Chapter 5

Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Hints and Solutions

SECTION - A 1 2
At point P, =
1. Answer (4) sin c 3
The speed of image = 2(70) – 50 c = 60º
= 90 km/h. ∴ r + c = 90º
2. Answer (1) ∴ r = 30º
δ = (360 – 2θ)
At point A
For antiparallel δ = 180º
sin i 2 1 1
360 − 180 μ= , sin i = . =
∴ θ= = 90 sin r 3 2 3
2
3. Answer (2) ⎛ 1 ⎞
i = sin−1 ⎜ ⎟
4. Answer (1) ⎝ 3⎠

f = x1 x2 where x1 = 10 cm 8. Answer (4)

More is the critical angle rarer is the medium.
∴ f = 40 × 10 = 20 cm x2 = 40 cm Therefore A is rarer as compared to B so no
critical angle from A to B.
5. Answer (2)
6. Answer (3) 9. Answer (4)
10. Answer (1)
H H
H ⎛ μ + μ2 ⎞ 11. Answer (3)
Apparent depth = 2 + 2 = . ⎜ 1 ⎟
μ1 μ 2 2 ⎝ μ1 μ 2 ⎠ 12. Answer (1)
All the rays are coming along the radius hence
7. Answer (2)
they are perpendicular to the surface so no
deviation on refraction. Therefore vertical image
P
will be formed at the same location.
A c
r 13. Answer (2)
i Dispersive power
μ − μr 1.62 − 1.52 0.1
ω= v = =
μ −1 1.57 − 1 0.57
sin i 1
= μ, =μ 1
sin r sin c ω=
5.7

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38 Ray Optics and Optical Instruments Hints & Solutions

14. Answer (1)

θa = sin−1 μ12 − μ22
For compound microscope
As μ0 = 1 (air)
⎛ D⎞ 23. Answer (1)
⇒ m = m0 ⎜ 1 + ⎟
⎝ fe ⎠
1 ⎛ μ2 ⎞⎛ 2 ⎞
= ⎜ − 1⎟ ⎜ ⎟
f ⎝ μ1 ⎠⎝ R ⎠
⎛ 25 ⎞
90 = 15 ⎜ 1 + ⎟ 24. Answer (1)
⎝ fe ⎠
In mirrors, refraction does not occur.

25 25. Answer (2)

6 −1=
fe 26. Answer (2)

fe = 5 cm 27. Answer (2)

28. Answer (4)
15. Answer (4)
Fact based
16. Answer (1)
29. Answer (1)
17. Answer (4)
30. Answer (4)
18. Answer (3)
d ≥ 4f
For same magnification,
∴ d = 50 cm
u1 + u2 10 + 30 31. Answer (2)
f= = = 20 cm
2 2
O
19. Answer (1) 16 cm
r1 + r2 = A

Since r = 0 x′
x = 12 cm
r1 = A

sin 60°
3 = 60°
sin r1 x 12
x′ = = = 9 cm
μ 4
3
3 /2 1
⇒ sin r1 = = Distance of image from the effective mirror
3 2
(shown dotted) = (16 + x′) = 16 + 9 = 25 cm
r1 = 30° ∴ Required distance = x′ + 25 = 9 + 25 = 34 cm
r1 = A = 30° 32. Answer (4)

20. Answer (4) 33. Answer (4)

21. Answer (4) 1 1 1 d

= + −
f f1 f2 f1f2
22. Answer (2)
1 1 1 1
= + − =
μ12 − μ22 10 30 15 15
As sin θa =
μ0 ⇒ f = 15 cm

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Hints & Solutions Ray Optics and Optical Instruments 39
34. Answer (1) ⎡
L D⎤
and m = – ⎢1 + ⎥ for strained eye
1 2 1 fo
⎣ fe ⎦
= −
F fl fm For large magnification both fo and fe should be
1 ⎛2⎞ 1 small and also we know fe > fo.
= 2(μ − 1) ⎜ ⎟ −
F ⎝ R ⎠ −R / 2 ∴ Possible combination is f1 → objective
R lens and f2 → eye lens
F=
4μ − 2 39. Answer (3)
35. Answer (1) 1
sin C =
P = P1 + P2 + P1 a μm
μa vm 4
μ g − 1 2(μ l − 1) μ g − 1 = μ = =
= − + m C 5
R R R
∴ C = 53º
1
= 40. Answer (2)
A
3R
i = 0 and r1 = 0
36. Answer (4) A = 60º
for no emergence at AC 60º
The critical angle for prism is
r2 > C
Now, A = r1 + r2
δ = 120º
∴ A > C + r1 r2
⇒ A>C [... r1 = 0] 50º 70º
C
1B
sin A > sin C ⇒ sin A >
μ
2
Grazing Grazing ⇒ μ > cosec A i.e. μ >
incidence emergence 3
41. Answer (2)
1 1 μ1 = 1.5, μ2 = 1
Sin C = ⇒ sin C =
μ 2 u = – BA = – 15 cm, ν = ?
∴ C = 30º μ2 μ1 μ 2 – μ1
– =
As A = 2C ν u R
∴ Emergent ray will be grazing emergent ray
when i = 90º and deviation will be maximum.
37. Answer (4)
B A P
μg – 1
fl = fa C
μg / μl – 1

Now if μg = μl, then

μg – 1 1 1 .5 1 – 1.5
fl = fa =∞ + =
0 ν 15 − 10

38. Answer (2) 1 0 .5 1 0 .5

⇒ = + – =−
The magnification of a compound microscope ν 10 10 10
10
L ⎡D ⎤ ⇒ ν= –
0 .5
m= – ⎢ ⎥ for relaxed eye
fo ⎣ fe ⎦ = – 20 cm

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40 Ray Optics and Optical Instruments Hints & Solutions

42. Answer (3)

u = – 20 cm and ν = – 16 cm

1 1 1 1 1
= – = – +
f ν u 16 20

1 –1
⇒ =
f 80
∴ Final image will be at the focus i.e. at distance
– 20 cm from lens.
100 100
P= = – = – 1.25 D 49. Answer (1)
f (in cm) 80
1
43. Answer (1) P= ⇒ f = 0.5 m [... P = + 2D]
f
When object is placed at the centre of curvature
∴ Focal length of each part will
of concave mirror, its image is also at same
be 2f i.e. 1 m.
position i.e. centre of curvature. Therefore 2f 2f
distance between object and its real image will be 50. Answer (2)
zero. u = – 25 cm; v = – 1 m = – 100 cm
44. Answer (2)
1 λ medium 1m
1
sin C = ⇒ = λ Eye
μ 2 air

1
⇒ λmedium = × 3000 Å = 1500 Å
2 D
45. Answer (3) 25 cm
Chromatic aberration is absent in all type of
mirrors and present in lenses, because the focal 1 1 1 1 1
∴ = – – = – +
length of mirror is independent of wavelength of f 100 – 25 100 25
light.
46. Answer (3) – 1+ 4 3
= =
100 100
Longitudinal chromatic aberration = ωf
= 0.05 × 15 = 0.75 cm = 7.5 mm 100
∴P= =+3D
47. Answer (4) f (in cm)
51. Answer (4)
fo 50
m= = = +5
fe 10
52. Answer (2)
F
f
m=
f –u
When object is at ∞ image formed by concave 1 20
lens is erect and point image. ⇒+ =
4 20 – u
i.e. m << + 1
⇒ 20 – u = 80 ⇒ u = – 60 cm
48. Answer (3)
53. Answer (2)
R 20 Optical path = μ1t1 + μ2t2
f= = = 20 cm
2 (μ – 1) 2 (1.5 – 1)
= 1.5 × 2 + 1.7 × 3
∴ Object is at focus of lens = 3 + 5.1 = 8.1 cm

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Hints & Solutions Ray Optics and Optical Instruments 41
54. Answer (3) 59. Answer (2)
Shift 4
Δx u = – ∞, μ1 = Water
3 air
μ2 = 1; R = 8 mm I C
P
μ 2 μ1 μ 2 – μ1 μ1
– = μ2
v u R
4
1–
1 3 1 1
t –0= ⇒ =– ⇒ v = – 24 mm
v 8 v 24
1 ∴ distance of image from C = IP + PC = 24 + 8
Δx = 1– t
μ = 32 mm
60. Answer (1)
1
= 1– ×2 The time taken by light to travel distance t through
3/2
a medium of refractive index μ is
tμ
1 time =
= ×2 C
3
tP μP tQ μ Q
= 0.67 cm ⇒ =
C C
55. Answer (1)
μQ tP 2
A plane mirror always forms a virtual image of real PμQ =
μP
= = = 0.4
tQ 5
object but if object is virtual it forms a real image.
61. Answer (2)
As A is mid way between P and Q.
∴ Angle of incidence will be 45º.
I Q
45º
22.5º
A

56. Answer (4) P O R 45º

57. Answer (4)

and ∠OAR = 22.5º

and ∠ARO = 22.5º [from symmetry]
f0
∴ Total deviation = deviation of A + deviation at R
Image formed = 22.5º + 22.5º = 45º
by objective lens 62. Answer (4)
58. Answer (1)
f
feq = Focal length of combination = 5 cm
1 2 1 2
= +
fequivalent flens fmirror u = – 10 cm and feq = 5 cm
fmirror = ∞ 1 1 1 1 1 1
∴ – = ⇒ + =
1 2 v u feq v 10 5
∴ =
fequivalent flens
1 1
⇒ = ⇒ v = 10 cm
flens v 10
⇒ fequivalent = = 5 cm
2 distance of image from object = 20 cm
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42 Ray Optics and Optical Instruments Hints & Solutions

63. Answer (1) 70. Answer (1)

The focal length of a normal eye lens is about Object position gets shifted towards the slab by
2 cm i.e. diameter of eye ball. 1
an amount = t(1 – )
64. Answer (1) μ

Dispersive power will become zero because ⎛ 2⎞

= 3 ⎜1 – ⎟ = 1 cm.
relative refractive index of prism (i.e. refractive ⎝ 3 ⎠
index of prism w.r.t. liquid) will become zero. 71. Answer (1)
65. Answer (2)
μ2 1 μ 2 – μ1
– ⇒
360 360 ∞ x R
n= ⇒θ= = 72º
θ 5 –1 0 .5
⇒ = = x = –30 cm
66. Answer (3) x 15

67. Answer (1) 72. Answer (3)

Eyepiece of the Gallilian telescope is a concave
D D
m=1+ ⇒6=1+ lens.
f f
∴ D = fo – |fe| = 100 – 5 = 95 cm.
25
⇒ f= = 5 cm 73. Answer (4)
5
Now u = – 3 cm 400
xx′ = f2 ⇒ x′ = = 40 cm
10
1 1 1 1 1 1 74. Answer (3)
∴ – = ⇒ + =
v u f v 3 5 75. Answer (2)

1 1 1 1 2 v –1
⇒ = – or =– m= =
v 5 3 v 15 u 2
∴ v = – 7.5 cm –u
∴v=
68. Answer (4) 2

1 1 1
– =
v u f

–2 1 1 –2 – 1 1
or – = ⇒ =
u u 40 u 40
∴ u = –120 cm.
76. Answer (2)

A + δm
i=
2
∴ δm = 2i – A = 2 × 50 – 60 = 40°
77. Answer (4)
69. Answer (2)
μ2 μ μ 2 – μ1
On applying the Snells law on second face – 1 =
v u R

3 sin30º = 1× sin r
1 1 .5 1 – 1 .5 1 1 3
– = ⇒ = –
r = 60º v – 10 – 10 v 20 20
⇒ Deviation = 30° ⇒ v = –10 cm

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Hints & Solutions Ray Optics and Optical Instruments 43
78. Answer (4) 82. Answer (4)
A = r1 + r2 μr
sin c =
for first face μd

1. sin90° = A 1.2 4 θ c
2 sin r1 sin c = =
1.5 5
1 r1 r2 θ
∴ sin r1 = c = 53°
2
π
r1 = 45 ∴ θ= − c = 90° − 53° = 37°
2
Similarly r2 = 45° Since the ray should not enter in the glass slab
∴ A = 45° + 45° = 90° θ ≤ 37°
79. Answer (2) 83. Answer (1)
u = –20 cm 84. Answer (2)
f = –5 cm 85. Answer (1)
1 1 1 86. Answer (3)
= +
f v u
I+e=A+δ
1 1 1
= + 28 + 48 = A + 40
−5 v −20
⇒ A = 36°
−20
v= = −6.67 cm
3 87. Answer (2)
80. Answer (2) 88. Answer (1)
f 2f = 10 ⇒ f = 5 cm
m=
f +u 89. Answer (2)
m1 = −m2
f f
∴ =− θ
f − u1 f − u2
c
u1 + u2 10 + 20
f = = = 15 cm
2 2
81. Answer (1)

R
1 1
c c sin c = =
2m μ 5/4
c 4
sin c =
5
1 1 3 c = 53°
sin c = = =
μ 5/3 5
∴ θ = 90° – 53° = 37°
c = 37°
90. Answer (1)
R
∴ tan37° = μ1 μ2 μ2 − μ1
2 − + =
u v R
3 R
= 1 μ μ −1 P I
4 2 + =
−∞ 2R R
3
∴ R= ⇒ μ = 2μ – 2
2
⇒ μ=2
∴ Diameter of the disc is 3 m.
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44 Ray Optics and Optical Instruments Hints & Solutions

91. Answer (1) 96. Answer (2)

Real depth 1.5
Apparent depth = = = 1 cm
μ 1.5

97. Answer (2)

Cat Cat′ 98. Answer (2)

sin i
15 cm 15 cm =μ
30 cm
sin r
v
1
4 4 sin i = 2 × sin r = 2 × sin30° =
μ1 μ2 μ2 − μ1 −1 2
− + = 1
u v R
⇒ − +3 = 3
−15 v 15 i = 45°
99. Answer (3)
1 4 1 4 1 1
⇒ + = ⇒ = − 100. Answer (1)
15 3v 45 3v 45 15
101. Answer (2)
⇒ v = –30 cm
102. Answer (2)
92. Answer (1)
103. Answer (2)
Condition for achromatic combination is

ω1 –f1
=
ω2 f2
X Y
104. Answer (2)
93. Answer (2)
94. Answer (1)
1 1 1 1 1 1
( 1) (1.5 1) 0.5
f R1 R2 10 20 20
d 1
h 40

d −h f = 40 cm
Apparent depth of fish =
μ
1 1 1 1 1 1
⇒
d +h u v f 20 v 40
Apparent depth of image of fish =
μ
∴ Distance between fish and image 1 1 1 1 2 1
v 40 20 40 40
d +h d −h
= − v = –40 cm
μ μ
v 40
d + h − d + h 2h 2 × 10 × 3 m 2
= = = = 15 cm u 20
μ μ 4
105. Answer (4)
95. Answer (2)
f
m= o Limit of resolution of eye
fe d

fo = mfe = 20 × 4 = 80 cm
y
and
∴ L = fo + fe = 80 + 4 = 84 cm D

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Hints & Solutions Ray Optics and Optical Instruments 45
111. Answer (2)

Eye 112. Answer (2)

θ y
113. Answer (2)

f0
2′
2′
D h
y
∴
D d 2 π h
× =
D 60 180 200
y
d
5000 ×10−10 ×100 h = 0.12 cm
y= = 2.5 ×10−2 m
2 ×10−3
114. Answer (2)
y = 2.5 cm
Microscope is in distinct vision mode
106. Answer (2)
For objective
∠CAB = i – r
uf (–2.5)(2)
C v= = = 10 cm
t u+f –2.5 + 2
AB = B
cos r A r v ⎛ D⎞
i t M = – 0 ⎜1 + ⎟
CB = AB sin(i – r) u0 ⎝ fe ⎠

t 10 ⎛ 25 ⎞
=– 1+ = 20
CB =
cos r
sin( i – r ) 2.5 ⎝ 6.25 ⎟⎠
⎜

115. Answer (1)

107. Answer (1)

f =
R
(Independent of medium) (–2iˆ + 2 ˆj ) m/s (2iˆ + 2 ˆj ) m/s
2
108. Answer (1)
I 0
(R – 0.5)2 + (2.5)2 = R2 
vQ = 2iˆ + 2 ˆj
⇒ 0.25 – R + 6.25 = 0

R and v i = −2iˆ + 2 jˆ
R = 6.5 cm 2.5
  
1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ R – 0.5 ∴ v iQ = v i − vQ = −4iˆ m/s
= (μ – 1) ⎜ – ⎟
f R
⎝ 1 R2 ⎠
116. Answer (2)

⎛ 1 1⎞
A + δm
= (1.5 – 1) ⎜ – ⎟
⎝ 6.5 ∞ ⎠ sin
μ= 2
f = 13 cm A
sin
109. Answer (4) 2

Condition for no emergence

A+A
sin
A > 2θC Or 3= 2 = sin A = 2cos A
A A 2
⎛ 1⎞ sin sin
A > 2 sin–1 ⎜ ⎟ 2 2
⎝μ⎠
110. Answer (2) ∴ A = 60°

fo 117. Answer (3)

= 40, fo + fe = 205
fe Dmin = 4f = 80 cm

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46 Ray Optics and Optical Instruments Hints & Solutions

118. Answer (1) 126. Answer (3)

R R
⎛1 ⎞ fair = and fw =
d = ⎜ –1⎟ f = (10 –1) × (–25) = –225 cm 2(μg − 1) ⎛ μg ⎞
⎝m ⎠ 2⎜ − 1⎟
⎝ μw ⎠
119. Answer (2)
127. Answer (4)
120. Answer (4)
128. Answer (3)
121. Answer (2)
129. Answer (1)
For spherical surface
f 1 f
∵ m= ⇒ =
90 cm f −u n f −u

⇒ u = − ( n − 1) f
O C
130. Answer (1)
Light ray must pass through the centre of mirror f1 ( −f2 ) −f1f2
∵ f = =
μ2 μ1 μ2 – μ1 f1 + ( −f2 ) f1 − f2
– =
v u R We want f = – ve so f1 must be greater than f2.
1.5 1 1.5 –1
– = 131. Answer (2)
v –30 10
For minimum deviation, refracted ray must be
1.5 –1 1 1 parallel to base of prism.
= + =
v 30 20 60
132. Answer (1)
v = 90 cm
Distance = 90 + 20 = 110 cm −v 0 D
∵ m∞ = ×
122. Answer (4) u0 fe

123. Answer (1)

−v 0 25
124. Answer (2) 25 = ×
u0 5
The refracted ray BC will retrace its path if it falls
normally on silvered face PQ, so ∠ PCB = 90° & −v 0 −v 0
∠ PBC = 90° – A ∴ ∠r = A =5 ⇒ u0 = ...(i)
u0 5
sin i sin 2 A
So, μ = = = 2 cos A
∵ L∞ = v 0 + fe
sin r sin A
P
14 = v 0 + 5

A C v0 = 9 ...(ii)
B
2A A −9
then u0 =
5
u0 = −1.8 cm
Q
133. Answer (2)
125. Answer (1)
Two slabs will shift the image by −fo
∵ M∞ =
fe
⎛ 1⎞
d = 2 ⎜ 1– ⎟ t 134. Answer (3)
⎝ μ ⎠
μ = tani
⎛ 1 ⎞
= 2 ⎜ 1– ⎟ 1.5 = 1 cm toward slab
⎝ 1.5 ⎠ 135. Answer (2)

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Hints & Solutions Ray Optics and Optical Instruments 47
136. Answer (2) 5 h
= ⇒ h = 2.5 cm
40 20
∵ δ = 360 − 2θ
143. Answer (4)
300 = 360 – 2θ
Wimage = 2Wmirror
⇒ θ = 30°
Vimage
360 = 2×5
then n = − 1 = 11 r
30
⇒ Vimage = 10 × 5 2
137. Answer (2)
⇒ Vimage = 50 2 m/s
15 m/s 15 m/s 144. Answer (4)
O I
90º
Mirror
Image will also move towards the mirror with 60º
90°–θc θc
velocity 15 m/s.
138. Answer (4)
fo 200
MPmin = = = 40
fe 5 From Snell’s law
139. Answer (1)
3
⎡ ⎛ 1 ⎞⎤ = μ cos θC
2
(1 − m ) ⎢1 − ⎜ − 4 ⎟ ⎥
u=f = 30 × ⎢ ⎝ ⎠ ⎥ = –150 cm
3 ⎛ 1 ⎞
m ⎢ −1 ⎥ = μ2 ⎜1 − 2 ⎟
⎢ 4 ⎥⎦ 4 ⎝ μ ⎠
⎣
140. Answer (2) 7
μ=
At minimum deviation ray passes symmetrically 2
through the prism. 145. Answer (4)
146. Answer (2)
60°
df f −f 0.5 − 0.484
ω= = R V = = 0.032
f fR + fV 0.5 + 0.484
60°
i 2 2
30°
147. Answer (1)
P = P1 + P2 – dP1P2
sin i
= 2 148. Answer (1)
sin30

1 A + δm 60° + δm
or sin i = 2 sin(30) = sin sin
2 2 2
μ= or 1.5 =
A sin30°
or i = 45° sin
2
141. Answer (4)
∴ δm = 38°
142. Answer (2)
149. Answer (2)
5 cm
20 cm 1 1
RP ∝ and λ ∝
h λ V
40 cm 40 cm
eye ∴ RP ∝ V

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48 Ray Optics and Optical Instruments Hints & Solutions

150. Answer (4) 159. Answer (1)

Large value of wavelength, then large the value 160. Answer (4)
of critical angle. 161. Answer (4)
151. Answer (1) Because in displacement method,

1 1 I1 v
− =P =0 M1 = = ← For position L1
v u O u
I2 u
∴v=u M2 = = ← For position L2
O v
152. Answer (3)
then M1 × M2 = 1
153. Answer (2)
162. Answer (1)
1 1 1 1
= + − 163. Answer (2)
f f1 f2 f1f2
For objective lens For eye piece
f +f d
⇒ 0= 2 1− 1 1 1
f1f2 f1f2 U = – 2.5 cm – =
⇒ d = f1 + f2 v e ue fe

154. Answer (2)

1 1 1
fo = 2 cm + =
t sin ( i − r ) –25 ue 5
L= if i is small, cos r = 1 and
cos r v0 = ?
sin(i – r) = i – r
25
v 0 = 10 cm ue =
sin i 6
i.e., L = t(i – r), Also, μ =
sin μ
L = v 0 + ue
(both are small, so sin i ≅ i, sin r ≅ r ) ∴ i = μr

⎛ i ⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ 25
⇒ L = t ⎜ i − ⎟ = ti ⎜ 1 − ⎟ L = 10 +
μ μ 6
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
155. Answer (3) = 10 + 4.2
156. Answer (2) = 14.2 cm
f −12 −12 4 164. Answer (2)
∵ m= = = = = 1.33
f − u −12 + 3 −9 3 165. Answer (4)
i.e., image is virtual and erect.
157. Answer (3) 60°
m = m1 × m 2 × m3 = 3 × 3 × 3 = 27
e = 90°
158. Answer (2) r1 r2

O I 15 cm 5 cm
1 × sin 90° = 2 × sin r1
r1 = 30°

1 1 1 r2 = 30°
1 1 1 − =
∵ − = ⇒
v u f −15 u −20 2 × sin 30° = 1 × sin e
⇒ u = – 60 cm away from lens. sin e = 1 ⇒ e = 90°

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Hints & Solutions Ray Optics and Optical Instruments 49
166. Answer (3) 168. Answer (2)
fo 100
MP = = = 100
fe 1
°
30 30° 169. Answer (3)
n′ = nμ

a SECTION - B
tanθ =
g
1. Answer (4)

2 sin 30 ° = 1 × sin γ 2. Answer (4)

In mirrors, refraction does not occur.
γ = 45°
3. Answer (1)
δ = 45° – 30° = 15°
4. Answer (1)
167. Answer (1)
5. Answer (2)
1 1 1
For objective – = 6. Answer (4)
v –1.8 1.5
7. Answer (1)
∴ v = + 9 cm 8. Answer (3)
L = v + fe 9. Answer (1)
=9+5 10. Answer (3)
= 14 cm 11 . Answer (3)

  

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