A PROPOSED PROJECT: DESIGN AND EXTENSION OF SEAWALL IN BARANGAY

CAMPO ISLAM, ZAMBOANGA CITY

In Partial Fulfillmentof the Requirements of the Course

(CE Project I)

For the Degree Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

First Semester, School Year 2018-2019

________________________________________________________________

ENGR. EDABEL JANE R. FALCASANTOS

Subject Adviser

Booc , Leo B.

Encinas, Reuben Vale P.

Guevara, Rostom C.

Sampang, Junboy A.

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 Table of Contents

Page

Acknowledgement iii

Abstract iv

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study 3

1.2 Statement of the Problem 4

1.3 Objectives of the study 4

1.4 Significance of the Study 5

1.5 Scope and Delimitations 6

1.6 Definition of Terms 6

Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Related Literature 9

2.2 Conceptual Framework 13

Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Environment 14

3.2 Research Design 15

3.3 Site Visit 15

3.4 Equipment and Materials 15

3.4 Design Procedures 16

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Coastal flooding and other damage due to tidal wave action is a problem faced by all

the coastal pollution in different parts of the world. This problem calls for protection of

houses, cultivable, lands, valuable properties, monuments and etc. in the coastal belt. The

solution to this problem involves scientific analysis of the same with a view of devise

methods for preventing and minimizing the damage due to inundation caused by the

destructive forces of the waves.

It is well known that the storm surge is the one of the problem in coastal areas that

caused damages due to action of waves in addition to the currents setup by the oblique attack

of waves. Coastal flooding is present in the most of Zamboanga City’s coastal areas. The

Barangay Campo Islam in Zamboanga city 4.50 kilometers from the city proper with a

population nearly 20,000 people according to Zamboanga Asia’s Latin City official website,

the barangay had severe experienced from the past years caused by the Typhoon Vinta. As

the years progress without barrier against the destructive forces of the waves, the problem

became worst and more destructive related problems arise.

Due to this problem, a seawall was constructed within a range of 240 meters. The

researchers have conducted an investigation for extension and seawall design in the coastline

of Barangay Campo Islam, Zamboanga City for the remaining 200 meters. This study has

determined the purpose of design seawall under the suggested study. Seawalls are hard

engineered structures with a primary function to prevent further erosion of the shoreline

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 (Linham and Nicholls, 2010). Seawalls are usually on shore structures along the coastline

that serve to protect the landward area against severe damage from wave action; damage such

as flooding due to storm surge and erosion (Arthur L.C. Antoine).

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to design under structural of Design and Extension seawall in Barangay

Campo Islam, Zamboanga City.

1. What is the purpose of design seawall in Barangay Campo Islam, Zamboanga city as

recommended by the Department of Public Works in Highways (DPWH) and

National Building Code of the Philippines .?

2. On the basis of the requirements for design in seawall by using the sample

AUTOCAD, what are the simple data needed in accordance with the provision in the

National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP). ?

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main objective of constructing seawall is to protect the structures or properties along

the shore from being hit by the waves coming from the sea. This proposed project is located

at Campo Islam, Zamboanga city.

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 The attempts to:

1. To

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The results of the current project would help to correct the design of seawall in Barangay

Campo Islam that will protect properties and houses near the shoreline from coastal erosion

and other destructive forces, to obtain peaceful, comfortable, and protection for those people

who lived near the coastal areas. The results of the investigation would provide some insights

and information for the people who lived in the coastal areas in the barangay.

The following would greatly benefit from the study:

 Civil Engineers. This study may provide information to the Civil Engineers who will be

assigned to build the said structure at coastal area in Barangay Campo Islam, Zamboanga

City.

 Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) and Local Government in

Barangay Campo Islam, Zamboanga City. This would be a reference for their future

projects and coastal development in the area. This would be a basis for projects such as

coastal road, fishing port and others.

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  Coastal Communities. This study would aid in the future projects of the local

government in barangay for minimizing the damages due to heavy waves, coastal floods,

coastal erosion and making it accessible to the coastal communities. And to obtain

peaceful, safety, and comfortable habitation.

 Future Researches. The results of the study would guide future researches in their study

and enrich their knowledge and skills in the area. The study would aid their outlook on

community involvement.

1.5 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study focuses only the design extension of seawall located at Barangay Campo

Islam, Zamboanga City with a length of 200 meters.

The study was not involved the cost estimate of the proposed project only the design.

1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Armour unit – large quarrystone or special concrete shape use as primary wave protection.

Beach - by common usage, the zone where connection between land and water that extends

landward from the lowest water line.

Breastwork – timber structure generally parallel to the coast.

Bulkhead – structural partition within a seawall

Coastal process – collective term covering the action of natural forces on the coastline.

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Coast protection – works to protect land against erosion by the sea.

Deep water – water so deep that waves are little affected by the bottom. Generally, water

deeper than one half the surface wave length is considered to be deep water.

Design storm – seawalls will often be designed to withstand wave attack by the extreme

design storm.

Erosion - the removal of material by the action of natural forces.

Flood wall – a wall, retired from the seaward edge of the seawall crest to prevent water from

flowing onto the land behind.

Foreshore – the part of the shore lying between mean high water and mean low water.

Freeboard - the height of structure above still water level.

Overtopping – water passing over the top of the seawall.

Porous – cladding that allows rapid movement of water into and out of it during wave action.

Recurved - the concave face of a wall designed to throw back the waves (thrown-back).

Reflected wave – a wave that is returned seaward when a wave impinges on a beach.

Replacement – process of demolition and reconstruction.

Revetment – a cladding of stone, concrete or other material used to protect the sloping

surface of an embankment.

Rip-rap – well-graded quarry stone normally used as a protective layer to prevent erosion.

Rubble mound structure – a mound of random-shaped and random-placed stones.

Run-down – the seaward return of the water following run-up.

Run-up – the rush of water up a structure or beach as a result of wave action.

Significant wave height – the average height of the highest one third of the waves in a given

sea state.

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Significant wave period – an arbitrary period generally taken as the period of one of the

highest waves within a given sea state.

Still water level – water level which would exist in the absence of waves.

Storm surge – a change in water level on the open coast due to the action of wind stress as

well as atmospheric pressure on the sea surface.

Surf zone – the area between the seaward most breaker and the limit of wave run-up.

Swell (waves) – wind-generated waves that have travelled out of their generating area.

Wall – a timber , quarrystone , or concrete structure wall that protect the coastal area against

the destructive wave force.

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 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

“A sea wall is defined as a structure whose primary purpose is either protection

against erosion, the alleviation of flooding, or a combination of both, in which wave action plays

a dominant role”

2.1 RELATED LITERATURE

(Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA))

Coastal erosion is natural process along the world’s coastlines that occurs through the

action of currents and waves and results in the loss of sediment in some places and accretion in

others. Erosion rates tend to be higher in areas where soft substrates (e.g. sandstone or mudstone)

are the dominant geological type rather than hard substrates such as basalt or granite. Despite the

differences in erosion potential along the world’s coastlines, there has been a dramatic increase

in coastal erosion over the last two decades and this is expected to continue as sea level rises and

storm frequency and severity increase. Rather than occurring over the same time scale with sea

level rise, erosion of beaches and coastal cliffs is expected to occur in large bursts during storm

events as a result of increased wave height and storm intensity. (Center For Ocean Solution).

Seawall are vertical or near shore-parallel structures designed to prevent upland erosion

and storm surge flooding. Seawalls are generally massive concrete structures emplaced along a

considerable stretch of shoreline at urban beaches. The term “sea wall” is commonly used to

described a variety of shoreline armouring structures including revetments. (Surfrider

Foundation, 2014).

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 The many types in use today reflect both the varying physical forces they are designed to

withstand, and location specific aspects, such as: local climate, coastal position, wave regime,

and value of landform. Seawalls are classified as a hard engineering shore based structure used to

provide protection and to lessen coastal erosion. However, a range of environmental problems

and issues may arise from the construction of a seawall, including disrupting sediment movement

and transport patterns, which are discussed in more detail below. Combined with a high

construction cost, this has led to an increasing use of other soft engineering coastal management

options such as beach replenishment.

A seawall works by reflecting incident wave energy back into the sea, thereby reducing

the energy and erosion which the coastline would otherwise be subjected to. In addition to their

unsightly visual appearance, two specific weaknesses of seawalls exist. Firstly, wave reflection

induced by the wall may result in scour and subsequent lowering of the sand level of the fronting

beach. Secondly, seawalls may accelerate erosion of adjacent, unprotected coastal areas because

they affect the littoral drift process. The design and type of seawall that is appropriate depends

on aspects specific to the location, including the surrounding erosion processes.

The design and type of seawall that is appropriate depends on aspects specific to the

location, including the surrounding erosion processes. There are three main types of seawalls:

1. Vertical seawalls

Vertical seawalls are built in particularly exposed situations. These reflect wave

energy. Under storm conditions a non-breaking standing wave pattern can form, resulting

in a stationary clapotic wave which moves up and down but does not travel horizontally.

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 These waves promote erosion at the toe of the wall and can cause severe damage to the

sea wall.

2. Curved or stepped seawalls

Curved or stepped seawalls are designed to enable waves to break to dissipate

wave energy and to repel waves back to the sea. The curve can also prevent the wave

overtopping the wall and provides additional protection for the toe of the wall.

3. Mound type seawalls

Mound type seawalls, using revetments or riprap, are used in less demanding

settings where lower energy erosional processes operate. The least exposed sites involve

the lowest-cost bulkheads and revetments of sand bags or geotextiles. These Serve to

armour the shore and minimize erosion and may be either watertight or porous, which

allows water to filter through after the wave energy has been dissipated.

(Wikipedia, 2014)

The engineer or designer should normally address the wave forces, toe scour, wave

overtopping and storm scourge as the design consideration for seawalls. If a wall is damaged or

deteriorated, the original design may not have accounted for the above-listed design

considerations. Original or “as-built” plans can provide a wealth of information including the age

of the structure and many of the design elements listed in the above paragraphs. The deteriorated

condition of a wall may also be an indication that the wall is in need of maintenance, or that it

has fulfilled its service life.

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 In structural seawall evaluation, the following topics are covered in the AISC Manual:

qualification of inspection personnel, types and methods of inspections, typical forms of

deterioration, condition rating, and frequency of inspection.

The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)

The materials that are used to construct sea walls include concrete and metal rods. Also,

stones and small boulders are also used in some areas in order to keep the surface of the coastline

before the sea wall actually begins – facing the sea – coarse, so that the intensity of the wave

starts to decelerate because of such blockages. Hence, keeping in mind the materials used for the

purpose of construction of sea walls, it becomes important and relevant to note any signs of wear

and tear which may cause to hamper the utility of the sea wall.

Seawalls are extremely utilitarian and since in these times, the threat of tsunami has

increase substantially, it becomes important to build such preventive structures in order to lessen

the menace of such natural calamities and to assure the people of their safety through a very

visible, physically demonstrative and effective barrier. (KARANC, 2010)

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2.2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Reconnaissance of the Propose seawall design located at Barangay Campo Islam,

Zamboanga City

Data Gathering

Conduct an investigation through

Acquisition of the readily available Survey by the said location

existed information and data

Computation, tabulation and organization of

data

Evaluation of obtained results

Conclusions and recommendations on the evaluated

intersection

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 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes the methods and procedures will be applying in the collection and

analysing of data, designing, and interpretation of the result. This proposed project will be

designed with the help as provided in R.S. Thomas and B Hall’s “Seawall Design” (1992) book

as a guideline.

3.1 RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT

The site of the proposed project is located in Barangay Campo Islam, Zamboanga City

which is 4.5 kilometers away from the city proper. In the mentioned location, there is a 240

meters existing seawall and the researchers proposed to have an extension of this existing

seawall with a length of 200 meters.

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3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN

The research design used for this study is case-study design. Its purpose was to apply the

variety of methodologies and rely on a variety sources to investigate the research problem at the

coastal area of Barangay Campo Islam, Zamboanga City.

3.3 SITE VISIT

The researchers will visit the project location to see the site itself and to gather additional

information which will be applied in the preparation of the proposal. Also, one reason why the

researchers visit to the location was to have opportunity to check the condition of the existing

seawall for them to be able to discover whether there is a need of redesigning of the plan and if

this happens, the people who are involved in this project proposal will immediately consider the

additional input to the proposed seawall.

3.4 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

The research generally involved field investigation. The researchers gathered primary

data by surveying. Interviews with the barangay officials were conducted for access of data

which cannot be gathered by the field investigation alone. Interviews were the validation of

gathered data by the researchers.

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 3.5 DESIGN PROCEDURES

This study is usually step needed to design and develop an adequate seawall design as

follow:

a. Determine the water level range for the site.

b. Determine the wave heights.

c. Determine the beach profile after storm condition.

d. Select the suitable armour unit type and size to resist the design wave.

e. Design for toe protection.

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