OBJECTIVES

1. To investigate the properties of the welding bead on the defects and quality due to the
changes in welding such as current (A), welding speed (m/min), and voltage (V).
2. To identify the gas welding equipment, welding tools required, and the essential
process safety during the workshop.
3. To become familiar with the basic welding and perform basic welding operations.
4. To determine all type of gases that is being used to weld.
5. To analyse the major types of welding joints.
INTRODUCTION

Welding is a process to combine metal or metal joining using two or more pieces of
metal. The type of welding that is used in this workshop is Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)
and there are other welding types such as Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG), Shielded Metal Arc
Welding (SMAW) , Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW), and etc. Welding can be used, with or
without the use of filler metal depending on the type of welding used. The concentrated heat
of an electric arc joins metal by fusing the parent metal to a joint using consumable
electrode. GMAW or its other name Metal Inert Gas (MIG) is an automatic or semi-
automatic arc welding process which is used a continuous filler wire and a shielding gas
through welding gun. It used a constant voltage type of power source either in direct or
alternating current can be used, and it depends on the welding material and the electrode. As
the weld is laid, the flux coating of the electrode wrecked, it giving off the vapors that serve
as a shielding gas and providing a layer of slag, which both protect the weld area from
atmospheric contamination like oxygen in the air. GMAW process suitable fusing for a
material such as mild steel, stainless steel and aluminum. In this workshop, we are able to use
both automatic and semi-automatic arc welding process. During the processes, we are able to
get a better welding bead when using the automatic than the semi-automatic arc welding
process.

Figure 1: Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) welding process.

 The type of gases that we can use in Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) are Argon gas
and Carbon Dioxide (CO2). Argon is usually used on a nonferrous base metals such as
aluminium, copper, and reactive metals which provides excellent arc welding stability and
penetration. The gas that we used for this GMAW in the workshop is Carbon Dioxide.
Carbon Dioxide combines with elements transferring across the arc to form oxides from the
weld pool in the form of slag and scale that generate some smoke and fumes during the
processes. With pure CO2, the weld sounds can be consistently achieved. The weld sounds
play an important role to detect the suitable voltage(V), current(A), and welding
speed(m/min) to weld various thickness of metals.

Figure 2: Gas Metal Arc Welding(GMAW) equipment.

 INDUSTRIAL APPARATUS

Cost-effective, simple MIG power source designed Welding equipments and safety harness
for manufacturing.

Automated Robotic Welding