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Problem #1
x 10500 psi, Tensile
y 5500 psi
xy 4000 psi
3 0
Principal stresses:
2
x y x y
1, 2 xy2
2 2
Substitute values from above yields:
1 11444 psi
2 6444 psi
The maximum shear stress is determined by these two principal stresses as:
Max( max,12 , max,13 , max,23 )
1 2 3 2 3
max,12 max,1,3 1 max,23
2 2 2
11444 6444
max 8944 psi
2
Note that the other maximum shear stresses are less than this value.
Problem #2
The total strain is:
L 0.05
total t 0.0005
L 100
This total strain is equal to:
F
t M T T
EA
Substituting:
t 0.0005
E 30 * 10 6
A 1
6.5 * 10 6
T 100
and solving for F we get:
F=4500 lbs
The stress is 4500 psi compressive.
Problem #3
2000 lb
6 ft
Q
20000 lb
4.5 ft 4.5 ft
The 2000 lbs creates a bending stress at Q that is tensile and is equal to:
Mzy
x
Iz
Where
M z 2000 * 4.5 * 12
d
y 2
2
d 4
Iz
64
Substituting into the bending formula, we get
x 17188 psi
The stress due to the axial load is compressive and is equal to:
F 20000
x' 1591 psi
A ( 2) 2
The total stress is:
17188 1591 15600
Problem #4
D a
c
b 7/8
y
3/8
1.5
Location of centeroid:
Ay 2 Aa y a Ab y b
1.125 y 2(.375)(.75) .375(.5)
y 0.667
The area moment of inertia:
I z 2I a I b
1
Ia (.25)(1.5) 3 .375(.75 .667) 2
12
1
Ib (1.5)(.25) 3 .375(.667 .375 .125) 2
12
The answer is:
I z 0.158 in 4
The stress at D is:
M z c 10000 * (0.833)
57200 psi
Iz 0.158
note that c=1.50.667=0.833
Problem #5: Curved beam
The neutral axis radius is:
r r 42
rn o i 2.8854
ln(ro / ri ) ln( 4 )
2
The stress at inner radius (critical point) is:
M (rn ri ) 30000(2.8854 2)
i 57945 psi
eAri (3 2.8854)(2)(2)
There is also an axial stress of 5000 psi acting on the crosssection making
the total stress become
total 62945 psi
Problem #6: Torsional stresses
The maximum torsional shear stress is:
Tr 16T 16(2000 * 6 *12)
11460 psi
J d 3 (4)3
Form Problem # 3, the normal stress on the surface is 15600 psi. The state
of stress is shown below:
xy
x
The principal stresses are calculated as before using:
2
x
1, 2 x xy2 21662 and 6062 psi
2 2
The maximum shear stress at point Q is:
21662 6062
max 13860 psi
2
Problem #7
30”
20”
The forces in the upper portion (Fu) and lower portion (FL) are:
KU KL
FU F FL F
KU K L KU K L
Where
EA EA
KU and KL
30 20
Substituting into the force expressions:
1
30 2
FU F (800) 320 lbs
1 1 5
30 20
3
FL F 480
5
The maximum stress is (480/0.5)=960 psi
Problem #8
4 ft 6 ft
The torque is divided according to torsional stiffnesses. In this case the left
supports picks us (6/10)=0.6 of the torque and the right support takes 0.4 of
the torque.
Problem #9
ybar
Crosssection
yc
The stress is
VQ
IZb
Finding the centroid is as before:
2 * 4 * (2 4 1)
y 3.5
2(2 * 4)
The area moment of inertia is:
1 1
I ( 2)(4) 3 ( 2)(4)(3.5 2) 2 ( 4)(2) 3 ( 2)(4)(5 3.5) 2 49.3
12 12
Q is
Q ( 2)(4)(5 3.5) 12
and
VQ V (12)
11 V 90.4 lbs
I Z b 49.3(2)
Problem #10
Y
VQ 250 * (1 * 6)(4.5)
11 .8 psi
IZb 285.6(2)
Problem #11
For this thinwalled tube:
T 200 *1000
34.6 Mpa
2 At 2(38 * 38) 2
The angle of rotation is:
TSL 200 *1000 * ( 4 * 38) * 50 *10
2
0.011 rad
4 A Gt 4(38 * 38) 2 * 79 *103 * 2
0.66 deg .
Problem #12
The critical point is the inner radius. The tangential stress is:
P P
Pi ri 2 Po ro2 ri 2 ro2 o 2 i
t r
ro ri
2 2
Setting r=ri and Pi=0 we get
2ro2 2(0.875) 2
t Po 11200 * 45733 psi
ro2 ri 2 0.8752 0.6252
The state of stress is simple – just this tangential stress which is also the
principal stress. From theory, we know that there are no shear stresses on
these surfaces when the stress element in oriented with radial edges.
x
The factor of safety is:
57000
SF 1.25
45733
Problem #S13
The critical point is the inner radius. Using the formula:
3 r 2 r 2 1 3 2
t 2 ( )(ri 2 ro2 i 2o r )
8 r 3
3 .24 1 3(.24)
t (3320)(216.7) 2 ( )(12.5 2 752 752 (12.5) 2 )(10 6 )
8 3 .24
t 714963 pa
Problem #S14
The interface pressure is:
E r (ro2 R 2 )( R 2 ri 2 )
P
R 2 R 2 (ro2 ri2 )
The radial interference is 0.013 mm. Substituting all the numbers:
E 207 *10 3 R 20 ri 0 ro 40
The answer is P=50.4 Mpa.
Problem #S15 and #S16
6”
12”
6”
1000 1000
# S15 # S16
Problem #S15: Using the impact formula and simplifying for h>>:
Problem #S16: The two bars form a pair of two springs in series. The
equivalent spring is:
K1 K 2 AA E 1(2) 30 *10 6
Ke 1 2 ( ) ( ) 33.3 *10 6 lb / in
K 1 K 2 A1 A2 L1 1 2 6
2hk 2 * 1 * 3.33 * 10 6
Fe W
(1000) 81.6 * 10 3 lbs
W 1000
max 81.6 ksi
Problem #17
The area, moment of inertia, and radius of gyration:
d 4 (1.5) 4
A r 2 1.767 and I .2485
64 64
I
and k .375
A
The slenderness ratio is:
l 60
160
k .375
The limit for the use of Euler versus Johnson formula is:
Since the slenderness ratio is larger than the limit, the Euler formula applies:
2 EI 2 (30 *10 6 )(.2485)
Pcr C 20438
L2 60 2
The factor of Safety is:
SF=20438/5655 = 3.6
b) For this case:
A 0.60 I 0.0288 k 0.219
The slenderness ratio is:
l 18
82
k 0.0288
.60
We have to use the Johnson Formula:
SyL 1
2
1 37500*18 2
Pcr A S y 0.6 37500 ( ) 17687 lbs
2k CE 30 *10 2 (.219)
6
17687
SF 3.1
5655
Problem #S18: Based on DET:
Tr 16T 16 * 20000
12732.4 psi
J d 3 ( 2) 3
.58S y .58 * 50000
FS 2.27
12732.4
Based on MST:
.5 S y
FS 2
Problem #S19
For this cast iron :
The critical point is the inner radius
3 2 ri 2 ro2 1 3 2
t ( 2
)(ri ro 2
2
r )
8 r 3
.26 3 .211 1 3(.211) 2
t ( ) 2 ( )(2 * 52 32 (3) )
386 8 3 .211
t .0147 2
Since this is a principal stress and the other principal stress is zero (radial
stress is zero on the inner radius), we equate this stress to Sut.
0.0147 2 30000
1428 rad / sec 13600 rpm
Problem #S21
The question in this problem is the factor of safety against eventual fatigue
failure. First we calculate the maximum nominal shear stress:
Tr 56(103 )(10)
35.6 Mpa
J 4
(20)
32
We would apply the fatigue stress concentration factor to the nominal stress
to get the actual stress
1.48(35.6) 52.8 Mpa
The need to find the VonMises stress and compare it to strength
v , a 3 2 91.4 Mpa
On the strength side, the estimate of the endurance limit of the rotating
bending fatigue specimen is half of the tensile strength for steels:
Se' (0.5)518 259 Mpa
Applying the correction factors to estimate the endurance limit of this part:
Se (0.9)(0.78)(259) 182 Mpa
The factor of safety is:
182
n 2
91