NATIONAL UNIVERSITY PEDRO RUÍZ GALLO

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING CHEMICAL AND INDUSTRIES

FOOD

PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

ELABORATION OF BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS

OBTAINED FROM POTATO STARCH TO
MINIMIZE THE GENERATION OF PLASTIC
RESIDUES
TEACHER : Miss. Soni Guevara Encalada

CURSE : English

STUDENTS : Pérez Rafael Nilver

Sausa Burga Lílibeth Lucia

LAMBAYEQUE, AUGUST, 2018

 GRATEFULNESS:
Our teacher Soni Guevara Encalada for the knowledge she gives us in our university
education with the sole aim of being better and learning the English language in the
best way, for her attention in each of the academic developments that help us in the
Training as future professionals.
 DEDICATION
To our parents and our brothers for the support and trust placed in us, always
supporting us in everything, always giving us the encouragement in each difficulty
and for the sacrifice that they make because every day we go forward and with its
principles to get ahead with each obstacle that is Put in the way and give us the
encouragement not to surrender in each proposed goal and inculcate its values to
be a good and to be better people in the society.
 INDICE
INDICE…………………………………………………………. 4
I. PROBLEM FORMULATION…………………………………………5
II. GENERAL OBJETIVE………………………………………………..5
III. HYPOTHESIS………………………………………………………....5
IV. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE………………………………………….6
V. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK……………………………………...6
VI. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………7
VII. ANTECEDENTS OF THE INVESTIGATION……………………….8
VIII. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN…………………………………………...8
IX. PROCESS………………………………………………………………9
X. CONCLUSIONS………………………………………………………..10
XI. BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………..10
XII. GRAMMAR SENTENCES……………………………………………..11
 ELABORATION OF BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS OBTAINED
FROM POTATO STARCH TO MINIMIZE THE GENERATION OF
PLASTIC RESIDUES

I. PROBLEM FORMULATION:
Generation of large amounts of solid waste formed by plastic containers.

II. GENERAL OBJETIVE:

Preparation of biodegradable plastics obtained from potato starch in order to

minimize the generation of plastic waste.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

• Develop biodegradable plastics from potato starches

• Characterize the properties of biodegradable plastics to observe to what extent
the generation of plastic waste can be minimized.

III. HYPOTHESIS

Making biodegradable plastics from potato starches can help minimize the
generation of plastic waste and reduce pollution
 IV. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

The biodegradable plastic

V. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Pollution by plastics

How long it takes the plastic to degrade?

The plastic has been polluting for centuries

It is estimated that plastic takes between 100 and 1,000 years to decompose, so it
is considered a very slow and long-term decomposition material. A plastic bottle
takes half an average of 500 years to disintegrate, although if it is buried this time it
lasts longer.

Biological degradation:

Biodegradable plastics can be biologically degraded by microorganisms to give rise

to molecules with low molecular weight.
 VI. INTRODUCTION

The present investigation consists in the elaboration of biodegradable plastics with

potato starch to minimize the generation of plastic waste.
In the present project we can observe the problems caused by synthetic plastics and
the possibility of developing ecological improvements with the use of biodegradable
plastic products.
 VII. ANTECEDENTS OF THE INVESTIGATION

7.1 BIOPLASTIC BASED ON THE BANANA HUB:

Basically the project consisted in the extraction of the starch contained in the
banana peels, which are considered agricultural residues, to be used as raw
material for the production of bioplastics, in recent years, they have concentrated
on reducing production costs and increasing the productivity using various
strategies.

7.2 OBTENTION OF A BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER FROM CORN

STARCH:
This research proposes a method of obtaining (at a laboratory scale) a bioplastic
from corn starch, which is a renewable natural resource. These are completely
degraded into compounds that do not harm the environment: water, carbon dioxide
and humus.

VIII. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

MATERIALS
1) 2 chopped potatoes
2) Water
3) Sodium bicarbonate
4) Vinegar
5) 100% vegetable glycerin
6) Spoons
7) Plastic spatulas
8) Non-stick pans
9) 2 sheets of aluminum foil
10) Blender
 IX. PROCESS

1. - First we are going to started Chopping the potato, we then liquefy the potato
with half a cup of water at maximum speed.
Next the mixture is passed through a colander, we extract all the water and as a
result the potato starch (white flour) remains.

2.-Then take a tablespoon of potato starch and 7 tablespoons of water, for each
tablespoon of potato starch add 7 tablespoons of water then add 1 tablespoon of
vegetable glycerin, the tablespoon of white vinegar and a small spoonful of baking
soda .We begin to mix until it is a homogeneous mixture.

3. - The mixture will be to moderate heat, and is constantly stirring, we can

appreciate that it became a plasmatic mass, after this two tablespoons of water is
added and it keeps stirring until the water is consumed and a homogeneous
mixture is formed.

4.- now we should mold, add the homogeneous mixture on top of the aluminum
and stretch it as if forming a sheet, for drying we can take it to the sun or for better
results take it to an oven at 60 ° C for one or two hours and the plastic will have a
drying Quick.

5. - As a final result we have had a super resistant plastic somewhat dark by the
natural color of the ingredients.
 X. CONCLUSIONS

• We obtained biodegradable plastic as a result of the use of potato starch, since it

has essential characteristics to obtain non-polluting biodegradable products, as it is
an organic product.

• Because the biodegradable plastic is made of organic material that comes from
renewable sources such as potato starch, which at the end of its useful life, when
disposed of as waste, it decomposes in a short period of time in the presence of
microorganisms, serving as organic fertilizer for the plants, which will generate a
great impact in the reduction of contamination.

• Glycerin can be used as a plasticizer because it provides characteristics such as

fluidity to the polymer during its manufacture and flexibility at the time of
polymerization.

• Samples that show better physical properties are those that use potato starch as
raw material.

• It was found that bioplastics are 100% biodegradable, that is, they do not require
an additional agent for their degradation process.

XI. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Preparation of biodegradable plastics
 XII. grammar sentences

biodegradable plastic is being created

Present to be

they were polluting the environment with plastic

Past to be

bioplastics generates less pollution

Present simple

two tablespoons of water is added and it keeps stirring until

Past simple the water is consumed and a homogeneous mixture is
formed.

the plastic industry is developing rapidly

Present continuos

previously plastic was being made with banana and corn

Past continuos waste

First we are going to started Chopping the potato

Future going to

The mixture will be to moderate heat,

Future will

Modal Auxiliary now we should mold

Present Perfect As a final result we have had a super
resistant plastic
Present Perfect continuos the plastic has been polluting for
centuries

Past perfect continuos it has been testing with several inputs

for bioplastics

Future perfect the potato will have been cut before

liquefying
Future perfect Continuos we will have had a 100%
biodegradable product, working with
potato