THE PASSIVE VOICE

1. INTRODUCTION
The passive of an active tense is formed by putting the verb to be into the same tense as the
active verb and adding the past participle of the active verb. The subject of the active verb
becomes the ‘agent’ of the passive verb. The agent is very often not mentioned. When it is
mentioned it is preceded by by and placed at the end of the clause.
Active: My grandfather planted this tree.
Passive: This tree was planted by my grandfather.
2. POLA PASSIVE VOICE
S + Be + Verb-3 + By Agent
S : Subject
Be : Tobe
Verb-3 : Kata kerja Bantu
By Agent : Pelaku

PASSIVE VERB TENSES ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE

Present Simple He delivers the letters. The letters are delivered.

Past Simple He delivered the letters. The letters were delivered.

Future Simple He will deliver the letters. The letters will be delivered.

Present Continuous He is delivering the letters. The letters are being delivered.

Past Continuous He was delivering the letters. The letters were being delivered.

Going to He is going to deliver the letters. The letters are going to be delivered.

Present Perfect He has delivered the letters. The letters have been delivered.

Past Perfect He had delivered the letters. The letters had been delivered.

Infinitive He has to deliver the letters. The letters have to be delivered.

Modals He must deliver the letters. The letters must be delivered.

 A. Present Passive Voice

1. Simple Present Tense

- Active : Do / Does + Verb 1
· I speak English every day.
· She write novel every morning

- Passive : Is / Am / Are + Verb 3

· English is spoken by me every day.
· Novel is write by her every morning.

2. Present Continous Tense

- Active : Is / Am / Are + Verb –ing
She is reading a novel.
Ali is singing a song.

- Passive : Is / Am / Are + Being + Verb 3

A novel is being read by her.
A song is being sung by Ali.

3. Present Perfect Tense

- Active : Have / Has + Verb 3
Sabila has studied english.
I have Written a novel.

- Passive : Have / Has + Been + Verb 3

English has been studied by Sabila.
A novel have been written by me.
B. Past Passive Voice

1. Simple Past Tense

- Active : Did + Verb 2
Rico studied English.
Rian drank water.

- Passive : Was / Were + Verb 3

English was studied by Rico.
Water was drunk by Rian.

2. Past Continous Tense

- Active : Was / Were + Verb –ing
Rini was studying English
We were reading a book

- Passive : Was / Were + Being + Verb 3

English was being studied by Rini.
A book were being read by us.

3. Past Perfect Tense

- Active : Had + Verb 3
Fany had drank coffe.
Reny had speak english.

- Passive : Had + Been + Verb 3

Coffe had been drank by Fany.
English had been spoken by Reny
C. Future Passive Voice

1. Simple Future Tense

- Active : Will / Shall + Verb 1
Tina will read a newspaper.
Fendi will study English.

- Passive : Will / Shall + Be + Verb 3

A newapaper will be read by Tina.
English will be studied by Fendi.

2. Future Continous Tense

- Active : Will / Shall + Be + Verb –ing
Toni will be reading a book.
Rian will be studying English.

- Passive : Will / Shall + Be + Being + Verb 3

A book will be being read by Toni
English will be being studied by Rian.

3. Future Perfect Tense

- Active : Will / Shall + Have + Verb 3
Tian will have spoken English.
Toni will have read a newspaper.

- Passive : Will / Shall + Have + Been + Verb 3

English will have been spoken by Tian.
A newapaper will have been by Toni
D. Modal Auxiliary Passive Voice

- Active : Can - Could + Verb 1

May – Might + Verb 1
Will – Would + Verb 1
Must – Had to + Verb 1
Shall – Should + Verb 1
Ougth to + Verb 1

1) Toni can speak english

2) Rian may drink coffe.

- Passive : Can – Could + Be + Verb 3

May – Might + Be + Verb 3
Will – Would + Be + Verb 3
Must – Had to + Be + Verb 3
Shall – Should + Be + Verb 3
Ougth to + Be + Verb 3

1) English can be spoken by Toni.

2) Coffe may be drank by Rian