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Percobaan III

RANGKAIAN PENGUAT OPERASIONAL


Johannes E.N. Ginting (14S16003)
Tanggal Percobaan : 11/11/2017
[ELS2102] [Prak. RE]
[LAB DASAR TEKNIK ELEKTRO] – Teknik Elektro
Institut Teknologi Del

2. Goals
Abstract—In this experiment, praktikan will learn about The purpose of this practicum :
operational amplifiers which is usually packed in IC (Integrated  Can arrange the circuit on the breadboard
Circuit). Also, we will check the functions of the Op-Amp, ie
inverting, non-inverting, integrator, summer, and op-amp circuits
 Understand the use of operational amplifiers
for the oscillator and design the circuit in accordance with the  Can use standard operational amplifier circuits in
purpose of the lab. simple analog computation

Keywords—Integrator, Inverting, Integrated Circuit, Non


Inverting, Operational Amplifiers, Summer II. THEORITICAL BASIS
operational amplifier (often op-amp or opamp) is a
I. INTRODUCTION DC-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier
with a differential input and, usually, a single-ended
output.[1] In this configuration, an op-amp produces an
1. Background output potential (relative to circuit ground) that is
T He operational amplifier is an instant amplifier that can be
directly used for many amplifier applications. An op amp
is usually an IC (Integrated Circuit). Packaging of various IC-
typically hundreds of thousands of times larger than
the potential difference between its input terminals.
Operational amplifiers had their origins in analog
type op amps contains one op amp and there are two op amps computers, where they were used to perform
(4558, LF 356) and so on. The operational amplifier is mathematical operations in many linear, non-linear,
composed of several amplifier circuits composed of transistors and frequency-dependent circuits.
of FETs. Usually making the circuit of op amp is easier than
making a circuit of transistor because it does not require point 1. Inverting Amplifier
and bias calculation. An inverting amplifier is a special case of the
Differential amplifier in which that circuit's non-
inverting input V2 is grounded, and inverting input V1
is identified with Vin above. The closed-loop gain is Rf
/ Rin, hence
The simplified circuit above is like the differential amplifier in 3. Summing Amplifier
the limit of R2 and Rg very small. In this case, though, the circuit A summing amplifier sums several (weighted) voltages:
will be susceptible to input bias current drift because of the
mismatch between Rf and Rin.

To intuitively see the gain equation above, calculate the current


in Rin:

then recall that this same current must be passing through Rf,
therefore (because V− = V+ = 0):

4. Oscillators
Wien bridge oscillator
A mechanical analogy is a seesaw, with the V− node (between
Rin and Rf) as the fulcrum, at ground potential. Vin is at a length
Rin from the fulcrum; Vout is at a length Rf. When Vin descends
"below ground", the output Vout rises proportionately to balance
the seesaw, and vice versa.

2. Non-Inverting Amplifier
A non-inverting amplifier is a special case of the Differential
amplifier in which that circuit's inverting input V1 is grounded,
and non-inverting input V2 is identified with Vin above, with R1
≫ R2. Referring to the circuit immediately above,

To intuitively see this gain equation, use the virtual ground


technique to calculate the current in resistor R1:

Produces a very low distorsion sine wave. Uses negative


temperature compensation in the form of a light bulb or diode.

then recall that this same current must be passing through R2,
therefore:
III. RESULT AND ANALYSIS Dari hasil percobaan yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan
bawha hasil dari Vin dan Vout jauh berbeda karena pengaruh
A. Tugas 2 : Melakukan percobaan rangkaian penguat Non-
dari tegangan input dan juga karena perbedaan resistor.
Inverting dengan multimeter digital dan cara manual
Percobaan yang dilakukan berhasil.
Titik Nilai Perhitungan Nilai Pengukuran
Vin (V) Vout (V) Vin (V) Vout (V)
A 9 18 8,5 17,62 C. Tugas 4 : Melakukan percobaan rangkaian penguat
B 7 14 6,39 13,72 summer (penjumlahan) di titik A dan B
C 5 10 4,46 9,06
D 3 6 2,75 5,00 Vp di titik A Vp di titik B
V Max( Min( (Vol V Max( Min( (Vol
Titik A :> Vin = (9,9/13,2) x 12 = 9 Volt V) V) t) V) V) t)
Vout = ( (1/1) + 1) x 9 = 18 Volt In 1,24 60 m 1,18 In 1,26 80 m 1,14
Titik B :> Vin = (7,7/13,2) x 12 = 7 Volt O -8,40 -1,90 1,06 O -600 -1,46 0,86
Vout = ( (1/1) + 1) x 7 = 14 Volt ut m ut m
Titik C ;> Vin = (5,5/13,2) x 12 = 5 Volt
Vout = ( (1/1) + 1) x 5 = 10 Volt Dari data yang telah di dapat pada saat praktikum, dapat
Titik D :> Vin = (3,3/13,2) x 12 = 3 Volt disimpulkan bahwa tegangan output pada op amp rangkaian
Vout = ( (1/1) + 1) x 3 = 6 Volt penguat summer diperoleh dengan menjumlahkan tegangan
pada titik A dan titik B. Tegangan di titik A dan di titik B
Dari hasil percobaan yang didapat, pengukuran Vin dan Vout berbeda akibat perbedaan resistor. Percobaan berjalan dengan
berbeda tiap titik karena perbedaan nilai resistor dan juga baik.
sumber tegangan input positif dan negative. Dapat dikatakan
bahwa percobaan yang dilakukan berhasil
D. Tugas 5 : Melakukan percobaan rangkaian penguat
B. Tugas 3 : Melakukan percobaan rangkaian penguat Integrator
Inverting dengan multimeter digital dan cara manual Amplitudo = o,5 Vpp Amplitudo = 0,1 Vpp
 Tabel 2-B V Max Min (mV) V Max Min (mV)
Titik Nilai Perhitungan Nilai Pengukuran (mV) (mV) (mV) (mV)
Vin (V) Vout (V) Vin (V) Vout (V) In 136 -422 560 In 144 -440 584
A 4 -8,8 3,94 -9,12 Out -672 - 490 Out -664 - 500
B 6 -13,2 6,04 -14,01 1160 1160

 Tabel 2-B saat Vp di titik A Gambar Sinyal Pada Osiloskop


V Max (V) Min (V) volt Vs (Vpp) Gelombang Input Gelombang
In 2,52 -2,28 4,80 Output
Out -3,88 -8,44 4,76
0,5
 Tabel 2-B saat Vp di titik B
V Max (V) Min (V) volt
In 2,44 -2,5 4,94
Out -4,12 -8,76 4,64 0,1

Titik A :> Vin = (2,2/6,6) x 12 = 4 volt


Vout = (-2,2/1) x 4 = -8,8 volt
Titik B :> Vin = (3,3/6,6) x 12 = 6 volt Dari data yang telah didapat, disimpulkan bawah gelombang
Vout = (-2,2/1) x 6 = -13,2 volt input yang berupa sinyal kotak sedangkan output garis miring
dibandingkan sinyal input. Hal ini akibat adanya penguatan
pada sinyal input sehingga output nya pun menjadi lebih
tinggi. Percobaan dilakukan dengan baik.
E. Tugas 6 : Melakukan percobaan rangkaian Oscillator ATTACHMENT
Gambar sinyal pada osiloskop

Tugas 2 : Gambar rangkaian percobaan penguat Non-Inverting

Dari gambar diatas yang telah didapatkan dari hasil praktikum,


dapat disimpulkan bawha hasil dari gelombang Input dan
Output berbeda karena perbedaan tegangan Vs di setiap
percobaan. Praktikum yang dilakukan berjalan dengan baik

IV. CONCLUSION
The amount of voltage booster that is obtained in this
experiment in theory is the greater the voltage of the masuka
the greater the voltage amplifier. A simple inverting circuit for
DC requirements can be constructed by connecting the DC
input signal with the Vin Inverting Op-Amp foot. Non-reversed
operational circuits can work if coupled to a negative part
marked with positive foot input.

REFERENCE
[1] Fadjar, Purwanto HM, Agus Danawan dan Yuyu
Rachmat Tayubi. 2009. Elektronika Dasar. Bandung : Bagian
Penerbitan Pendidikan Fisika UPI
[2] Charles K. Alexander, Matthew N.O. Sadiku.
Fundamentals of Electric Circuits. 5th Edition.
NewYork: Mc Graw Hill, 2013.
[3] C. K. Alexander , “ Circuit Theorems” in Fundamentals
of Electric Circuits 4th ed. New York, U.S.A
Tugas 3 : Gambar rangkaian percobaan penguat inverting

Tugas 4 : Gambar Rangkaian Percobaan Penguat Summer


Tugas 6 : Rangkaian Percobaan Oscillator

Tugas 5 : Rangkaian Percobaan Integrator

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