with Word (used with
You, They) He, She, It) all subjects)
1. Come Comes Came
2. Sing Sings Sang
3. Fight Fights Fought
4. Try Tries Tried
Important: When the first doing word (I DW)
is used with not or in the question, it becomes,
Do + I DW; When the second doing word (II
DW) is used with not or in the question, it
becomes Does + Ist Doing Word, and when the
Past Doing Word is used with not or in the
question, it becomes, Did + I DW. This is very
important.
eg: a) They go there every day X They do not
go there every day (With ‘not)
Question: Do they go there every day? / When
do they go there every day? / Why do they go
there, etc.
b) She sings well X She does not sing well
(With ‘not’)
Question: Does she sing well?/ How does she
sing? When does she sing?, etc.
c) He acted well yesterday X He did not act
well yesterday (With ‘not)
Question: Did he act well yesterday? / How
did he act? / When did he act?, etc.
The VIth Class of Verbs (The last class):
They are: Shall/ should/ will/ would/ can/
could/ may/ might/ must/ need/ ought/ dare
etc. + Ist Doing Word. eg: shall go, should
come, will do, would sing, may go, might do,
need come, etc.
Well, these are the six classes of verbs. Learn
them thoroughly.
2
FF
A: 1) The words of the great
2) Good words 3) Ash worn on the face
4) Trickster 5) Example
6) Spread all over 7) Arrogance / Cause fear
8) Monstrosity / devilishness
9) Contractor 10) Pitiably
Q: Ú¨ÙC â°BóŸ«õÚÛª êμõªÞœªö˺ Íô¦–õª êμõí£Ùè….
1) Read between the lines
2) Put in a nut shell
3) Give a piece of mind
4) Get a raw deal
A: 1) í£ÙÚÛªhõ ÷ªëÅ]u ÑÙè˶ òÅ°î¦Eo Íô¢–Ù à¶ú£ªÚÁ÷è[Ù.
ÍÙç˶ ô¦ú‡ì ÷uÚÛªhõ ÷ªûÁòÅ°î¦Eo, î¦üŒ‰x
àμí£pÚÛªÙè¯û¶ í£ú‡Þœç˶dóŸªè[Ù
2) ÚÛªxí£hÙÞ¥ àμð§põÙç˶
3) ÷ªì ÷ªìú£ªö˺ ÑÙè˶ òÅ°î¦Eo ñóŸªæ¨Ú¨
Eô•t÷«åÙÞ¥ àμí£pè[Ù
4) ÏÙæ¨Ú•#aì î¦üŒxìª ú£JÞ¥ àŸ«è[ÚÛð¼÷è[Ù n î¦üŒxìª
Í÷ªô¦uë]ÚÛô¢ÙÞ¥ àŸ«è[åÙ
FF
VOCABULARY
1. Flair = Natural ability/ talent/ knack
(ví£AòÅ¡). eg: My friend Ram has the flair
acting any role in any drama.
xz Flair X Inability (-ví£-AòÅ¡ ö˶ÚÛ-ð¼-÷-è[Ù-). eg: He
has the inability to do the right thing at the
right time.
2. Genial = Kindly, sociable and friendly
(ë]óŸª Þœõ, ›úo-í£²-ô¢y-ÚÛ-îμªi-ì-). eg: She is quite
genial and mixes with every one of her
classmates without hesitation.
xz Genial X Unfriendly (-Nª-vêŸ-òÅ°÷Ù ö˶E-). eg: He
is quite unfriendly and suspects every one.
3. Spouse = Husband or wife (-òÅ¡-ô¢hÚÛª òÅ°ô¢u,
òÅ°ô¢uÚÛª òÅ¡ô¢h-). eg: If spouses are both
employees, they have to pay income tax.
xz Spouse X Enemy (-øŒ-v꟪-÷±-). eg: The husband
and wife no longer live together, as they
have become enemies.
4. Scam = A dishonest scheme / swindle (-
ví£áõ/ ví£òÅ¡ªêŸy è[ñª( Ú¥â˶-óŸª-è[Ù-) eg: Most
ministers in India are involved in scams.
xz Scam X Honesty (-E-â°-óŸª-B-). eg: A few
chief ministers in India have honesty.
5. Meltdown = Disaster / Collapse (-šíë]Ì
Îí£ë]/- ÚÛ«L-ð¼-÷-è[Ù-) eg: The Tokyo melt-
down could trigger a meltdown in the
world economy
xz Meltdown X Prosperity (-îμj-òÅ¡-÷Ù-). eg:
America and Japan enjoy a lot of prosperity.
ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 29 VöËμj 2018
jadanaveen4@gmail.com
Q: Sir, explain what is the difference of
1) I would play cricket in my schooldays
2) I used to play cricket in my schooldays
A: I would play cricket in my school days = I
liked to play and played cricket in my
school days and played.
H I used to play cricket in my school days =
I was a regular player of cricket in my
school days.
murali.chityala@gmail.com
Q: Sir, could you explain could/ would/
1002
venkeyvenkatesh986@gmail.com
Q: Sir, could you please tell me when we
use simple past and past perfect tense?
A: We use simple past for a past action at a
definite time in the past (Went, sang,
wrote etc). eg: He met me last night.
The past perfect is used when one past
action takes place before another past action.
eg: By the time he arrived there the bus had
gone. That is, by the time he reached the bus
stand, the bus had left.
vishnukommula11@gmail.com
Q: Respected sir, I request you to kindly
explain briefly about Gerund form and
its uses.
A: A gerund is a verbal noun. It can be used,
in the form of a noun, as the subject of a
sentence, object of a verb, object of a
preposition, etc. eg: Smoking is a bad
habit.
Here, smoking, the subject of the sen-
tence is a gerund. He likes singing songs.
Here, singing songs is a gerund, as it is the
object of the verb, likes. He started immedi-
ately with the idea of going home. Here
‘going’ is a gerund because it is the object of
the preposition, ‘of’. So an ‘ing’ form used as
the subject of a sentence, object of a verb,
object of a preposition, etc., are gerunds.
akhilsaivamsi.v@gmail.com
Q: Sir, where is coma and apostrophe
used?
A: The comma is used after every word in a
list of things. eg: He bought a car, a bike,
and a house. The apostrophe and s are
used to indicate someone having some-
thing. eg: This is Nikhila’s book = This
book belongs to Nikhila.
Grammar
Conditionals & Imaginary Past: A condi-
tional clause is a clause (a group of words
with a verb) expressing a condition. There are
three conditional clauses: 1) Probable present
2) Improbable present and 3) Imaginary past.
Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ëÂ
should/ have been with examples?
A: Could have been = capable of doing some-
thing, but did not do it (à¶óŸª-Þœ-LU à¶óŸª-ö˶-ÚÛ-ð¼-
÷è[Ù). He could have been the chief min-
ister, if he had wanted, but he did not
become.
Would have been = There was a possibility of
his being the Secretary, but he did not become
(ÍêŸè[ª šúvÚÛ-åK Íó¶ªu Í÷-Ú¥øŒÙ Ñû¦o Î í£E à¶óŸª-
ö˶ë]ª). Should have been = He should have
been here at 10 O’clock. (but he was not here
– í£CÙ-æ¨Ú¨ ÏÚÛ\è[ ÑÙè¯L, Ú¥F ö˶è[ª)
Gerund can be used in..
jilanichem@gmail.com
Q: Please clarify the meaning of
following, purpose of school
with examples.
1. Synergy 2. Concept
3. Olympiad 4. Iconic
5. Iscon
6. Cops were never be this scary
A: 1) The combined effort of two or
more organizations or other
agents to produce greater effect
than the sum of their individual efforts.
eg: The synergy of the team was able to
achieve, what individuals in a group could
not.
2) a) An abstract idea (an idea which we can-
not see or feel – the plan is taking shape in
his mind, and we can’t see it).
b) a plan or intention. eg: He has the concept
of selling his house.
c) an idea to help sell something. eg: He
helped her to sell the house.
3) The occasion on which Olympic Games are
held. Olympiad may also mean the compe-
titions in intelligence that are held in
schools and colleges.
4) a) Relating to or of a nature of an idol
(NvޜÙ).
b) Depicting a winning sportsperson in an
ordinary style (·Þõª-ú£ªhìo vÚ©è¯-Ú¥-ô¢ª-è…E ÷«÷´-
õªÞ¥ ú£êŸ\-JÙ-àŸè[Ù).
5) ISCON is the abbreviation for International
Society for Krishna Consciousness, that is,
the worship of Lord Krishna.
6) Cops = policemen. Cops were never this
scary = Cops were never so afraid. Scary =
afraid.
Probable present expresses something that
has the possibility of happening now. eg: If he
comes here, we shall all be happy. (His com-
ing is possible, and we all feeling happy is
also possible)
H Improbable present: This is something
which will not happen. eg: If he were here
now, we would discuss the matter with him.
2
îμ³ë]æ¨ ð§ôÈ¢Ù ìªÙ# Ïí£pæ¨÷ô¢ÚÛª ví£àŸªJêŸîμªiì þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè…...
www.eenadupratibha.net
VOCABULARY
1. Cordial = Friendly and polite (›úo-í£²-ô¢y-
ÚÛÙÞ¥, ÷ªô¦u-ë]Þ¥ ÑÙè[åÙ). eg: He invited all
his friends in a cordial manner to his mar-
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riage.
Q: Sir, explain the differences between
Cordial X Hostile (Unfriendly (NªvêŸ-òÅ°÷Ù
to have, having, having been and
being too.
ö˶E) eg: She was very hostile to the guests
who visited her home.
A: 1) To have = to own / possess some-
2. Reflective = Thoughtful (Îö˺-àŸ-ìêÁ ÚÛ«è…ì).
thing.
eg: Reflective parents often think before
2) Owning/ possessing something
they scold their children.
3) Having been = being at some place
Reflective X Thoughtless (Îö˺-àŸì ö˶E).
for sometime. eg: having been in
eg: The teacher was thoughtless in punishing
Mumbai for some time, he knows
the children.
Hindi well.
3. Scrutiny = Close examination (EPêŸ í£K¤Û).
4) Being = Remaining. Being in Calcutta for
eg: The idea the members proposed is
some time, he knows Bengali.
under the scrutiny of the committee.
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Scrutiny X Browse (read something without
Q: Sir tell me the difference between the
close examination – ÔëÁ šíjšíjì àŸC-î¶-óŸªè[Ù)
words.
eg: He often browses through the newspaper
1) Linguist and Polyglot without reading the news in depth.
2) Zoologist and Ethologist
A: 1) A linguist is a person who studies the
origin and science of language, whereas a
polyglot is a person who knows and can
speak a number of languages.
2) A zoologist is a person who studies animals.
An ethologist is a person who studies the
behaviour of animals and their natural liv-
ing places.
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Q: Sir, please clarify my following doubts in
Telugu.
1. Kindred spirit 2. Spokesperson
3. Take away 4. Per se 4. Prerogative = A special right (ví£ê¶uÚÛ
5. Inter se 6. Inter alia ÚÛª\). eg: The members of the Parliament
A: 1) A person whose interests and attitudes and of the Assemblies of India enjoy a
are similar to another person (ÏÙÚ•-ÚÛJ Îö˺-àŸ- number of prerogatives.
ìö˶ Ñìo ÷ªôÁ ÷ªEù‡) . Prerogative X Restriction (EñÙ-ëÅ]ì). eg: The
2) A person who is specially chosen to speak people in the custody of the police experi-
on behalf of his company or a group of peo- ence a number of restrictions.
ple (ÚÛÙšíF êŸô¢-í£±ì Ú¥F, ÖÚÛ ñ”Ùë]Ù êŸô¢-í£±ì Ú¥F 5. Unpalatable = Unpleasant (ÍÙêŸ Îx-ë]-ÚÛô¢Ù
÷«æ°xè˶ ví£A-ECÅ). Ú¥E). eg: The news that he told me was
very unpalatable.
3) Restaurant or a shop selling food to be
Unpalatable X Pleasant (Îx-ë]-ÚÛ-ô¢-îμªiì).
taken and eaten somewhere (ë]ªÚ¥éÙ Ú¥F,
˺åöËÀ Ú¥F, ÏÙÚÁ-àÁ-æ¨Ú¨ Bú£ª-·ÚRx Aû¶ Î-ô¦Eo eg: The news he gave us is really pleasant.
Ít ë]ªÚ¥-é°õª).
4) By or in itself (ë¯ìÙ-êŸå Íë¶) Last week Exercise Answers
5) Between or among themselves (Ïë]Ì-Jö˺ Ú¥F,
1) comes 2) are discussing
ÍÙêŸ-ÚÛÙç˶ ÓÚÛª\-÷-÷ªÙ-Cö˺ Ú¥F) 3) does know (= knows)
6) Among other things. (ÏêŸô¢ Nù£-óŸ«-õêÁ ÚÛLí‡)
4) did go (went) 5) do know (= know)
Mail your questions to: 6) shall do 7) has
pratibhadesk@eenadu.net 8) do know (= know)
9) does sing (= sings)
(He is not here now, and so there is no 10) can find. 11) will come
question of our discussing it).
H Imaginary past: This is past and there is
no question of it happening again. eg: If he
12) can sing
14) may come
13) should do
15) must go
had come home, his mother would have
been happy. Writer:
Well, these are the conditional clauses.
- M. Suresan
More in the next lesson.