IBF – Assignment # 1 SYED MUHAMMAD RAZA (11298) T/T 4th Slot

Hazrat Usman’s (R.A) Business Practices

Hazrat Usman (R.A) ibn Affan (42 BH – 35 AH) was the third caliph of Islam. He was known as
the pioneer of the dedicated and governed for around 12 years (644 – 656). The initial six years
were seasons of relative quietness and peace, anyway the most recent long periods of his rule
were defaced by internal clashes, and revolutionaries endeavoring to cause ruin all throughout
the Caliphate. Hazrat Usman (R.A) is recognized as a devout, delicate, and kind man, known for
his unobtrusiveness and humility. He is also appreciated for his great liberality. He governed
with unprejudiced equity, gentle and sympathetic arrangements, considering his compliance to
God and affection for Prophet Muhammad PBUH and Muslim empire. 1

Hazrat Usman (R.A) was conceived seven years after Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and had a
place with the Umayyad part of the Quraish clan. The Umayyads were the most persuasive
family of the Quraish, they were the most grounded and wealthiest. Hazrat Usman (R.A) was
said to be their "prodigy" and the most cherished because of his behavior and bashfulness. Like
his forerunner Umer ibn Al Khattab, Hazrat Usman (R.A) could read and write. This was a
surprise to have in pre-Islamic (rather primitive) Arabia. Hazrat Usman (R.A) turned into a
fruitful broker and material shipper. For most of the duration of his life he was known as a kind
man and even before his conversion to Islam he would unreservedly offer financial help to those
in need, clearly depicting his magnanimous nature.
It was his dear companion Abu Bakr who accustomed Hazrat Usman (R.A) with Islam and he
grabbed the new religion at the age of 34 years. This was at the beginning of Islam when the men
of Makkah were deliberately mishandling, persecuting and tormenting any converts to Islam.
Regardless of the persecution, Hazrat Usman (R.A) refused to bow down to tyranny and
surrender his faith. In time Hazrat Usman (R.A) was hitched to Prophet Muhammad's daughter,
Ruqiayah, along these lines fortifying his relationship to the Prophet PBUH.
The persecution continued and Hazrat Usman (R.A)'s well off family and status in the public
arena as a dealer did not secure him. He was put in danger even by individuals from his own
family; his uncle shackled his hands and feet and locked him in a dim encased room. The
constant appalling treatment by his nearby family drove Hazrat Usman (R.A) and his better half
to partake in the primary relocation to Abyssinia. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) adulated his
shunning character and said "After Lot, Hazrat Usman (R.A) is the principal man who, with his
better half, has surrendered the solace of his home for God." After some time Hazrat Usman
(R.A) and Ruqiayah came back to Makkah to be with the battling Muslims and their adored dad
and Prophet.

1
http://www.arabnews.com/news/491746
IBF – Assignment # 1 SYED MUHAMMAD RAZA (11298) T/T 4th Slot

Hazrat Usman (R.A) formed a great association with Prophet Muhammad (may peace and
blessings of Allah be upon him). He described 146 conventions specifically from the Prophet
himself and was one of a handful individuals who could record Qur'an. Hazrat Usman (R.A)
likewise turned into a reference point for those endeavoring to take in the customs of love. He
comprehended and could teach others in the customs of bathing, supplication, and other Islamic
commitments. Hazrat Usman (R.A) likewise took an interest in the migration to Madinah and
helped Prophet Muhammad in building up the what lead to a great Muslim nation. Prophet
Muhammad (PBUH) even referred to him as his partner.
In Madinah, water was scarce, and wells were controlled by a few men. Being a skilful merchant
and moderator (broker), Hazrat Usman (R.A) endeavored to secure a well for the Muslims. It
was his efforts that a large portion of cost of a well was gathered. Be that as it may, Hazrat
Usman (R.A) gave this water to the Muslims unreservedly, it ensured that Muslims no longer
had to pay for the water on the substitute days. 2
The first proprietor of the well had no real option apart from pitching his half of the well to
Hazrat Usman (R.A) who then paid a reasonable amount to compensate for it. Hazrat Usman
(R.A) kept on enabling the water to be utilized openly by all and never expected or arranged in
such a manner that the general population remembered his unprecedented philanthropy. He was a
modest and humble man.
Hazrat Usman (R.A) gave from what he owned to please God and His great Prophet Muhammad
PBUH. According to Chronicled Islamic stories, each Friday Hazrat Usman (R.A) would
purchase slaves to give them freedom and that even though he was very wealthy he did not make
continuous use of hirelings because of this inclination. At the point when Prophet Muhammad
(PBUH) and the Muslim armed forces would battle the Byzantines at Tabuk, he approached the
wealthier individuals to give from their assets and property to help and prepare the fighters.
Hazrat Usman (R.A) introduced 200 saddled camels and 200 ounces of gold. He additionally
gave 1,000 dinars. Prophet Muhammad requested gifts planning to move others to give like
Hazrat Usman (R.A). It was Hazrat Usman (R.A) who outperformed them all and gave an
aggregate of 900 prepared camels.
After the Messenger of Allah built his mosque in Madinah the Muslims would gather there to
offer the five daily prayers and to listen to the speeches of the Prophet in which he would issue
commands and prohibitions, and they learned about their faith as time went on. They would set
out from the mosque for their campaigns and return to it. Hence the mosque became too small
for the people, and the Prophet asked some of the Sahabah to buy the land next to the mosque so
that the mosque could be expanded and made big enough to accommodate all the people. Hazrat
Usman (R.A) bought it with his own money for twenty-five thousand dirhams and then it was
added to the mosque, which then became spacious enough to accommodate the Muslims.
Hazrat Usman (R.A) would frequently spend the evenings in supplication. Disregarding his
wealth, he lived a simple life and would frequently rest, enclosed by a cover, on the sand of the
mosque. Hazrat Usman (R.A) was elected as the third Caliph of the Muslims by a board of six
men. He succeeded two great leaders namely Abu Bakr RA, and Umar RA, thus had a great
responsibility towards the Muslim empire. He thought about the Muslims and he Muslim

2
http://www.quranreading.com/blog/life-history-of-hazrat-usman-ghani-r-a/
IBF – Assignment # 1 SYED MUHAMMAD RAZA (11298) T/T 4th Slot

Caliphate expanded into Morocco, Afghanistan, and Azerbaijan. For a long time (earlier six
years of his caliphate) his rule was one of peace and serenity, however, the inescapable trends
were blowing over the realm. 3
Hazrat Usman (R.A) was one of the most generous of this ummah. There are many reports which
speak of this, and form a bright page in the history of Islam. We have already seen what he did
for the campaign to Tabook, and how he bought the well of Bi'r Roomah and gave it in charity to
the Muslims, and how he expanded the Prophet's Mosque at the time of the Prophet PBUH, and
how he gave a caravan of food in charity on the call of Abu Bakr. From the time he became
Muslim, he freed one slave a week for the sake of Allah. In all, he freed approximately 2,400
slaves. It was narrated that Talhah, who was one of the most generous of people - owed him fifty
thousand, and Talhah said to him one day: Your money is ready; come and take it, keep it as a
reward.

Hazrat Usman (R.A) ibn Affan, like his antecedents was a man for the common people.
However, his later rule (last years) was damaged by infighting and resistance. God had picked
Hazrat Usman (R.A) to be the third Caliph however, there was a great conspiracy against him to
expel him from this honorable position of Caliphate. Prophet Muhammad had prophesized that
Hazrat Usman (R.A) would be put in an exceptionally troublesome circumstance when he stated,
"Maybe God will dress you with a shirt, Hazrat Usman (R.A), and if the general population need
you to take it off, don't take it off for them." Hazrat Usman (R.A) did not expel his shirt, his
affection for God and his Messenger kept him both solid and humble despite seniority and
extraordinary challenges.

Hazrat Usman (R.A) was occupied with trade before converting to Islam, his clan was rich and
known to have a great business acumen. He has been regarded with Islam, his whole riches, the
spread of Islam and Allah gave him to spend for the welfare of Muslims.

A period when there was a scarcity of water in the Holy city of Medina, the twenty thousand
dirhams, which was a substantial amount of cash at the time was needed to pay to purchase the
Ruma Well and Muslims were paying for the administration of water gave it to the well. He
likewise addressed every issue of the military who, ten thousand Muslims, who took an interest
in the crusade to Tabuk. This aside, a period when there was starvation in Medina, Hazrat Usman
(R.A), brought one hundred heaps of wheat that landed from Damascus by camel and the poor
and our Prophet Muhammad (S) Companions in Medina conveyed the acquired.

A few years after the fact after acknowledgment of Islam, he was wedded to one of the girls of
Prophet (PBUH) Ruqayya (R.A). Despite his riches and position, his relatives controlled him
since he had grasped Islam, and he was compelled to move to Abyssinia. At some point later, he
came back to Mecca however before long relocated to Medina with other Muslims. In Medina,
his business again started to prosper and he recovered his earlier achievement. Hazrat Usman
(R.A)'s open-mindedness had no restrictions. On different events, he spent an awesome part of

3
http://traditionalinfo.com/usman-ghani-r-a/
IBF – Assignment # 1 SYED MUHAMMAD RAZA (11298) T/T 4th Slot

his riches for the welfare of the Muslims, for philanthropy and for setting up the Muslim armed
forces. At the point when the Emigrants from Mecca came to Medina, they had extraordinary
trouble in getting drinking water. Hazrat Usman (R.A) purchased an all-round well named "Bi'r-
I-Rumah" from a Jew against twenty thousand dirhams with the expectation of complimentary
utilization of Muslims. That was the primary trust at any point made ever of. The Holy Prophet
(PBUH) gave him the happy expressions of Paradise for this demonstration. That is the reason he
came to be known as 'Al-Ghani' signifying 'The Generous.'4

In the season of Hazrat Usman (R.A) the monetary assets of the State were: Zakat, Ushr, Khara;
Jazya, Fay and Ghanimah. Zakat-was a 21/z per penny exact on capital resources. Hazrat Usman
(R.A) demanded the Zakat on a portion of the things which had gotten away tax collection
already. Ushr was a ten for each penny collect on horticultural land and additionally stock
imported from abroad. Kharaj was imposed ashore in vanquished domains. The rate of Kharaj
was higher than the Ushr. Jizya was a survey imposes required on non-Muslims. Fay was the
salary from State arrives. Ghanimah was the goods caught on the event of war with the foe.
Four-fifth of the goods was circulated among the troopers partaking in the war while one-fifth
was credited to the State subsidize. Amid the season of Hazrat Usman (R.A) the pay of the State
expanded extensively. At the point when 'Amr b Al 'Aas was the Governor of Egypt the
protestation against him was that the receipts from Egypt were low. He said that the she-camel
couldn't give more drain. At the point when Abdullah canister Sa'ad was delegated as the
Governor, the incomes of the area expanded. At the point when gone up against with this
circumstance 'Amr b Al 'Aas stated, "Truly, the she-camel has given more drain, however its
young ones have been famished." This demonstrates under Hazrat Usman (R.A) the incomes of
the State expanded. The perspective of 'Amr b Al 'Aas that the youthful one of the she - camel
had been famished was only a remorseful method for advocating his own organization.

Financial Institutions at the time of Hazrat Usman (R.A)

Hazrat Usman (R.A) sent a letter to the governors and another to the Kharaj collectors, and he
addressed another letter to the masses. In the light of these texts we may say that the public
finance policy announced by the first three Rightly-Guided Caliphs was based on the following
principles:

- Creating a balance between collection of dues and the welfare of public.

- Taking from the Muslims what they owed to the Bayt Ul Maal.
- Giving the Muslims what they are entitled to from the Bayt Ul Maal of the Muslims

4
http://www.alim.org/library/biography/khalifa/content/KUT/12/1
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- Taking what the public owe to the Bayt Ul Maal of the Muslims in a appropriate way,
and providing them what they are entitled to, and not wronging them
- Choosing Kharaj collectors for their honesty.

The monetary strategy at the season of Hazrat Usman (R.A) and the other Rightly-Guided
Caliphs was recognized by the way that it was associated with Islam, the usage of Islamic
lessons and security of wellsprings of wage. Open consumption was gone for supporting the
message of Islam and the benefit of the Muslims. This was a strategy of shrewd spending, on the
grounds that the lessons of Islam preclude luxury and battle against it. Islam likewise disallows
the absurd from having control of the general population riches. People in general salary should
all be great and from 'halal' sources and a portion of this wage is to be spent on those

About Creating a balance between collection of dues and the welfare of the people, in his letter,
Hazrat Usman (R.A) pointed out to the governors that collecting wealth for the Bayt Ul Maal
was almost taking precedence over the primary duty of the governors, which was ensuring the
welfare of the people, and that was because the collection of wealth was one of the duties of the
people that was undertaken by the head of the Islamic state, so it was not right for it to be done at
the expense of other duties. From the guidance of the Prophet & and the time of the Rightly-
Guided Caliphs, the Fuqaha' derived rulings on what is meant by the duty of ensuring the welfare
of the people, i.e., the duties of the caliph towards the people.5

The stipends for the Muslims from the Bayt Ul Maal were given either specifically, as on
account of dissemination of zakat to the individuals who were qualified for it, or the giving of
additional riches to the Muslims as per the stipend framework, or they were given by
implication, as open administrations offered by the state to the general population and paid for
from the Bayt Ul Maal. In the two cases, stipends were to be given on an equitable and
reasonable premise. On account of stipends that are given specifically, it isn't reasonable to
conflict with the general rules in order to support a few and deny others, or lessening the offer of
some with no legitimization. It isn't passable to defer giving the stipend after the delegated time
on account of complex methods or hindrances which keep the individuals who have been
wronged from achieving the individuals who are in power to talk about the wrongs that have
been done, for example, delays in installment, being given close to nothing or accepting nothing
by any stretch of the imagination.

The Rightly-Guided Caliph Hazrat Usman (R.A) required the kharaj gatherers to be reliable and
to have the characteristics that are fundamental in every one of the individuals who work with
people in general riches. On the off chance that they didn't have this quality then they would
transgress against the privileges of the Bayt Ul Maal and they would be out of line to the zakat
payers, and the association between the Bayt Ul Maal and the payers would be broken. The Holy
Quran and the Hadith of the Prophet (PBUH) point to the significance of genuineness and urge
adherence to it. Hazrat Usman (R.A) likewise required the authorities to be reliable.

5
https://www.muslim-library.com/dl/books/english_The_Biography_of_Uthman_ibn_Affan.pdf
IBF – Assignment # 1 SYED MUHAMMAD RAZA (11298) T/T 4th Slot

Dependability was said when all is said in done terms in the letter of the caliph, which included
truthfulness towards the Bayt Ul Maal by taking consideration to gather every one of its levy
from the general population.

Among the difficulties looked by Hazrat Usman (R.A) the resistance of a portion of the
vanquished lands, yet Usman (R.A) could constrain the grounds that broke bargains to cling to
the settlements with the Islamic state and submit to its run the show. In the light of the new
successes, we may state that the money related arrangement that was received at the season of
Usman (R.A) and the outcomes that it was intended to deliver, regardless of whether that was by
methods for financing these triumphs or by methods for these triumphs which brought incredible
measures of goods, of which the Bayt Ul Maal got its offer, yet it likewise had different
wellsprings of salary, for example, the zakat of the individuals who wound up Muslim and the
jizyah of those individuals of the Book who declined to wind up Muslim.

Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) continued the policy of the Prophet (PBUH) of allocating land to the
people so that they could cultivate and develop it. Similarly, Hazrat Usman (R.A) allocated to
Zubayr some unused land and he allocated to Majti'ah ibn Marsrah a land in a village in al-
Yadmah. He wanted to allocate some land to Zabarqin ibn Badr, but then he changed his mind
when his companions objected. He also wanted to allocate to Uyaynah ibn Husn some barren
land that they wanted to cultivate, but then he changed his mind based on the opinion of his
companions which was that there was no need to soften their hearts towards Islam. He said: ‘The
Prophet used to soften your hearts but Islam was weak at that time, but now Allah has made
Islam strong, so now go and work hard for yourselves.’
IBF – Assignment # 1 SYED MUHAMMAD RAZA (11298) T/T 4th Slot

References:

1) http://www.arabnews.com/news/491746
2) http://www.quranreading.com/blog/life-history-of-hazrat-usman-ghani-r-a/
3) http://traditionalinfo.com/usman-ghani-r-a/
4) http://www.alim.org/library/biography/khalifa/content/KUT/12/1
5) http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/thesmus-1300559-presentation1/
6) https://islam44.blogspot.com/2011/08/honesty-in-business.html
7) http://sayedmuazzam.blogspot.com/2016/09/hazrat-usman-ghani-radi-allahu-taala.html
8) https://www.muslim-library.com/dl/books/english_The_Biography_of_Usman
(R.A)_ibn_Affan.pdf