The ILO list of the occupational diseases

Dr Francisco Santos O’Connor

santosf@ilo.org
 The hidden pandemic: a global picture

Fatal Accidents
380,500
Fatal Diseases
2.4 million

Work-related accidents
and diseases
2.78 million
 % Work-Related Mortality

Communicable Diseases
1% 9%
14% Malignant neoplasms
1%
Neuropsychiatric conditions
26% Circulatory diseases
17%
Respiratory diseases
Digestive diseases
Genitourinary diseases
31% 2%
Occupational injuries
In 2015, nearly
one million
workers died due
to hazardous
substances , more
than 90,000 than
in 2011
 Reports of Occupational Diseases in Some Countries
Country Populations GDP per capita Reported Cases Year
(Millions) (US$) Occupational Diseases
World bank
Argentina 40 12,034 22,013 2010
Benin 6.6 1,583 1 2007
Burkina Faso 15.7 1,513 4 2007
China 1.339 9,233 27,240 2010
Cote d’Ivoire 17.5 2,039 11 2009
France 65 36,104 71,194 2010
Italy 60 33,111 46,558 2011
Japan 127 35,178 7,779 2011
Senegal 12.8 1,944 7 2008
Thailand 65 9,820 4,575 2009
UK 61 36,901 8,530 2009
USA 307 49,965 224,500 2009
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 ILO standards and guidelines on OSH
Guiding policies for action
The Occupational Safety and Health Convention no. 155 (1981) and
Recommendation no. 164
The Occupational Health Services Convention no. 161 (1985) and
Recommendation no. 171.
Protocol to the Occupational Safety and Health Convention (2002).
The Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health Convention
no. 187 (2006) and Recommendation no. 197
Employment Injury Benefits Convention no. 121 & Recommendation no. 121
 Occupational Diseases

1. Diseases caused by work have to be diagnosed and

their victims be properly treated and compensated

2. Preventive and protective measures must be taken

at the workplace

3. Definition of occupational diseases is usually set out

in legislation
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 History and Development

In 1964 - C.121 & R.121 Employment Injury Benefits

 Definition of occupational diseases
 Mechanism for the revision of the list of occupational diseases
 List of occupational diseases

10
 History and Development

Definition of occupational diseases

Paragraph 6(1) of Recommendation No. 121 defines occupational diseases

as follows:

“Each Member should, under prescribed conditions, regard diseases

known to arise out of the exposure to substances and dangerous
conditions in process, trades or occupations as occupational diseases”

11
 History and Development

Definition of occupational diseases

The Protocol of 2002 to the Occupational Safety and Health Convention,

1981 (No.155) specifies -
“occupational diseases as any disease contracted as a result of an
exposure to risk factors arising from work activities. ”

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 Two Main Elements in the Definitions

The exposure-effect relationship between a specific working

environment and/or activity and a specific disease effect

These diseases occur among a group of persons with a frequency

above the average morbidity of the rest of the population

13
 Employment Injury Benefits Convention, 1964
(No.121)
(Article 8) Each Member shall

• (a) prescribe a list of diseases, comprising at least the diseases enumerated in

Schedule I to this Convention, which shall be regarded as occupational diseases
under prescribed conditions; or
• (b) include in its legislation a general definition of occupational diseases broad
enough to cover at least the diseases enumerated in Schedule I to this Convention;
or
• (c) prescribe a list of diseases in conformity with clause (a), complemented by a
general definition of occupational diseases or by other provisions for establishing the
occupational origin of diseases not so listed or manifesting themselves under
conditions different from those prescribed

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 History and development

Schedule I. List of Occupational Diseases

1964: 15 diseases
(five new diseases: beryllium, chromium, manganese, carbon
bisulphide, nitro- and amido-toxic derivatives of benzene & its
homologues)

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 Schedule I. List Of Occupational Diseases
Occupational diseases Work involving exposure to risk

1. Pneumoconiosis caused by sclerogenic mineral dust (silicosis, All work involving exposure to the risk concerned.
anthraco-silicosis, asbestosis) and silico-tuberculosis, provided that
silicosis is an essential factor in causing the resulatant incapacity or
death.

2. Bronchopulmonary diseases caused by hard- metal dust. -

3. Bronchopulmonary diseases caused by cotton dust (byssinosis), or -

flax, hemp or sisal dust.

4. Occupational asthma caused by sensitising agents or irritants both -

recognised in this regard and inherent in the work process.

5.Extrinsic allergic alveolitis and its sequelea, caused by the inhalation of -

organic dusts, as prescribed by national legislation.

6.Diseases caused by beryllium or its toxic compounds. -

7. Diseases caused by cadnium or its toxic compounds. -

8. Diseases caused by phosphorus or its toxic compounds. -

9. Diseases caused by chromium or its toxic compounds. -

Shengli Niu caused by manganese or its toxic compounds.

10. Diseases - 16
11. Diseases caused by arsenic or its toxic compounds. -

12. Diseases caused by mercury or its toxic compounds. -

13. Diseases caused by lead or its toxic compounds. -

14. Diseases caused by fluorine or its toxic compounds. -

15. Diseases caused by carbon disulfide. -

16. Diseases caused by the toxic halogen derivatives of aliphatic or -

aromatic hydrocarbon.

17. Diseases caused by benzene or its toxic homologues -

18.Diseases caused by toxic nitro-and amino-derivatives of benzene -

or its homologues.
19. Diseases caused by nitroglycerine or other nitric acid esters. -

20. Diseases caused by alcohols, glycols, or ketones. -

21. Diseases caused by asphyxiants, carbon monoxide hydrogen -

cyanide or its toxic derivatives, hydrogen sulfide

22. Hearing impairment caused by noise -

23. Diseases caused by vibration (disorders or muscles, tendons, -

bones, joints, peripheral blood vessels or peripheral nerves)
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24. Diseases caused by work in compressed air.

25. Diseases caused by ionising radiations. All work involving exposure to the action of ionising
radiations

26. Skin diseases caused by physical, chemical or biological All work involving exposure to the risk concerned
agents not included under other items.

27. Primary epitheliomatous cancer of the skin caused by

tar, pitch, bitumen, mineral oil, anthracene, or the
compounds, products or residues of these substances.

28. Lung cancer or mesotheliomas, caused by asbestos.

29. Infectious or parasitic diseases contracted in an (a) Health or laboratory work

occupation where there is a particular risk of (b) Veterinary work
contamination. (c) Work handling animals, animal carcasses, parts of such
carcasses, or merchandise which may have been
contaminated by animals, animal carcasses or parts of
such carcasses.
(d) Other work carrying a particular risk of contamination

*In the application of this schedule the degree and type of exposure should be taken into account when appropriate

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 Ratification
(Source: ILOLEX ) Country Status
date
Belgium 22:04:1970 ratified
Bolivia 31:01:1977 ratified
Bosnia and Herzegovina 02:06:1993 ratified
Chile 30:09:1999 ratified
Democratic Republic of the Congo 05:09:1967 ratified
Croatia 08:10:1991 ratified
Cyprus 28:07:1966 ratified

Employment Injury Ecuador 05:04:1978 ratified

Finland 23:09:1968 ratified
Benefits Convention, Germany 01:03:1972 ratified

1964 ( No. 121) Guinea 11:08:1967 ratified

Ireland 09:06:1969 ratified
Japan 07:06:1974 ratified
Ratified: 24 AraLibyan b Jamahiriya 19:06:1975 ratified
Conditional ratification: 0 Luxembourg 24:07:1972 ratified
Declared applicable:0 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 17:11:1991 ratified
Denounced: 0 Montenegro 03:06:2006 ratified
Netherlands 02:08:1966 ratified
Senegal 25:04:1966 ratified
Serbia 24:11:2000 ratified
Slovenia 29:05:1992 ratified
Sweden 17:06:1969 ratified
Uruguay 28:06:1973 ratified
Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela 10:08:1982
19
ratified
 The Role & Impact of the ILO List

Promotion of the inclusion of a range of internationally acknowledged

occupational diseases in national lists.
Harmonization of the development of policy on occupational diseases
and in promoting their prevention.
Example for countries establishing or revising their national lists.
 The Role & Impact of the ILO List

Adding to the list would imply the extension of preventive measures to

control the use of harmful substances and would assist a better health
surveillance of workers
This effect can be expected both in countries that have ratified the
Conventions and those that have not
 Mega-drivers of change

Climate
and
Envirome
ntal
New Changes
Technolo
gies and Changing
Digitaliza
tion World of
Work
Demogra
phics

http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/future-of-work/lang--en/index.htm
 Need to Regularly Update the List

New risk factors

Diagnostic technology

Increased recognition at the national and international levels

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 Committee on Occupational Safety and Health

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R194 List of Occupational Diseases Recommendation,
2002

26
27
Preparation for Updating the List of Occupational
Diseases

1. Evaluation of the international scientific development in

identification of occupational diseases
2. Analysis of national and other lists of occupational
diseases
3. Amendments to the List of Occupational Diseases at the
2002 ILC
4. Comments from Member States
 Update Mechanism

LIST Indonesia ILO

Source Recom. 194
Year 2010
Update ? -regularly through tripartite
process meeting convened by GB
-upon approval of new list
shall replace the preceding
-communicated to the
members of ILO
 Update Mechanism

Indonesia should have a provision for regular review and

update through tripartite meetings of experts.

Get the latest list of Occupational diseases

Review and Update regularly

Advisory Committee or Council

 Technical Considerations

The proposed list was not intended to include all known

occupational diseases
Diseases to be included in the list were considered common to a
number of countries or populations
Rare disorders (or less frequent and very specific to a small target
group) were considered to be more appropriate to be dealt with at a
local level

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 Technical Considerations

Key criteria used for the proposed list include:

Adequate scientific basis

the strength of exposure and effect
relationship,
the magnitude of the risk factors

Recognition in national lists or the majority

views of the ILO constituents as indicated in the
replies to the questionnaires.

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 Important Features of the List in 2002

A new format has been proposed, breaking down the list into the four
following categories:

1. Diseases caused by agents (chemical, physical, biological)

2. Diseases of target organ systems (respiratory, skin,
musculoskeletal)
3. Occupational cancer
4. Other diseases

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 Open ended items

1.1.41.
Diseases caused by other chemical agents at work not mentioned in the
preceding items where a direct link is established scientifically, or determined
by methods appropriate to national conditions and practice, between the
exposure to these chemical agents arising from work activities and the
disease(s) contracted by the worker

1.2.7.
Diseases caused by other physical agents at work not mentioned in the
preceding items where a direct link is established scientifically, or determined
by methods appropriate to national conditions and practice, between the
exposure to these physical agents arising from work activities and the
disease(s) contracted by the worker
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 ILO List of Occupational Diseases
ILO is the only UN Agency to
develop it

It is designed to assist
countries in the prevention,
notification and
compensation of
occupational diseases

For the first time, mental and

behavioural disorders have
been included
http://www.ilo.org/global/publications/ilo-bookstore/order-online/books/WCMS_150323/lang--en/index.htm
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 Steps for the prevention of occupational
diseases
For national OSH systems to deal effectively with the prevention of
occupational diseases, it is necessary to:

build capacity for recognition and reporting and establish the related
legislative framework
improve mechanisms for collection and analysis of data
improve collaboration of OSH and social security institutions
integrate the prevention into OSH inspection programmes
improve capacity of occupational health services for health surveillance
and monitoring of the working environment
update national lists of occupational disease using the ILO list as a
reference
reinforce social dialogue
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http://www.who.int/occupati
onal_health/publications/clas
sification/en/
 National Data on
Occupational Diseases

Malaysia: Trends on occupational diseases 1998-2012

2500
2113

2000

1500 1537

1221
1000 954

500 515
178 192 278 216 194
204 189 341
183
263
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
 National Data on
Occupational Diseases
Malaysia: Trends on occupational diseases 1998-2012

2500
UPDATE OF NEW OCCUPATIONAL
DISEASES SCHEDULE 2113

2000
INTRODUCTION OF GUIDELINES
ON DIAGNOSIS OF OCCUPATIONAL
DISEASES
1500 1537

1221
1000 954

500 515
178 192 278 216 194
204 189 341
183
263
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
 Work-related diseases
Some countries collect data on work-related diseases.
For example, United Kingdom data from Labour Force
Surveys showed a total of 1,073,000 cases of self-
reported illnesses caused by or made worse by work in
2011–12 (principally MSDs and illnesses related to
stress, depression and anxiety).

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 Update list of O.D

Open-ended
Numbers Categories Mechanism Other
Items
 Steps for the prevention of occupational
diseases

The role of employers and workers

Active participation in development of national policies

Employers have a duty to prevent occupational diseases by taking precautionary

measures through the assessment and control of occupational hazards and risks,
and health surveillance

Workers have a right to be involved in formulating, supervising and implementing

prevention policies and programmes

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 Steps for the prevention of occupational
diseases

ILO action
Promote the ratification and implementation of ILO OSH Conventions
Strengthen alliances with other institutions (e.g., WHO, ISSA, ICOH)
Support member States’ efforts to strengthen their capacities
Encourage the exchange of good practices

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 eBusiness Perspective ( e-Business 혁신 단계 )

Accurate analysis & preparation of countermeasures for O.D.

Prevention

Working population and their families will benefit from the new list
Compensation for O.D

ILO list of O.D. (Recommendation 194)

Update list of O.D.

Recording and notification(1996 / Code of practice)

SYSTEM Definitions (Protocol 2002 to Convention 155)
 Thank you
TERIMA KASIH !!!