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Thailand International

Mathematical Olympiad 2016


泰國國際數學競賽 2016
Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet
高中組 試題集
考生須知:
Instructions to Contestants:

1. 本卷包括 試題 乙份,試題紙不可取走。
Each contestant should have ONE Question-Answer Book which CANNOT be taken
away.

2. 本卷共 5 個範疇,每範疇有 5 題,共 25 題,每題 4 分,總分 100 分,答錯不扣分。


There are 5 exam areas and 5 questions in each exam area. There are a total of 25
questions in this Question-Answer Book. Each carries 4 marks. Total score is 100 marks.
No points are deducted for incorrect answers.

3. 請將答案寫在 答題紙 上。
All answers should be written on ANSWER SHEET.

4. 比賽期間,不得使用計算工具。
NO calculators can be used during the contest.

5. 本卷中所有圖形不一定依比例繪成。
All figures in the paper are not necessarily drawn to scale.

6. 比賽完畢時,本試題會被收回。
This Question-Answer Book will be collected at the end of the contest.

本試題不可取走。
THIS Question-Answer Book CANNOT BE TAKEN AWAY.
未得監考官同意,切勿翻閱試題,否則參賽者將有可能被取消資格。
DO NOT turn over this Question-Answer Book without approval of the examiner.
Otherwise, contestant may be DISQUALIFIED.
泰國國際數學競賽 2016 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2016 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

填空題(第 1 至 25 題)(每題 4 分,答錯及空題不扣分)


Open-Ended Questions (1st ~25th) (4 points for correct answer, no penalty point for wrong answer)

Logical Thinking
邏輯思維

1. Selena’s dessert is stolen, she asked her 4 guests and received replies as follows:
Hera: “David’s stolen it.”
David: “Hera’s stolen it.”
Ruby: “I have not stolen it.”
Steve: “David is lying.”
Given that only one of them had told the truth, who stole Selena’s dessert?
薩琳娜的點心被偷了。薩琳娜非常生氣,於是她問了 4 位客人。得到的回答如下:
希拉說:「大衛偷了!」
大衛說:「希拉偷了!」
露比說:「我沒有偷!」
斯蒂夫說:「大衛說謊!」
若當中只有一人撒謊。那麼是誰偷了薩琳娜的點心?

2. If x, y and z are all prime and 4 x y  y x  z , find the minimum value of z.


若 x、y 及 z 皆為質數且 4 x y  y x  z ,求 z 的最小值。

3. Divide a rectangle into 3  5 identical small squares, and paint each small square in either red or green.
How many ways to paint them so that there doesn’t exist a rectangle with area not less than four with four
corners are painted in same color?
把一個長方形分為 3  5 個相同大小的小方格,將每個小方格填上紅色或綠色,有多少種塗色方法,
使長方形中不存在面積不少於 4 個小方格且其四內角所屬的方格顏色相同的長方形?

Question 3
第3題

請以最簡形式填寫答案,若計算結果是分數,請確保為真分數或帶分數,或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2016 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2016 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

4. A box contains 100 coloured pens: 40 blue, 30 red, 20 green and 10 yellow. Ivy takes some pens from the
box without looking at the colours of the pens. What is the least number of pens she must take so that she
has pens with at least 3 colours?
有一箱顏色筆共有 100 支:40 支藍色、30 支紅色、20 支綠色及 10 支黃色。艾薇需要在不看筆的
顏色的情況下從箱中取出顏色筆,那麼她必須最少取出多少支筆才能讓她取得最少 3 種顏色的筆?

5. There are five standard weights A, B, C, D and E. Given the weight A and the weight B weigh 7 pounds in
total, the weight B and weight C weigh 9 pounds in total, the weight C and weight D weigh 11 pounds in
total, the weight D and weight E weigh 8 pounds in total, and the weight A, C and E weigh 10 pounds in
total. How many pounds does weight E weigh?
有五個砝碼 A、B、C、D、E。已知 A 和 B 共重 7 磅、B 和 C 共重 9 磅、C 和 D 共重 11 磅、D 和
E 共重 8 磅、A,C 和 E 共重 10 磅。問砝碼 E 重多少磅?

Algebra
代數

6. Factorize x 2  2 xy  y 2  x  y  6 .
因式分解 x 2  2 xy  y 2  x  y  6 。

7. Given a 2  2a  3  0 , find the value of a 4  a 2  6a  1 .


已知 a 2  2a  3  0 ,求 a 4  a 2  6a  1 的值。

n!
8. Given Crn  , find the value of C17  2  C27  3  C37   7  C77 .
r !(n  r )!
n!
已知 Crn  ,求 C17  2  C27  3  C37   7  C77 的值。
r !(n  r )!

1 1
9. Given x  0 and x  12 , find the value of x3  3 .
x x
1 1
已知 x  0 及 x   12 ,求 x3  3 的值。
x x

10. Find the value of 22  52  82   442  472  502 .


求 22  52  82   442  472  502 的值。

請以最簡形式填寫答案,若計算結果是分數,請確保為真分數或帶分數,或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2016 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2016 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

Number Theory
數論

11. Find the Greatest Common Divisor of 24  32  52 , 26  3  53  74 and 23  32  53 11 .


求 24  32  52 , 26  3  53  74 和 23  32  53 11 的最大公因數。

12. Find the maximum negative integral solution for congruence equation 4 x  8(mod 20) .
求同餘方程 4 x  8(mod 20) 的最大負整數解。

1
13. Given x is a real number, find the maximum value of .
x2  4 x  8
1
已知 x 為實數,求 的最大值。
x  4x  8
2

14. Given a, b, c are all real numbers and a  b  c  6 , find the minimum value of a 2  b2  c 2 .
已知 a,b 及 c 皆為實數且 a  b  c  6 ,求 a 2  b2  c 2 的最小值。

15. Let f (n)  4n3  6n 2  4n  1 , find the unit digit of f (1)  f (2)  f (3)  ...  f (2016) .
設 f (n)  4n3  6n 2  4n  1 。求 f (1)  f (2)  f (3)  ...  f (2016) 的個位數。

請以最簡形式填寫答案,若計算結果是分數,請確保為真分數或帶分數,或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2016 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2016 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

Geometry
幾何

16. In the figure below, M, N, and E are the mid-points of BC, MC, and AC respectively. If the length of BE
is 42cm, find the length of GH in cm.
附圖中,M、N、E 分別為 BC、MC 及 AC 的中點,若 BE 的長度為 42 厘米,求 GH 的長度﹝以厘
米表示答案﹞。

E
G H

B C
M N

Question 16
第 16 題

17. In a rectangular coordinate system, there is a circle x 2  y 2  2 x  8 y  4  0 and a straight line.


If the straight line passes through A  6,1 and intersects the circle and point B and C. Find the value of
AB  AC .
對於圓 x 2  y 2  2 x  8 y  4  0 ,若一直線經過 A  6,1 並與圓相交於兩點B和C,求 AB  AC 的值。

18. If a triangle with side lengths 8, 15 and 17 can be inscribed in a square, find the minimum value of the
side length of the square.
若一個正方形可以完全覆蓋一個邊長 8、15、17 的三角形,求正方形邊長的最小值。

19. Find the minimum distance from the point 1, 2  to straight line y  x .
求點 1, 2  與直線 y  x 的最短距離。

20. Given ABCD is a quadrilateral and the lengths of AB, BC, CD and DA are 15cm, 7cm, 20cm and 25cm
respectively. If x is the angle between the two diagonals and 0  x  90 , find the value of x.
已知 ABCD 為一個四邊形,且 AB、BC、CD 及 DA 的長度分別為 15 厘米、7 厘米、20 厘米及 25
厘米。若 x 為該四邊形的兩條對角線之間的夾角的大小,且 0  x  90 ,求 x 的值。
請以最簡形式填寫答案,若計算結果是分數,請確保為真分數或帶分數,或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2016 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2016 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

Combinatorics
組合數學

21. How many combinations for non-negative integer x, y, z such that 2 x  3 y  4 z  2016 ?
若 x,y 及 z 皆為非負整數且 2 x  3 y  4 z  2016 , ( x, y, z ) 有多少個組合?

22. Andy thrown a fair dice three times, find the probability that no consecutive “1” is thrown.
安迪擲一顆均質六面骰子 3 次,求沒有連續 2 次是擲出 1 的概率。

23. Given (a, b, c, d ) is a set of integers and all of them are greater than 3 . Find the number of solution sets
of a  b  c  d  0 .
已知 (a, b, c, d ) 為一組整數且每個數皆大於 3 ,求方程 a  b  c  d  0 的解組數目。

24. Initially there are 4 red balls and 3 yellow balls in a bag, however 1 ball is lost accidentally. Amy draws 2
balls from the bag at random and both of the balls drawn are red. Find the probability of the lost ball is
the yellow one.
一個箱子裏原來有 4 個紅色球和 3 個黃色球,不過其中有一球意外地不見了。若艾美從這個箱子
中抽出 2 個球,且 2 個球都是紅色,求最初不見了的球是黃色球的概率。

25. Given the lengths of a triangle ABC are all integers and the perimeter of ABC is 50. How many
possible combinations of the lengths ( AB, BC , CA) are there?
已知三角形 ABC 的每條邊的邊長皆為整數,且 ABC 的周界為 50。問三角形邊長 ( AB, BC , CA) 有
多少個可能組合?

~ 全卷完 ~
~ End of Paper ~

請以最簡形式填寫答案,若計算結果是分數,請確保為真分數或帶分數,或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2016 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2016 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

Solutions
題解
Logical Thinking
邏輯思維

1. Selena’s dessert is stolen, she asked her 4 guests and received replies as follows:
Hera: “David’s stolen it.”
David: “Hera’s stolen it.”
Ruby: “I have not stolen it.”
Steve: “David is lying.”
Given that only one of them had told the truth, who stole Selena’s dessert?
薩琳娜的點心被偷了。薩琳娜非常生氣,於是她問了 4 位客人。得到的回答如下:
希拉說:「大衛偷了!」
大衛說:「希拉偷了!」
露比說:「我沒有偷!」
斯蒂夫說:「大衛說謊!」
若當中只有一人撒謊。那麼是誰偷了薩琳娜的點心?

解:Ruby / 露比
If Hera had stolen the dessert, Ruby and David are correct.
If David had stolen the dessert, Hera, Ruby and Steve are correct.
If Steve had stolen the dessert, Steve and Ruby are correct.
If Ruby had stolen the dessert, only Steve is correct.
As there is only one of them had told the truth, it can be concluded that Ruby stole Selena’s dessert.
若希拉偷了點心,露比和大衛都說了真話。
若大衛偷了點心,希拉、露比和史蒂夫都說了真話。
若史蒂夫偷了點心,史蒂夫和露比都說了真話。
若露比偷了點心,只有斯蒂夫說了真話。
由於只有一個人說了真話,可以得出露比偷了薩琳娜的點心。

2. If x, y and z are all prime and 4 x y  y x  z , find the minimum value of z.


若 x、y 及 z 皆為質數且 4 x y  y x  z ,求 z 的最小值。

解:41
As z is prime, y should not be 2. Put x be 2 we have the equation 4  2 y  y 2  z .
As 4  2 y  y 2 will be multiple of 3 if y is prime number except 3, we have y  3 .
As a result the minimum value of z is 4  23  32  41 .

請以最簡形式填寫答案,若計算結果是分數,請確保為真分數或帶分數,或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2016 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2016 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

由 z 是質數可得 y 必不可能為 2。取 x  2 可得算式 4  2 y  y 2  z 。


由於若 y 為除了 3 以外的質數, 4  2 y  y 2  z 都會是 3 的倍數,故 y  3 。
由此 z 的最小可能值為 4  23  32  41 。

請以最簡形式填寫答案,若計算結果是分數,請確保為真分數或帶分數,或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2016 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2016 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

3. Divide a rectangle into 3  5 identical small squares, and paint each small square in either red or green.
How many ways to paint them so that there doesn’t exist a rectangle with area not less than four with
four corners are painted in same color?
把一個長方形分為 3  5 個相同大小的小方格,將每個小方格填上紅色或綠色,有多少種塗色方法,
使長方形中不存在面積不少於 4 個小方格且其四內角所屬的方格顏色相同的長方形?

Question 3
第3題

解:720
Denote the letter R as red and G as Green.
We can find that the arrangement of each column should be one of the following 6 combinations:
“RRG, RGR, GRR, GGR, GRG and RGG” without repetition.
So the number of arrangement should be P56  6  5  4  3  2  720 .
記 R 為紅色及 G 為綠色。
可得每一行的顏色排列必為以下的六種組合的其中之一:RRG、RGR、GRR、GGR、GRG 及 RGG
且沒有重覆。
由此可得排列數量為 P56  6  5  4  3  2  720 。

4. A box contains 100 coloured pens: 40 blue, 30 red, 20 green and 10 yellow. Ivy takes some pens from the
box without looking at the colours of the pens. What is the least number of pens she must take so that she
has pens with at least 3 colours?
有一箱顏色筆共有 100 支:40 支藍色、30 支紅色、20 支綠色及 10 支黃色。艾薇需要在不看筆的
顏色的情況下從箱中取出顏色筆,那麼她必須最少取出多少支筆才能讓她取得最少 3 種顏色的筆?

解:71
To make sure pens with at least 3 colours are drawn, we need to consider the worst possible outcome that
most number of pens with 2 colours are drawn. So 40  30  1  71pens should be drawn to make sure
she has pen with at least 3 colours.
要肯定取得所有顏色的筆,先考慮最不利的情況,即最多 2 種顏色的筆被取走。
所以若她要取得最少 3 種顏色的筆她需要取出 40  30  1  71支筆。

請以最簡形式填寫答案,若計算結果是分數,請確保為真分數或帶分數,或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2016 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2016 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

5. There are five standard weights A, B, C, D and E. Given the weight A and the weight B weigh 7 pounds in
total, the weight B and weight C weigh 9 pounds in total, the weight C and weight D weigh 11 pounds in
total, the weight D and weight E weigh 8 pounds in total, and the weight A, C and E weigh 10 pounds in
total. How many pounds does weight E weigh?
有五個砝碼 A、B、C、D、E。已知 A 和 B 共重 7 磅、B 和 C 共重 9 磅、C 和 D 共重 11 磅、D 和
E 共重 8 磅、A,C 和 E 共重 10 磅。問砝碼 E 重多少磅?

解:2
A  B  7...(1)
B  C  9...(2)
C  D  11...(3)
D  E  8...(4)
A  C  E  10...(5)
(1)  2  (2)  (3)  (4)  2  (5) :
3 A  3B  3C  3D  3E  60
A  B  C  D  E  20
E  20  11  7  2

Algebra
代數

6. Factorize x 2  2 xy  y 2  x  y  6 .
因式分解 x 2  2 xy  y 2  x  y  6 。

解: ( x  y  3)( x  y  2)
x 2  2 xy  y 2  ( x  y )2
x 2  2 xy  y 2  x  y  6  ( x  y ) 2  ( x  y )  6
 ( x  y  3)( x  y  2)

7. Given a 2  2a  3  0 , find the value of a 4  a 2  6a  1 .


已知 a 2  2a  3  0 ,求 a 4  a 2  6a  1 的值。

解:1
a 4  a 2  6a  1  (a 2  2a  3)  (a 2  2a)  1
 0  ( a 2  2a )  1
1

請以最簡形式填寫答案,若計算結果是分數,請確保為真分數或帶分數,或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2016 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2016 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

n!
8. Given Crn  , find the value of C17  2  C27  3  C37   7  C77 .
r !(n  r )!
n!
已知 Crn  ,求 C17  2  C27  3  C37   7  C77 的值。
r !(n  r )!

解:448
C17  2  C27  3  C37   7  C77
76 765 7  6 5 4 7  65 43 7  6  5 4  3 2
 7  2  3  4  5  6
1 2 1 2  3 1 2  3  4 1 2  3  4  5 1 2  3  4  5  6
7  6  5  4  3  2 1
7 
1 2  3  4  5  6  7
 6 6  5 6  5  4 6  5  4  3 6  5  4  3  2 6  5  4  3  2 1 
 7  1       
 1 1 2 1 2  3 1 2  3  4 1 2  3  4  5 1 2  3  4  5  6 
 7  1  6  15  20  15  6  1
 7  64
 448

1 1
9. Given x  0 and x  12 , find the value of x3  3 .
x x
1 1
已知 x  0 及 x   12 ,求 x3  3 的值。
x x

解:1,692
1
x   12
x
3
 1
 x    1728
 x
3 1
x3  3x   3  1728
x x
1 1
x3  3  3( x  )  1728
x x
1
x3  3  36  1728
x
1
x3  3  1692
x

請以最簡形式填寫答案,若計算結果是分數,請確保為真分數或帶分數,或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2016 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2016 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

10. Find the value of 22  52  82   442  472  502 .


求 22  52  82   442  472  502 的值。

解:15,164
22  52  82  442  47 2  502
  22  02    52  32    82  62   ...   47 2  452    502  482    32  62  ...  482 
 2  2  2  8  2 14  ...  2  92  2  98  32  (12  22  ...  162 )
 (2  98) 17   16 17  33 
 2   9 
 2   6 
 1700  13464
 15164

Number Theory
數論

11. Find the Greatest Common Divisor of 24  32  52 , 26  3  53  74 and 23  32  53 11 .


求 24  32  52 , 26  3  53  74 和 23  32  53 11 的最大公因數。

解:600
Comparing the indices, the minimum value within the groups (4, 6, 3), (2, 1, 2), (2, 3, 3), (0, 4, 0) and (0,
0, 1) are 3, 1, 2, 0 and 0 respectively. As a result the G.C.D. among the three number is 23  3  52  600 .
比較各項的次方,可得數組 (4, 6, 3)、(2, 1, 2)、(2, 3, 3)、(0, 4, 0) 及(0, 0, 1) 中的最小值分別為 3、
1、2、0 及 0。由此可得三個數字的最大公因數為 23  3  52  600 。

12. Find the maximum negative integral solution for congruence equation 4 x  8(mod 20) .
求同餘方程 4 x  8(mod 20) 的最大負整數解。

解: 3
4 x  8(mod 20)
x  2 (mod 5)
The maximum negative integral solution is 2  5  3 .
最大負整數解為 2  5  3 。

請以最簡形式填寫答案,若計算結果是分數,請確保為真分數或帶分數,或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
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Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2016 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

1
13. Given x is a real number, find the maximum value of .
x  4x  8
2

1
已知 x 為實數,求 的最大值。
x2  4 x  8

1
解:
2
1 1

x2  4 x  8 x2  4 x  4  4
1

( x  2) 2  4
1

4
1

2

14. Given a, b, c are all real numbers and a  b  c  6 , find the minimum value of a 2  b2  c 2 .
已知 a,b 及 c 皆為實數且 a  b  c  6 ,求 a 2  b2  c 2 的最小值。

解:12
(a  b) 2  0, a 2  b 2  2ab
(b  c) 2  0, b 2  c 2  2bc
(c  a) 2  0, c 2  a 2  2ac
2a 2  2b 2  2c 2  2ab  2bc  2ac
(a  b  c) 2  36
a 2  b 2  c 2  2ab  2bc  2ca  36
a 2  b 2  c 2  36  (2ab  2ac  2bc)
 36  2(a 2  b 2  c 2 )
a 2  b 2  c 2  12

請以最簡形式填寫答案,若計算結果是分數,請確保為真分數或帶分數,或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
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Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2016 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

15. Let f (n)  4n3  6n 2  4n  1 , find the unit digit of f (1)  f (2)  f (3)  ...  f (2016) .
設 f (n)  4n3  6n 2  4n  1 。求 f (1)  f (2)  f (3)  ...  f (2016) 的個位數。

解:6
f ( n)  4n 3  6n 2  4n  1
 n 4  (n  1) 4
f (1)  f (2)  f (3)  ...  f (2016)
 20164
 (2000  16) 4
 20004  4  (2000)3 16  6  (2000) 2  162  4  2000  163  164
 20004  4  (2000)3 16  6  (2000) 2  162  4  2000  163  65536
The unit digit of f (1)  f (2)  f (3)  ...  f (2016) is 6.
f (1)  f (2)  f (3)  ...  f (2016) 的個位數是 6。

Geometry
幾何

16. In the figure below, M, N, and E are the mid-points of BC, MC, and AC respectively. If the length of BE
is 42cm, find the length of GH in cm.
附圖中,M、N、E 分別為 BC、MC 及 AC 的中點,若 BE 的長度為 42 厘米,求 GH 的長度﹝以厘
米表示答案﹞。

E
G H

B C
M N

Question 16
第 16 題

請以最簡形式填寫答案,若計算結果是分數,請確保為真分數或帶分數,或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
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Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2016 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

解:8
CA EG BM CA EH BM
  1   1
AE GB MN AE HB MN
2 EG 1 2 EG 3
  1   1
1 GB 1 1 GB 1
EG 1 EH 1
 
GB 2 HB 6

EG 1 7 EH 3
  
GB 2 14 HB 18
EH : HG : GB  3 : 4 :14
HG 4

BE 21
BE  42
4
GH  42   8
21

17. In a rectangular coordinate system, there is a circle x 2  y 2  2 x  8 y  4  0 and a straight line.


If the straight line passes through A  6,1 and intersects the circle and point B and C. Find the value of
AB  AC .
對於圓 x 2  y 2  2 x  8 y  4  0 ,若一直線經過 A  6,1 並與圓相交於兩點B和C,求 AB  AC 的值。

解:37
Let the tangent point from A to the circle be P, by circle power theorem, AB  AC  AP 2 .
As AP  62  12  2  6  8 1  4  37 , hence AB  AC  AP 2  37 .
設由 A 到圓的切點為 P,利用圓冪定理, AB  AC  AP 2 。
由於 AP  62  12  2  6  8 1  4  37 ,所以 AB  AC  AP 2  37 。

請以最簡形式填寫答案,若計算結果是分數,請確保為真分數或帶分數,或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
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Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2016 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

18. If a triangle with side lengths 8, 15 and 17 can be inscribed in a square, find the minimum value of the
side length of the square.
若一個正方形可以完全覆蓋一個邊長 8、15、17 的三角形,求正方形邊長的最小值。

225 274
解:
274
As the length of all four sides of square are all equal.
由於正方形的所有邊長皆相等,
15sin   8cos   15cos 
7
tan  
15
15
cos  
274
225 274
Side length / 邊長 = 15cos   。
274

19. Find the minimum distance from the point 1, 2  to straight line y  x .
求點 1, 2  與直線 y  x 的最短距離。

2
解:
2
1 1  2  1 1 2 2
By distance formula, the minimum distance is   .
1 1
2 2
1 1
2 2 2
1 1  2  1 1 2 2
由距離公式可得最短距離為   。
12  12 12  12 2

請以最簡形式填寫答案,若計算結果是分數,請確保為真分數或帶分數,或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
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Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2016 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

20. Given ABCD is a quadrilateral and the lengths of AB, BC, CD and DA are 15cm, 7cm, 20cm and 25cm
respectively. If x is the angle between the two diagonals and 0  x  90 , find the value of x.
已知 ABCD 為一個四邊形,且 AB、BC、CD 及 DA 的長度分別為 15 厘米、7 厘米、20 厘米及 25
厘米。若 x 為該四邊形的兩條對角線之間的夾角的大小,且 0  x  90 ,求 x 的值。

解:90

AB  BC  CD  DA  0
DA2  DA  DA
 ( AB  BC  CD ) ( AB  BC  CD )
 AB 2  BC 2  CD 2  2( AB BC  CD AB  BC CD )
 AB 2  BC 2  CD 2  2( BC 2  AB BC  CD AB  BC CD)
 AB 2  BC 2  CD 2  2( BC  CD )( BC  AB )
2 AC  BD  DA2  AB 2  BC 2  CD 2
0
AC  BD  0
AC  BD
The angle between the two diagonals is 90 .
該四邊形的兩條對角線之間的夾角為 90 。

請以最簡形式填寫答案,若計算結果是分數,請確保為真分數或帶分數,或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2016 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2016 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

Combinatorics
組合數學

21. How many combinations for non-negative integer x, y, z such that 2 x  3 y  4 z  2016 ?
若 x,y 及 z 皆為非負整數且 2 x  3 y  4 z  2016 , ( x, y, z ) 有多少個組合?

解:85177
Consider the following table:
參考下表:
Possible value of z Number of combinations
y
z 的可能值 組合
672 0 1
670 0, 1 2
668 0, 1, 2 ,3 4
666 0, 1, 2 ,3, 4 5
… … …
2 0, 1, 2, …, 502 503
0 0, 1, 2, …, 504 505

Number of combinations / 組合數目= (1  2  3  ...  505)  (3  6  9  ...  504)


 505  506   168 169 
   3  
 2   2 
 127765  42588
 85177

22. Andy thrown a fair dice three times, find the probability that no consecutive “1” is thrown.
安迪擲一顆均質六面骰子 3 次,求沒有連續 2 次是擲出 1 的概率。

205
解:
216
125 25 75
Probability of no “one” appears: . Probability of only 1 “one” appears; 3   .
216 216 216
1 5 1 5
Probability of 2 “one” appear but they are not consecutive:    .
6 6 6 216
125 75 5 205
Combining all the cases, probability that no consecutive “1” is thrown:    .
216 216 216 216
125 25 75
沒有 1 的概率: 。只有一次 1 的概率: 3   。
216 216 216

請以最簡形式填寫答案,若計算結果是分數,請確保為真分數或帶分數,或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
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1 5 1 5
有兩次 1 但不連續的概率:    。
6 6 6 216
125 75 5 205
綜合以上情況,沒有連續 2 次是擲出 1 的概率:    。
216 216 216 216

請以最簡形式填寫答案,若計算結果是分數,請確保為真分數或帶分數,或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
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Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2016 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

23. Given (a, b, c, d ) is a set of integers and all of them are greater than 3 . Find the number of solution sets
of a  b  c  d  0 .
已知 (a, b, c, d ) 為一組整數且每個數皆大於 3 ,求方程 a  b  c  d  0 的解組數目。

解:165
Denote a1  a  3, b1  b  3, c1  c  3, d1  d  3 .
We have a  b  c  d  0  a1  b1  c1  d1  12 where a1 , b1 , c1 , d1 are all positive integers.
So the number of solution sets of is C311  165 .
定義 a1  a  3, b1  b  3, c1  c  3, d1  d  3 ,可得
原式 a  b  c  d  0  a1  b1  c1  d1  12 且 a1 , b1 , c1 , d1 皆為正整數。由此可得解組數目為 C311  165 。

24. Initially there are 4 red balls and 3 yellow balls in a bag, however 1 ball is lost accidentally. Amy draws 2
balls from the bag at random and both of the balls drawn are red. Find the probability of the lost ball is
the yellow one.
一個箱子裏原來有 4 個紅色球和 3 個黃色球,不過其中有一球意外地不見了。若艾美從這個箱子
中抽出 2 個球,且 2 個球都是紅色,求最初不見了的球是黃色球的概率。

3
解:
5
3 4 3
 
3
By Bayes’ Theorem, the probability of the lost ball is the yellow one is 7 6 5  .
3 4 3 4 3 2 5
  +  
7 6 5 7 6 5
3 4 3
 
3
根據貝葉斯定理,最初不見了的球是黃色球的概率為 7 6 5  。
3 4 3 4 3 2 5
  +  
7 6 5 7 6 5

25. Given the lengths of a triangle ABC are all integers and the perimeter of ABC is 50. How many
possible combinations of the lengths ( AB, BC , CA) are there?
已知三角形 ABC 的每條邊的邊長皆為整數,且 ABC 的周界為 50。問三角形邊長 ( AB, BC , CA) 有
多少個可能組合?

解:276
The number of combinations of the sum of three positive integers is 50 = C249  1176 .
Among them, the case “one of them is greater than or equal to 25” should be excluded. There are
24  25
 3  900 cases. Hence there are total 1176  900  276 possible combinations.
2
三個正整數相加為 50 的組合數目為 C249  1176 。

請以最簡形式填寫答案,若計算結果是分數,請確保為真分數或帶分數,或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
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Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2016 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

24  25
扣除其中一個數字大於或等於 25 的情況,可得  3  900 個組合。
2
所以一共有 1176  900  276 個可能組合。
~ 全卷完 ~
~ End of Paper ~

請以最簡形式填寫答案,若計算結果是分數,請確保為真分數或帶分數,或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
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Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2016 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

泰國國際數學競賽 2016
THAILAND INTERNATIONAL
MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD 2016

高中組 答案
Senior Secondary Group Answer Key
Question Question Question
Answer Answer Answer
No No No
答案 答案 答案
題號 題號 題號

1 Ruby / 露比 11 600 21 85,177

205
2 41 12 3 22
216
1
3 720 13 23 165
2
3
4 71 14 12 24
5

5 2 15 6 25 276

6 ( x  y  3)( x  y  2) 16 8

7 1 17 37

225 274
8 448 18
274
2
9 1,692 19
2

10 15,164 20 90

請以最簡形式填寫答案,若計算結果是分數,請確保為真分數或帶分數,或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2016 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2016 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

請以最簡形式填寫答案,若計算結果是分數,請確保為真分數或帶分數,或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.

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