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FACULTY: ENGINEERING EDITION:

TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: HEAT AND MASS
REVISION NO:
TRANSFERS

EXPERIMENT: THERMAL EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013


CONDUCTIVITY OF INSULATING
POWDERS UNIT AMENDMENT
DATE:
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

HEAT AND MASS TRANSFERS LABORATORY


LABORATORY INSTRUCTION SHEETS

COURSE CODE BNQ 20204


EXPERIMENT NO. EXPERIMENT 4

EXPERIMENT TITLE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF INSULATING POWDERS

DATE
GROUP NO.
LECTURER/INSTRUCTOR/ 1)
TUTOR 2)
DATE OF REPORT
SUBMISSION
ATTENDANCE/PARTICIPATION/DISCIPLINE: /5%
INTRODUCTION: /5%
PROCEDURE: /5%
RESULTS& CALCULATIONS /15%
ANALYSIS /15%
DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS
FOR LABORATORY DISCUSSIONS: /20%
REPORT: ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS /15%
CONCLUSION /10%
SUGGESTIONS& RECOMENDATIONS /5%
REFERENCES: /5%
TOTAL: /100%

EXAMINER COMMENTS: RECEIVED DATE AND STAMP:


FACULTY: ENGINEERING EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: HEAT AND MASS
REVISION NO:
TRANSFERS

EXPERIMENT: THERMAL EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013


CONDUCTIVITY OF INSULATING
POWDERS UNIT AMENDMENT

KOD ETIKA PELAJAR DATE:

(KEP)
JABATAN TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN KIMIA

FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN

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Ketua Nama:

Kumpulan No. Matriks:

(Tandatangan)

Ahli 1 Nama:

No. Matriks:

(Tandatangan)

Ahli 2 Nama:

No. Matriks:

(Tandatangan)

Ahli 3 Nama:

No. Matriks:

(Tandatangan)

Ahli 4 Nama:

No. Matriks:

(Tandatangan)
FACULTY: ENGINEERING EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: HEAT AND MASS
REVISION NO:
TRANSFERS

EXPERIMENT: THERMAL EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013


CONDUCTIVITY OF INSULATING
POWDERS UNIT AMENDMENT
DATE:

1.0 OBJECTIVE
To determine experimentally the thermal conductivity of several insulating powders.

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

Construct the model of conduction, convection, radiation, diffusion and mass convection
effectively.

3.0 INTRODUCTION / THEORY

Material such as kaolin, magnesium oxide and mica have very low thermal conductivity
which means that only a small amount of heat will pass through the material even though a
high temperature difference may exist across it. Such materials are known as thermal
insulators and practically utilized in situations where it is required to reduce heat losses
from a hot body to the atmosphere.

Consider a cylinder of internal radius r1, and external radius r2 as shown in fig 2. Let the
inside and outside surface temperatures be T1 and T2, respectively.

Consider the heat flow through a small element, thickness dr at any radius r where the
temperature is T. Let the conductivity of the material be k. Then, for unit length in the
axial direction, we have

q = - kAdT / dx = - k (2πr x 1) dT / dr
i.e., q dr / r = - 2πkdT
Integrating between the inside and outside surfaces.
𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑇
𝑞 ∫𝑟 2 = −2𝜋𝑘 ∫𝑇 2 𝑑𝑇
1 𝑟 1

(where q and k are both constant).


𝑟
𝑞 ln 𝑟2 = −2𝜋𝑘(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ) = 2𝜋𝑘(𝑇1 − 𝑇2 )
1
2𝜋𝑘(𝑇1 −𝑇2 )
𝑞= 𝑟
ln 2
𝑟1
𝑟
𝑞 ln 2
𝑟1
So, 𝑘=
2𝜋(𝑇1 −𝑇2 )

Where q is determined from the digital power indicator, while T1 and T2 are determined
from the digital temperature indicator.
FACULTY: ENGINEERING EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: HEAT AND MASS
REVISION NO:
TRANSFERS

EXPERIMENT: THERMAL EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013


CONDUCTIVITY OF INSULATING
POWDERS UNIT AMENDMENT
DATE:

4.0 EQUIPMENTS & MATERIALS

Figure 1: Assembly view of Thermal Conductivity of Insulating Powders Unit HE157

1 Cartridge Heater 7 Power Indicator


2 Teflon seal1 8 Thermocouple Selector
3 Outer cylinder 9 Heater Power Adjustment
4 Temperature Indicator 10 Main Switch
5 Heater Temperature 11 Heater Switch
Controller
6 Thermocouple Socket Panel 12 Heater Socket
FACULTY: ENGINEERING EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: HEAT AND MASS
REVISION NO:
TRANSFERS

EXPERIMENT: THERMAL EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013


CONDUCTIVITY OF INSULATING
POWDERS UNIT AMENDMENT
DATE:

Figure 2: Thermal Conductivity of Insulating Powders Test Module


FACULTY: ENGINEERING EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: HEAT AND MASS
REVISION NO:
TRANSFERS

EXPERIMENT: THERMAL EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013


CONDUCTIVITY OF INSULATING
POWDERS UNIT AMENDMENT
DATE:

5.0 PROCEDURE

1.0 Plug the thermocouple connector for the kaolin test module into the appropriate sockets
located at the side of the control panel.
2.0 Set heater power knob to zero. Switch on the main switch.
3.0 Set the maximum operating temperature on the temperature controller to 200°C. (Refer
section 2.2(b) on how to set the temperature controller set point)
4.0 Plug in the six thermocouple male connectors for the test module into the appropriate
female connectors on the control panel.
5.0 Increase the heater power to the desired level, Q1.

6.0 Run for a period of time allowing the unit to reach steady state condition.
7.0 Press the appropriate thermocouple selector to display the temperature readings.
8.0 When stable, record the temperature readings for T1,1, T1,2, T1,3, T2,1, T2,2, and T2,3 from the
digital indicator.
9.0 Repeat steps 5 to 8 for higher heater power, Q2 and Q3.
10.0 Repeat the above steps for magnesium oxide and mica test module.
11.0 Set heater power knob to zero. Switch off the main switch.
12.0 The thermal conductivity of the insulating powders may then be readily calculated.

r
r1
r2
dr
T1

T2

Figure 1: Heat transfer through a cylinder.


FACULTY: ENGINEERING EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: HEAT AND MASS
REVISION NO:
TRANSFERS

EXPERIMENT: THERMAL EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013


CONDUCTIVITY OF INSULATING
POWDERS UNIT AMENDMENT
DATE:

1.1 Results

Insulation Material T1 T2
T1,1 T1,2 T1,3 T1ave. T2,1 T2,2 T2,3 T2ave.
Kaolin
Magnesium Oxide
Mica

Heat input, Q = __15____W


Inner radius, r1 = _10.23 ___cm
Outer radius, r2 = __15.9____cm

Insulation Material k
(W/mK)
Kaolin
Magnesium Oxide
Mica

1.2 Calculation
The thermal conductivity k of each insulation material can be calculated from the
following equation:
𝑟
𝑞𝑖 ln 𝑟2
1
𝑘=
2𝜋(𝑇1𝑎𝑣𝑒. − 𝑇2𝑎𝑣𝑒. )𝐿
FACULTY: ENGINEERING EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: HEAT AND MASS
REVISION NO:
TRANSFERS

EXPERIMENT: THERMAL EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013


CONDUCTIVITY OF INSULATING
POWDERS UNIT AMENDMENT
DATE:

6.0 DATA ANALYSIS

Inner radius, r1 = 10.23 cm


Outer radius, r2 = 15.9 cm
Length of cylinder, L = 16.5 cm

Insulation Material T1 T2 Heat input, Q


T1,1 T1,2 T1,3 T1ave. T2,1 T2,2 T2,3 T2ave.
Kaolin
Magnesium Oxide
Mica

Insulation Material k
(W/mK)
Kaolin
Magnesium Oxide
Mica

7.0 DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSION

1. Compare the k values obtained from experiment with the typical values for kaolin,
magnesium oxide and mica contained in tables of published data.
The available published data for k at temperature approximately 200°C are:
(a) Kaolin : 0.0865 W/mK
(b) Magnesium oxide : 0.0796 W/mK
(c) Mica : 0.71 W/mK

2. Discuss on the influence which insulators have upon the conduction of heat. How
good are these materials as an insulator?
FACULTY: ENGINEERING EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: HEAT AND MASS
REVISION NO:
TRANSFERS

EXPERIMENT: THERMAL EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013


CONDUCTIVITY OF INSULATING
POWDERS UNIT AMENDMENT
DATE:

Approved by / Disahkan oleh :


Prepared by / Disahkan oleh:

Signature / Tandatangan :
Signature/Tandatangan:
Name / Nama : DR. NOOR AKHMAZILLAH
Name/Nama: DR. NOR FAIZAH BINTI RAZALI
BINTI MOHD FAUZI
Date/Tarikh :
Date / Tarikh :

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