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Difficulty level: Medium • Drug Z was able to antagonize the effects of both drug X
28. The figure below depicts the in vitro log dose−response and drug Y.
curves of different drugs acting on the same receptor. Which of the following terms best defines drug X?
A. Competitive antagonist
100 R S T
B. Partial agonist
Maximum effect (%)
80 C. Inverse agonist
P Q
60 D. Irreversible antagonist
E. Full agonist
40
20
Difficulty level: Medium
0
log dose 30. A clinical trial was conducted by orally administering a
new analgesic drug to a group of patients suffering from
Which of the drugs has the highest affinity for the receptor?
arthritic pain. One hour after administration, the patients
A. Drug P were questioned about pain relief, and a sample of blood was
B. Drug Q collected from each patient to measure plasma drug levels.
C. Drug R Pain relief generally correlated well with plasma levels, but
D. Drug S three patients whose plasma levels were equal to zero re-
E. Drug T ported good pain relief. Which of the following is the most
likely explanation of the analgesic effect of the drug in those
Difficulty level: Easy three patients?
29. Some new drugs acting on the same receptor were studied A. High bioavailability of the drug
in laboratory animals. It was found that B. Small volume of distribution of the drug
• Drug X was able to decrease the constitutive level of activ- C. Very low clearance of the drug
ity of the receptor. D. Poor patient compliance
• Drug Y was able to increase the constitutive level of activ- E. Placebo effect
ity of the receptor.