GU-363 Guidelines For Work at Height and Access

Petroleum Development Oman L.L.C.
Document: Contract HSE Management
Guidelines for Work at Height & Access

(GU-363)
Document ID GU-363 Guideline for the Work at Height and Access
Document Type Guideline
Security Unrestricted
Discipline Management Safety & Environment
Document Owner Corporate Functional Discipline Head MSEM
Month and Year of

September 2013
Issue
Version 3.0
Keywords HSE Standards
FINAL
© Copyright 2013: This document is the property of Petroleum Development Oman, LLC.
Neither the whole nor any part of this document may be disclosed to others or reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means (electronic,
mechanical, reprographic recording or otherwise) without prior written consent of the
owner.
Version: 3.0
Petroleum Development Oman LLC Effective: November 2013
DOCUMENT Authorisation
Document Owner Document Custodian Document Author
Head of Corporate HSE-SD Head of Operational Safety Senior HSE Contract Support
Date: 19/09/2013 Date: 19/09/2013 Date: 19/09/2013
The following is a brief summary of the most recent revisions to this document. Details of
all revisions prior to these are held on file by the Document Custodian.
Version No. Date Author Scope / Remarks
Version 1.0 August Dr. Ben Taal First Issue

2000
Version 2.0 June 2012 Kevin Doyle Update on in line with PR1257. Included
the requirement for Competent ID
cards, supporting the rope access
requirements in 1257 and including
guidance on the ‘Life Line’ aspects.
Version 3.0 Sept 2013 Simon Hughes Revised following a significant revision
of Work at Height Specification.
User Notes:
The requirements of this document are mandatory. Non-compliance shall only be
authorised by CFDH Operations Safety through STEP-OUT approval.
A controlled copy of the current version of this document is on PDO's EDMS. Before making
reference to this document, it is the user's responsibility to ensure that any hard copy, or
electronic copy, is current. For assistance, contact the Document Custodian.
This document is the property of Petroleum Development Oman, LLC. Neither the whole nor
any part of this document may be disclosed to others or reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form by any means (electronic, mechanical, reprographic
recording or otherwise) without prior written consent of the owner.
Users are encouraged to participate in the ongoing improvement of this document by

providing constructive feedback.
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GU-363 Working at Height Guide Printed
The controlled version of this CMF Document resides online in Livelink®. Printed copies are UNCONTROLLED.
Version: 3.0
Related Business Processes & CMF Documents
Related Business Processes

Code Business Process (EPBM 4.0)
Parent Document(s)
Doc. No. Document Title
CP 122 HSE Management System Manual
Part 4 Inclusion in HEMP Controls
Other Related CMF Document(s)

Doc. No. Document Title
PR1708 Lifting and Hoisting Procedure Inspection Testing and Certification
PR1709 Lifting and Hoisting Procedure Lift Planning Execution
The related CMF Documents can be retrieved from the Corporate Business Control
Documentation Register CMF.
Keywords:
This document is the property of Petroleum Development Oman, LLC. Neither the whole
nor any part of this document may be disclosed to others or reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means (electronic, mechanical,
reprographic recording or otherwise) without prior written consent of the owner.
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Contents
Section Page
Introduction 6
1. Design, Planning and Organising for Work at Height 11
General Planning 13
Working Platforms 17
Work at Height Equipment 24
Design 26
Risk Assessment (HEMP), Method Statements and Permits 28
Danger Areas 29
Adverse Weather 30
Night Work or Poor Visibility 31
Fragile Surfaces 31
Emergency Planning and Rescue 34
2. Scaffolding 36
Planning for Scaffolding 36
Loading and Duty 40
Scaffolding Materials and Equipment 43
Scaffolding Working Platforms 45
Scaffold Stability and Integrity 51
Scaffolding Training and Competence 55
Preventing Falls in Scaffolding 58
Falling Object Protection 59
Scaffolding Access and Egress 59
Interface with Scaffolding 61
Scaffold Inspection 63
Scaffold Signs and Tagging Systems 66
Lightweight Mobile Access Towers (MATs) 67
3. Portable Ladders and other Low-level Access 68

Equipment (non-mechanical)
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Portable Ladders and Steps 69
Low-level Access Towers (Folding Towers, Podiums and 69

Hop-ups)
4. Powered Access 70
Mobile Elevating Work Platforms (MEWPs) 71
Mast Climbing Work Platforms (MCWPs) 73
Suspended Cradles 74
Passenger Hoists 76
Man-rider Baskets 76
5. Safety Netting 77
Fall Arrest Safety Netting 77
Tensioned Walk-on Nets (Working Platform Nets) 78
6. Rope Access 80
7. Personal Fall Protection Equipment (PFPE) 81
8. Temporary Edge Protection 86
9. Falls from Vehicles 87
10. Work on High Structures 88
11. Work Practices 88
Appendices
A. Example Scaffold Request Form 89
B. SP1257 Training Standards 90
C. Designed Scaffolds (List) 94
D. Typical Signs and Notices 96
E. Scaffold Inspection Report 98
F. References and Further Information 99
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Introduction
Background
Since 1999 PDO has formerly promoted safe working at height. The last version of the
Guidance document was in 2002. The challenge in keeping persons safe, while working at
height, continues. The more recent introduction of PDO Life Saving Rules includes and
promotes the fall prevention aspect. Nonetheless, fall prevention is only one small part of
working at height management. The standards of scaffolding and other at height access
methods in PDO remain a high risk concern and therefore the revision of this guidance to
support the understanding of SP1257 and what is required.
Purpose
The purpose of this document is to offer guidance to contractor supervisors, company line
management and HSE advisors on the requirements of planning and managing work at
height.
This Guideline describes PDO's requirements for:
 Working at Height
 Temporary Access Equipment (Scaffolding, Ladders, Powered Access etc)
 Roped Access
 Personal Fall Protection Equipment
Scope
This document applies to all activities involving scaffolding (onshore and offshore), working at
heights undertaken by PDO, and Contractor/Sub-Contractor personnel authorised to work on behalf
of PDO.
Although this Specification is focused on "Construction Contracts", it applies equally to all similar
activities, whether for maintenance, production operations or any other purpose.
The scope of this new Guideline has also changed to apply general principles for all work at height.
Some sections have been removed and will be included in new publications, these include:
 Work Over Water

 Lifting Operations
 Earthworks
Distribution / Target Audience & Further Copies
This guidance document is available on EDMS and targeted at:
 Contract Holder
 Company Site Representatives
 Contractor Managers
 Line management (Company & Contractor)
 HSE Advisors (Company & Contractor)
Performance Standards & Guidance

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The Work at Height Specification (SP 1257) is the main performance standard for work at
height for PDO. This guidance (GU 363) has been produced to support the specification
document and provide further information and reference.
A number of other external documents are cited in the specification that are also considered
minimum performance standards and guidance. The external performance standards and
guidance documents referenced in this guide include:
 International Standards (ISO)

 European Standards (EN)
 National Standards (BS, OSHA, ANSI)
 Industry Guidance (IPAF, NASC, PASMA etc.)
We would like to acknowledge the National Access and Scaffolding Confederation (NASC) for
kind permission to use of their images © Copyright remains property of the NASC.
Deliverables
Records
Records shall be maintained to document the implementation of this Specification (refer to CP 122
HSE Management System Manual, Chapter 6.4 References).
Records to be maintained include but are not restricted to the follow (see individual sections for
more details of specific records):
 Scaffold inspection reports

 Scaffold request forms
 HEMP risk assessments and method statements
 Training records and qualifications
 Maintenance and inspection records for plant and equipment
 Design drawings, calculations and design check certificates
 Manufacturer’s instruction manuals and technical data
Personnel Records for Work at Height Employees

Personnel records of scaffolders shall be maintained and kept up to date. They shall show:
 Card Number
 Full name of employee
 Date of birth
 Job category
 Employment application or personal data sheet (resumes)
 Company service agreement
 Copy of employee papers. (with visa page, labour permits, NOC’s)
 Authorisation for the release of personal data and record information
 Records of disciplinary actions and unsatisfactory performance
 Records of exceptional performance and achievements
 Medical assessment reports
 Resignation notices
 Copy of PDO passes and driving licence.
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Performance Monitoring
Compliance with this Specification shall be monitored through competent workplace supervision,
and periodic site inspection and auditing.
Review and Improvement
Any user of this document who encounters a mistake or confusing entry is requested to immediately
notify MSE using the ‘User Feedback Form’ provided in CP 122 HSE Management System Manual,
Part 2 Chapter 3.
This Specification shall be reviewed every 4 years. However changes to the current version may be
made in less than four years as the need arises depending upon the issue of new and relevant
environmental legislation and/or major organisational changes in PDO.
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Responsibilities
Asset Managers
Asset Managers are responsible for ensuring that the activities they control are
managed in accordance with the requirements of this Specification.
In the event that circumstances prevent compliance with this Specification, Asset
Managers shall seek the advice and if necessary, a ‘step-out approval’ from the
Document Authority. This approval requires recording subject areas, which do not
conform as a non-compliance (refer to the ‘Non Compliance Report Form CP 122 HSE
Management System Manual, Chapter 7, 7.2.5
Corporate Functional Discipline Heads

Corporate Functional Discipline Heads are responsible for ensuring that the requirements of
this Specification are reflected in the documents for which they are responsible.
Contract Holders
Contract Holders are responsible for communicating this Specification to Contractors, and
for ensuring that the requirements of this Specification are adhered to within the scope of
their contracts.
In the event that circumstances prevent compliance with this Specification, Contract Holders
shall seek the advice and if necessary, a ‘step-out approval’ from the Document Authority.
This approval requires recording subject areas, which do not conform as a non-compliance
(refer to the ‘Non Compliance Report Form CP 122 HSE Management System Manual,
Chapter 7, 7.2.5.
Contractors
Contractors are responsible for ensuring that activities undertaken within the scope
of their contracts are managed in accordance with the requirements of this
Specification and reported, where applicable to the Contract Holder.
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Legal Requirements
Legal requirements for industrial safety in Oman are established in Chapter 7 of
Sultan’s Decree No. 35/2003 “Oman Labour Law”. Legal requirements stipulate:
Article 87:
Every employer or employer’s representative must, before hiring an employee,

acquaint him with the hazards of his occupation and the preventive measures, which
must be adopted?
The employer must take the necessary precautions to protect the employees during
the work from injury to their health and dangers of work and machinery by: -
 Providing adequate safety and hygienic conditions in places of work or the tools
he delivers to the employees for carrying out their duties.
 Making sure that places of work are always clean and comply with the conditions
of health, safety and occupational health.
 Making sure that machinery, pieces of equipment and equipment are installed
and kept in safe condition.
The employer is not allowed to charge the employees or deduct from their salaries
any amounts for the provision of such protection.
Inspectors appointed by the Ministry have the power to examine the worker-related
records of an establishment and to enter places of work. Inspectors also have the
authority to question whoever they wish and to publish reports on the results of their
investigations. On the basis of the reports produced by the inspectors, the Ministry
will issue a written warning to an employer who infringes the regulations, stating the
nature of the offence and the time limit set for it to be discontinued.
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1. Design, Planning & Organising for Work at Height
Design of new installations/structures and planning of construction and maintenance, through

design risk assessment and innovative design, will endeavour to eliminate the need to work at height
or provide temporary access equipment. Where temporary access equipment would be required for
construction or future maintenance, then Designers must give consideration to requirements of such
temporary equipment for security, stability, safe assembly and use. This specification states where
design input is required before the use of certain types of work at height equipment. Temporary
works designers must be deemed competent and must complete the necessary checks in
accordance with this specification. Contractors who are required to carry out temporary works
design must demonstrate design control procedures and design checks in accordance with the
principles outlined in BS5975: 2008 +A1: 2011 Code of practice for temporary works etc. Design
checks must be carried out in accordance with the following table:
Category Comment Checker
0 Standard Solutions PDO Representative / contractor’s

management team.
1 Simple Designs Checked by another member of

the design team (not the original
designer).
2 Complex Designs *Another Engineer
(not involved or consulted)
3 Complex or Innovative *Check carried out by another

Designs with considerable organisation
engineering judgement
involved.
*Categories 2 and 3 must be recalculated from the original design.
Table 1 – Design checking requirements as per BS 5975 Code of Practice for Temporary Works.
For categories 1 to 3 a design check certificate must be completed and retained within a drawing
register. A copy of a design check certificate is appended to this specification in Appendix E.
Where necessary contractors and PDO employees planning for the use of work at height equipment
may need to seek design input from PDO or another competent engineer, before installing or using
working at height equipment on a suspended surface (e.g. floor, vessel, plant, building roof etc.) or
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supporting structure (e.g. steel infrastructure). Design input may also be required for other
temporary works such as foundations for large scaffolds or mobile plant equipment (e.g. large truck
mounted MEWPs or Cranes for use with man-rider baskets).
The design management requirements for work at height equipment (such as scaffolding) are
covered in further sections of this specification.
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General Planning
Falls from height and falling objects To provide some meaningful guidance and
present significant hazards to most differentiate between slips, trips and falls
construction, engineering and at the same level, PDO have established
maintenance activities. Work at height is 300mm as the height where temporary fall
defined at PDO as… protection and access and egress needs to
be considered (see figure 1 below).
…‘work from any height where
As a general life saving rule (LSR), no
a person or object could fall a
person shall be exposed to a risk of fall or
distance liable to cause the risk of being struck by falling objects
personal injury’. without suitable precautions being taken
in accordance with the work at height
This specification promotes the awareness hierarchy of controls stated in the PDO
and subsequent site assessment of all specification SP1257 (see figure 3 Work at
potential fall areas. The control measures Height Hierarchy below). This includes
should be stated in the HEMP records falls below ground e.g. a trench,
basement or open vessel.
(Hazard Effect Management Process).
 
Fig. 1 Guide for identifying where temporary fall prevention and protection measures
may be required.
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PDO Life Saving Rules (LSR) states:
‘Use specified fall-prevention equipment when working at height’ (see fig. 2) and
suggests that working at height is any activity above 2M. This LSR is a particular
dictate for fall prevention equipment and it should be stated that it is through risk
assessment, that appropriate control measures for all work at height activities should
be considered regardless of the height.
Fig. 2 LSR - 2m rule

for work at height
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The following hierarchy of controls is central to this work at height specification and must be
applied in all cases when planning work at height and selecting the most suitable access
equipment and control measures:
(i) Avoid
 Avoid work at height where possible.
 Design out the need for temporary access.
 Use existing access and places of work - use a safer alternative (e.g. avoiding
the need for people to be exposed to the risk of falling while erecting, altering
and dismantling scaffolding). Assess the suitability of existing places of work,
permanent accesses/stairways before resorting to temporary access and the
risks involved.
 Innovative design and planning - Pre-erect protection on the ground avoiding
elements of work at height e.g. pre-fix guardrail edge protection to structural
steelwork before lifting in to place by crane.
 Avoid handling materials and equipment at height, where possible.
(ii) Prevent
 Choose the most suitable equipment to prevent falls from height of people.
 Prevent objects falling from height.
 Use collective fall prevention measures (e.g. guardrails and toeboards) before
resorting to personal measures (e.g. a fall restraint lanyard and harness, work
positioning or rope access equipment).
 Select and use the correct equipment (specification, design, testing, maintain and
inspection of equipment).
 Engineering calculations, checking, inspection and testing.
 Inspect, service and maintain equipment.
 Testing where necessary (e.g. foundations, anchor ties etc.).
(iii) Protect
 Segregate work areas with physical barriers or similar.
 Physical protection measures (e.g. fans, sheeting, pavement gantries) to protect
against falling objects.
 Mitigate the risk - reduce the fall distance or potential severity (e.g. use shorter
ladders or stairways before long ladders).
 Use collective protection measures (e.g. safety netting) over personal (e.g. fall
arrest harness and lanyard).
 Warning signs and sentries.
 Planning for emergencies and rescue.
 Information, Instruction, Training and Supervision.
 Personal Protective Equipment - the last resort (e.g. Fall arrest safety harness
and lanyard or head protection for falling objects).
As a general principle of this specification, no person shall be exposed to a risk of fall or the
risk of being struck by falling objects without suitable precautions being taken in accordance
with this hierarchy of controls (see figure 3). This includes falls below ground e.g. a trench,
basement or open vessel.
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Fig. 3 Hierarchy of Controls
Avoid work at height so far as is reasonably

AVOID WORK practicable:
AT HEIGHT  Designers, Employers & Contractors should identify
opportunities to avoid work at height.
 Specialist Contractors should promote innovations to
their clients that can avoid work at height.
Examples:
 Prefixing guardrails to
steelwork, precast stairs etc.
before lifting
 Remote rigging of safety nets
 Modular installation of M&E
services
©NASC
If not reasonably practicable to avoid work

at height consider:
PREVENT FALLS  Preventing all falls from height where there is a risk of
injury regardless of the height.
 Collective protection measures as a priority over personal
protection. Use equipment (such as guard-rails) to provide
collective fall protection & prevent falls before resorting
to personal protection such as work restraint harnesses
and lanyards for example.
Examples:
 Scaffolding with guardrails
 MEWP’s
 Temporary edge protection
 Fall restraint harness and
lanyard (last resort)
Where it is not reasonably practicable to

MITIGATE THE
prevent falls consider:
DISTANCE &  The distance a person can fall and the consequences
CONSEQUENCES (potential injury) must be minimised.
OF A FALL  Collective protection measures must have priority over
personal protection.
 Collective fall arrest (e.g. safety nets) must be considered
before personal fall protection equipment.
AT ALL STAGES GIVE
COLLECTIVE PROTECTION Examples:
 Safety Nets
PRIORTY OVER PERSONAL  Rope Access
 Horizontal lines
PROTECTION ©NASC
 Personal fall arrest
(last resort)
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Working Platforms
Working Platforms 1900mm, where possible. Platforms for

access only may be a minimum width of
This guideline applies to all temporary 500mm.
working platforms for work at height
construction and maintenance workers Guardrails and handrails must be secured
only. A higher specification may be so that they do not become accidentally
required for other workers (office staff), displaced. Guardrails are for preventing
visitors or the general public. Special people from falling only, where protection
consideration needs to be given for is required for bulk materials, vehicles or
temporary access equipment provided in other mobile plant, then special
place of a permanent means of access consideration needs to be given to such
and egress (e.g. a temporary replacement edge protection and design advice sought.
fire escape to an office building). A main guardrail shall be provided at least
950mm above the surface of the working
Note that there are different specifications platform. There shall be no vertical gap
for ‘onshore’ and ‘offshore’ installations. greater than 470mm onshore and 250mm
Where a product specification have offshore. There is no maximum height of a
different dimensions to those specified in guardrail specified providing the maximum
this specification, then the higher standard vertical gap dimension is maintained,
of safety must be adopted (see Appendix therefore additional guardrails can be
A Performance Specifications). provided as determined through risk
All working platforms and constituent assessment.
parts shall be of sufficient strength and There shall be no lateral gaps in guardrails
stability to prevent collapse, overturning except for access and egress, in which
or accidental displacement during their case must be protected to prevent people
intended use. All structures and surfaces falling (e.g. gates, hatches or similar
must be assessed to ensure they will protection), with the exception of
adequately support temporary working stairways where access opens onto a
platforms and access equipment, and landing area (see methods of access and
where necessary specialist engineering egress section 5.10).
advice, testing and calculations obtained
(e.g. scaffolding to be suspended from a Guardrails shall be provided to stairways
pipe rack structure or based out on top of to the same dimensions. The main
a vessel). guardrail (min 950mm) must be capable
of being used to maintain a handhold
Working platforms must be of sufficient (handrail). Toeboards are not required for
dimensions to allow safe working and safe the stair sections, however must be
passage of people and materials, within provided to the landings of a stairway.
the constraints of the workplace
environment. As a guideline working A toeboard of at least 150mm must be
platforms should be a minimum of 600mm provided above the working platform to
wide and clear access in height of prevent people or materials falling. There
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shall be no gap (or a minimal gap no platforms (e.g. scaffolders). The passage
greater than 25mm) between the of materials or equipment should be
toeboard and the surface of the platform. planned and where necessary loading
Alternatively a catch-rail, at the same bays or towers provided with special
dimension (150mm), may be appropriate loading gates that allow the passage of
for personnel fall protection (e.g. at a materials whilst maintaining collective
sloping surface where a timber board may guardrail protection.
fail or access is required to edge of a
surface that would be impeded by a The general requirements for working
toeboard), however the risk of falling platforms and the minimum dimensions
objects must be managed where a required; these are illustrated below in
toeboard is not provided. figures 3 and 4. Planning for work at
height must ensure that all working
Where existing places of work or other platforms conform to these minimum
existing barriers are to be used for a requirements.
temporary working platform, or part of,
then the existing guardrails and toeboard All permanent working platforms and
(alternative barrier) needs to be assessed access ways shall be designed in
against this specification to be deemed accordance with EN 1991 (Eurocode 1)
suitable. Actions on Structures.
If any platform, guardrail or toeboard The Work at Height Specification (SP1257)

needs to be removed to allow the passage specifies the minimum requirements for
of materials, plant or equipment, or the working platforms. There are different
performance of a task, then it shall only specifications for ‘onshore’ and ‘offshore’
be removed for the shortest time installations (see figures 4 and 5 Working
necessary and reinstated as soon as Platforms).
possible thereafter. Before any platform, These dimensions are for construction,
guardrail or toeboard is removed suitable engineering and maintenance workers
compensatory measures must be taken to only, a higher standards of protection will
protect against the risk of a fall or falling be required for the general public, visitors
object. Only competent and authorised and others.
persons may alter or adapt working
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Fig. 4 Minimum dimensions for working platforms ‘on-shore’
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Fig. 5 Minimum dimensions for working platforms ‘off-shore’
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Existing places of work
 Where existing places of work or other  All permanent working platforms and
existing barriers are to be used for a access ways shall be designed in
temporary working platform, then they accordance with BS EN 1991
need to be assessed against the (Eurocode 1) Actions on Structures.
specification to be deemed suitable.
General Requirements for Working Platforms
 All working platforms shall be of with the exception of bracing and ties
sufficient strength and stability to required for scaffolding stability.
prevent accidental displacement
during their intended use.  If any platform, guardrail or toeboard
needs to be removed to allow the
 All structures and surfaces must be passage of materials, plant or
assessed to ensure they will equipment, or the performance of a
adequately support temporary working task, then it shall only be removed for
platforms and access equipment. the shortest time necessary and
reinstated as soon as possible
 Where necessary specialist thereafter.
engineering advice, testing and
calculations obtained (e.g. scaffolding  Before any platform, guardrail or
to be suspended from a pipe rack toeboard is removed suitable
structure or based out on top of a compensatory measures must be
vessel). taken to protect against the risk of a
fall or falling object (e.g. safety
 Working platforms must be of harnesses).
sufficient dimensions to allow safe
working and safe passage of people  Only competent and authorised
and materials, within the constraints of persons may alter or adapt working
the workplace environment. platforms (e.g. scaffolders).
 As a guideline working platforms

should be a minimum of 600mm wide
and have 1900mm height of clear
access, where possible (figure 6).
 Platforms for access only may be a

minimum width of 500mm.
 Clear access along working platforms

should be maintained where possible,
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passage of materials whilst

maintaining collective guardrail
protection (see fig. 7)
 Gaps in working platforms where

people or materials could fall should
be avoided where possible, kept as
small as practical to allow the
performance of a task and the risk of
people falling, injury (slips or trips) or
falling objects must be controlled (see
information on Falling Object
Protection and Scaffolding).
 All working platforms must have safe

access and egress, with consideration
made for emergencies and rescue (see
Access and egress methods).
 Consider all loads to be applied to

working platforms (service, wind,
dynamic etc.) and ensure a safe load
rating is established, clearly displayed
and observed.
Fig 6 Minimum dimensions of a

working platform
 The passage of materials or equipment

should be planned and where
necessary special loading bays
provided with gates that allow the
Fig 7 Example of a loading bay gate system that maintains collective fall protection.
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Guardrails
 A main guardrail shall be provided at stairways where access opens onto a

least 950mm above the surface of the landing area (see methods of access
working platform. and egress).
 There shall be no vertical between  The main guardrail (min 950mm) must
guardrails etc. gap greater than be capable of being used to maintain a
470mm onshore and 250mm offshore. handhold on stairways (handrail).
 There is no maximum height of a  Guardrails and handrails must be

guardrail specified providing the secured so that they do not become
maximum vertical gap dimension is accidentally displaced.
maintained, therefore additional
guardrails can be provided.  Guardrails are for preventing people
from falling only, where protection is
 There shall be no lateral gaps in required for bulk materials, vehicles or
guardrails except for access and other mobile plant, then special
egress, in which case must be consideration needs to be given to
protected to prevent people falling such edge protection and design
(e.g. gates, hatches or similar advice sought.
protection), with the exception of
Toeboards
 A toeboard of at least 150mm high objects must be managed where a

must be provided above the working toeboard is not provided.
platform to prevent people or
materials falling.  Toeboards must be secured so that
cannot become accidentally displaced
 There shall be no gap (or a minimal (Fig. 8).
gap no greater than 25mm) between
the toeboard and the surface of the  Toeboards are not required for the
platform. stair sections (stringers), however
must be provided to the landings of a
 Alternatively a catch-rail, at the same stairway.
dimension (150mm), may be
appropriate for personnel fall
protection (e.g. at a sloping surface
where a timber board may fail or
access is required to edge of a surface
that would be impeded by a
toeboard), however the risk of falling
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Fig 8. Toeboards to a scaffolding working platform
Work at Height Equipment
Work at Height Equipment Access etc.) - work at height equipment,

as detailed within this specification.
Work at height equipment must conform
to the specification requirements in Aluminium Alloy Work at Height
Appendix A Performance Standards. Equipment/Components
Where equipment is falls outside of the
scope of these requirements listed or is Damaged or Defective Equipment
manufactured/supplied to an alternative
Damaged or defective equipment must be
comparable standard, then ‘special removed from use and placed in a clearly
dispensation’ must be granted in the form signed quarantine area or labelled ‘Do not
of a ‘step-out approval’ from the use’ until repaired or disposed of to
Document Authority. prevent use. Where possible physical
steps should be taken to prevent use e.g.
Homemade or improvised work at height mechanically disabled or destroyed.
equipment of access equipment is strictly
prohibited. Repairs must only be carried out by
authorised and trained persons using
Only competent and authorised persons suitable components and spares.
are permitted to erect, alter, dismantle -
or where appropriate, use (MEWP, Rope
Page 24 of 99
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The selection of the correct equipment for  Proprietary work at height equipment
the task is a key element to ensuring must be used in accordance with the
safety for work at height. When planning manufacturers’ instructions.
work at height the hierarchy of controls Otherwise, as stated in this
(figure 3) must be considered when specification, must be designed by a
selecting suitable work equipment. suitably competent engineer (see
other sections in this document for
General Requirements for Work at Height more details regarding design
Equipment engineering e.g. scaffolding).
 All work at height equipment must be
fit for purpose and maintained in good  Homemade or improvised work at
order. height equipment or access equipment
is strictly prohibited.
 All work at height equipment must be
inspected, and if necessary tested,  Only competent and authorised
before use for the first time or after persons are permitted to erect, alter,
substantial alteration or adaption. dismantle - or where appropriate, use
(MEWP, Rope Access etc.) - work at
 Thereafter, all work at height height equipment, as detailed within
equipment must be inspected at this specification.
suitable intervals as determined by this
specification or more frequently if  Damaged or defective equipment must
necessary to check for deterioration or be removed from use and placed in a
after any event that may adversely clearly signed quarantine area or
jeopardise its safety or integrity (e.g. labelled ‘Do not use’ until repaired or
high winds). disposed of to prevent use.
 Records of the appropriate inspection,  Where possible physical steps should

examination or testing must be kept in be taken to prevent use e.g.
accordance with the relevant mechanically disabled or destroyed.
requirements of PDO specifications
and procedures.  Repairs must only be carried out by
authorised and trained persons using
suitable components and spares.
IMPORTANT - Aluminium alloy shall not be used in any type of work

at height equipment in designated Zone 0 or Zone 1 hazardous
areas.
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Design
Design of new installations/structures will endeavour to eliminate the need to work at height
or provide temporary access equipment.
Where temporary access equipment would be required for construction or future

maintenance, then Designers must give consideration to requirements of such temporary
equipment for security, stability, safe assembly and use.
General Requirements for Temporary Works Design
 The Work at Height Specification  The use of work at height equipment

(SP1257) states where design input is may need design input from PDO or
required before the use of certain another competent engineer, before
types of work at height equipment. installing or using working at height
equipment on a suspended surface
 Temporary Works Design must be (e.g. floor, vessel, plant, building roof
undertaken in accordance with the etc.) or supporting structure (e.g. steel
specification and the principles infrastructure).
outlined in the Code of Practice for
Temporary Works (BS 5975).  Design input may also be required for
other temporary works such as
 Temporary works designers must be foundations for large scaffolds or
deemed competent and must mobile plant equipment (e.g. large
complete the necessary checks in truck mounted MEWPs or Mobile
accordance with this specification. Cranes for use with man-rider
baskets).
 Contractors who are required to carry
out temporary works design must Main Performance Standards
demonstrate design control procedures  BS5975:2008 +A1: 2011 Code of
and design checks in accordance with practice for temporary works etc.
the principles outlined in code of
practice BS 5975.
 Design checks must be carried out in

accordance with table 1.
 For categories 1 to 3 a design check

certificate must be completed and
retained with a drawing register (see
SP1257).
Page 26 of 99
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Category Comment Checker
0 Standard Solutions PDO Representative /

contractor’s management team.
1 Simple Designs Checked by another member of

the design team (not the
original designer).
2 Complex Designs *Another Engineer
(not involved or consulted)
3 Complex or Innovative *Check carried out by another

Designs with organisation (completely
considerable independent)
engineering judgement
involved.
*Categories 2 and 3 must be recalculated from the original design.
Table 1 – PDO Design checking requirements as per BS 5975 Code of Practice for
Temporary Works.
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Risk Assessment (HEMP), Method Statements & Permits
The use of work at height equipment must be subject a risk assessment, HEMP, method
statement (or work plan) and permit to work.
General Requirements
 The complexity of the access communicated to all persons involved

equipment will determine how much in the work at height task.
detail is required in the risk
assessment and method statement.
 A standard (generic) risk assessment/

method statement may be acceptable
for routine work at height operations
providing it is supplemented with job
specific information (e.g. via the
permit to work system or similar task
based risk assessment).
 The use of work at height equipment No Unauthorised

(including erection, altering and
Access
dismantling operations) will be subject
to the requirements of the permit to
Access Permit
work system (ref PR 1172 Permit To
Work System Procedure Manual). Required
 In addition to the normal Permit to

Work systems on site, certain work at Fig. 9 Example restricted access sign
height operations (E.g. Rope Access)
or high structures (stacks or roofs) Main Performance Standards
may require special access permits.
 CP121 HSE Management System –
Part 4 Hazardous Effect Management
 In such cases permanent access ways
Process (HEMP)
must be restricted and warning signs
displayed stating ‘No Unauthorised
 PR 1172 Permit To Work System
Access’ and ‘Access Permit Required’.
Procedure Manual
 The risk assessment, method

statement and permit must be
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Danger Areas
Any area where people may be exposed to a risk of falling or be at risk of injury from falling
objects shall be designated as a work at height ‘danger area’.
Fig. 10 Example of a Danger Area for work at height with signs and barriers.
 Where a danger area has been  As a general principle operations

identified access must be restricted, should be co-ordinated so that work at
where possible, to prevent height is not carried out aloft or above
unauthorised access by: other workers, access ways etc.
1. Physical means to restrict access  Where this is not a practicable option,

with barriers or similar measures. the steps must be taken to prevent
objects falling from height (e.g.
2. Warning Signs tethering of tools and materials) and
provide physical protection from falling
 The same precautions are required for objects (e.g. pedestrian gantries with
incomplete or out of service scaffolds. crash decks, protection fans, sheeting
or debris netting etc.)
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Adverse Weather
Management and supervision must consider the increased risks to health and safety from
adverse weather conditions when planning, organising and managing work at height. This
must include:
 High winds
 Lightening
 Sand-storms (shimal), fog and mist where visibility is reduced
 Extremes of temperature (heat stress and cold)
 Wet or slippery surfaces
Work in high winds
 As a general rule all work at height

shall cease when wind speed reaches
40 km/h.
 When handling sheet materials a safe

maximum wind speed may be <40
km/h and must be subject to specific
risk assessment.
 However, consideration must be given

to the stated maximum wind speed for
operating proprietary work at height
equipment as per the manufacturer’s
instructions (e.g. a MEWP may state a
lower maximum wind speed).
 The only exception being such work Fig. 11 Typical Handheld Anemometer
which is intended to render the
structure or work at height equipment
safe or for an emergency rescue.  Sheeting, netting, a temporary roof,
habitat, shelter or large sign board
 Fixed or handheld anemometers must not be added to scaffolding or
should be used to determine and other work at height equipment unless
monitor wind speeds. Information may it has been designed for the additional
be available from site control rooms or wind loads.
tower cranes on construction sites.
Lightning and earthing (Appendix A
Performance Standards)
 During the possibility of a

thunderstorm, no work shall be carried
Page 30 of 99
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out at a height where a person can be Affects of working in hot and humid
exposed to lightning. conditions (welfare) Heat Stress is a major.
Hazard registers and specific HSE Plans must
 Management must consider the capture all HSE measures for the management
requirements for earthing work at of working at height activities in these
height equipment (e.g. scaffolding), if conditions. In addition Tool Box meetings
the equipment can undermine an must include the identification of the hazards
existing lightening protection system, e.g. hot metal tubes, as well as the relevant
or if determined as required because control measures. It is important for all
of high voltage electricity equipment in supervisors to consider this hazard when
the vicinity (e.g. electricity substation). preparing for work involving outdoor tasks,
radiant sources (machinery) and the fitness
Wet Surfaces / Structures
and acclimatisation of the workforce. All
 When work at height is required on working at height activities, as part of the site
wet structures or their means of planning, must include arrangements for
access, those facilities shall be hydration centres i.e. drinking stations as well
inspected by the job supervisor and as ensure that the work force are provided
Company Site Representative prior to with appropriate
starting the work.
 Work at height tasks must consider
 Where such facilities become wet
the additional hazards presented from
during the operation, work may
hot or cold workplace environments.
continue only in order to make the
structures safe.
 Risks associated with heat stress are
increased when working at height or
 Work shall then cease until inspection
operating work at height equipment.
by the job supervisor and Company
Site Representative confirms that it is
 Reduced temperature at high levels
safe to continue.
and wind chill factors in exposed
conditions need to be considered
when planning work at height.
Extreme Temperatures for Work at Height
Night Work or Poor Visibility
 Any work at height which must be  Such authorisation shall include the
carried out during the hours of required standard of illumination (task
darkness will be treated as the lighting).
‘exception’ and shall be subject to
written authorisation from the  Erection and / or dismantling of
Company Site Representative. scaffolding during the hours of
darkness is only permitted in cases of
extreme urgency and when no other
Page 31 of 99
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practicable alternative can be steam clouds then work at height must

identified (e.g. high risk work in busy cease until normal visibility resumes.
areas during quieter hours).
 Workplaces with poor levels of visibility
 Where visibility becomes adversely require suitable task lighting to be
restricted due to fog, mist, dust or provided.
Fragile Surfaces
 The risk of falling through fragile  Where fragile materials have been
surfaces (e.g. roofing materials) must identified post permanent warning
be considered as part of the planning signs on buildings and structures to
process. warn others (fig.12).
 Where a potentially fragile surface has

been identified the following hierarchy
of controls shall be considered:
1. Avoid access on or near the fragile

surface.
2. Prevent falls by providing

coverings, guardrails or similar
barriers
3. Arrest falls through fragile surfaces

e.g. working platforms or safety
netting beneath.
 When designing or specifying Fig. 12 Typical warning sign

materials ensure that they can
support all foreseeable loads.
Fig. 13 Safety netting to protect against falls through fragile roof lights
Page 32 of 99
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Emergency Planning and Rescue
Planning for work at height and the erection, use, alteration and dismantling of work at
height equipment must consider arrangements for emergency and rescue.
Emergency and rescue plans must be

considered in the planning, risk  Emergency rescue training, exercises
assessment (HEMP), method statement and drills.
and permit to work processes, including:
 As a general principle for rescue and
 Temporary access and egress routes. recovery of workers from a height, the
rescue plan should consider remote
 Fire Planning (fire at height) to ensure rescue equipment before resorting to
fire safety arrangements are fully assisted rescue equipment that
established include in the inspection may expose rescuers to additional
sheets. hazards (see examples in fig. 15
below).
 Restrictions/obstructions to existing
emergency access and egress routes  Rescue plans should not wholly rely
(e.g. emergency access road blocked upon the use of public or site
by a MEWP or scaffolding). emergency services.
 The type and specification of

Rescue Equipment
emergency escape or rescue
equipment.
 Rescue equipment must be suitable for
 Rescue and recovery of workers at the task and foreseeable scenarios.
height (mobile plant operators,
scaffolders, abseilers etc.).  Must be maintained in good order.
 Emergency evacuation or provision of  Must be readily available at the

safe refuse/escape kits on site from workplace.
temporary access equipment (e.g.
scaffolding, MEWP, rope access etc.).
 Have sufficient numbers of trained
 Timely rescue and recovery of persons workers to facilitate a rescue.
suspended in personal fall protection
equipment (safety harness).  Carry out drills and exercises to ensure
rescue plans can be executed in a
 Post recovery treatment and timely manner.
emergency medical assistance.
Page 33 of 99
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Main Performance Standards
 SP1257 Work at Height Specification  NASC SG19 A guide to formulating a

rescue plan
 BS 8437 Code of practice for selection,
use and maintenance of personal fall  IPAF Operators Safety Guide
protection systems and equipment for
use in the workplace  IRATA International Code of Practice
 BS 7985 Code of practice for the use

of rope access methods for industrial
purposes
©NASC
Fig. 14 A selection of specialist rescue equipment
©NASC
©NASC
Fig. 15 Examples of a) remote rescue and b) fully assisted rescue techniques
Page 34 of 99
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2. Scaffolding
The Work at Height Specification (SP1257) details the requirements of PDO for the
management of access and special purpose scaffolds.

 BS EN 12811-1 Scaffolds. Performance requirements and general design.
 BS EN 12810-1 Facade scaffolds made of prefabricated components. Product
specifications.
 NASC TG20 Technical Guidance on the use of BS EN 12811-1. A guide to good practice
for scaffolding with tubes and fittings
 BS 5975 Code of practice for temporary works procedures.
 BS EN 1991 Parts 1-4 Actions on structures. Wind Loads
 NASC SG4 Preventing Falls in Scaffolding
Planning for Scaffolding
Scaffold Requests & Surveys
To request scaffolding to be erected,

altered or dismantled a Scaffold Request  Assist in the selection of the most
Form should be completed and submitted suitable access equipment.
to the scaffolding manager/contractor, as
 Determine the level of design input
part of the planning process (see template
required.
in Appendix A/appendix D).
 Assess the location and work
Where possible, a survey of the workplace
environment for access routes,
should be undertaken with a Scaffolding handling and storage of materials,
Management Representative (e.g. ground/surface conditions/supporting
Scaffolding Manager, Supervisor, Planner, structures etc.
Estimator/Surveyor) and the Scaffold
Requestor or other representative.
The Scaffolding Management
Representative should record the initial
The purpose of the survey is to:
risk assessment and survey. This
information should be retained as a record
 Complete an initial risk assessment
(including consideration for existing with the Scaffold Request Form (this may
hazards, controls, permits etc.) be stored electronically).
 Establish the scope and dimensions of

the scaffolding required.
 The nature of the work, likely loading,

numbers of personnel dimensions etc.
Page 35 of 99
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Fig. 5 Example of Scaffold Request process
Scaffolding Requirement
Identified
Requestor completes a
Scaffold Request Form (SRF) SRF
and issues to Scaffolding
Manager
Requestor and Scaffolding

Design, Calcs & Risk
Mgr. / Supervisor carry out a
Check Assessment
survey and complete a risk
Certificates
assessment (HEMP)
Obtain design and design

Is Design
checks. Issue designs & check
certificate to scaffolding Mgr. Input
Needed?
Complete Design Register

Complete HEMP Risk
Assessment and Method
Statement(s)
Design
Register
Scaffolding Mgt to begin job
planning for erection,
altering and dismantle.
Page 36 of 99
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For guidance on whether design input is planning stage. Where necessary the
required and the level of design checking Scaffolding Management Representative
required refer to Appendix C - Scaffolding should seek design advice from PDO or
Design Matrix. the client’s representative to ensure that
the foreseeable loadings can be sustained.
The Scaffolding Management Specialist surveys, calculations or testing
Representative must consider ground may be required to determine the
conditions, other surfaces or structures suitability of foundations, ties or
that will support and/or stabilise suspension points.
scaffolding structures for suitability at the
Scaffold Design
Scaffolding Contractors must be able to

demonstrate effective arrangements for  A design check certificate should be
managing scaffolding design. These completed by the Design Checker and
issued with the drawings and calculations.
arrangements shall include:
An example of an acceptable design check
 Management and Supervision to certificate is appended to this specification
demonstrate knowledge of structures in Appendix E.
requiring design engineering (see  A system for controlling drawings as
Appendix C - Scaffold Design List) ‘Preliminary’, ‘For Approval’ and ‘Working
Drawing’, and must also include a unique
 Adequate and competent scaffold drawing number with a method for
design engineering resources. identifying any subsequent revisions (see
fig. 16).
 Design checks have been carried out
and Design Check Certificates  Information relating to any significant
completed in accordance with the residual hazards or hazardous work
specification. sequences are clearly highlighted on the
drawings following the designers risk
 Design Engineers must be able to assessment (Fig. 17).
demonstrate that an independent
engineer has checked the design and  Selection of competent Scaffolders for
calculations, before issuing. designed scaffolding and appropriate
levels of competent supervision (see
 These checks may be carried out in- Training Standards).
house, unless specified as categories 2
or 3 in the table 1 and the design
 A system for recording the issuing of
matrix (Appendix C) or otherwise
drawings to the scaffold gang.
requested by PDO as requiring third
party design checking.
 In which case the ‘Checker’ must be

completely independent and
demonstrate similar levels of
competence and professional
indemnity, if necessary.
Page 37 of 99
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Fig. 17 Example of a warning on a scaffold

design drawing.
Fig. 16 Example of drawing control
status.
 A system for managing significant

variations or alterations from the
design (and re-checking if necessary).
 Inspection and commissioning

arrangements to verify the scaffold
has been constructed in accordance
with the design.
 The Scaffold Inspector must have

sight of the drawing in order to carry
out the commissioning and handover
inspection.
Page 38 of 99
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Loading and Duty
The Scaffold Request Form must include

details of intended use and any foreseen  Consider the nature of loading e.g. by
loading requirements to enable the hand, mechanical lifting equipment,
Scaffolding Contractor to determine the palletised etc.
correct scaffold configuration and obtain
the necessary design input, if required.  Use BS EN 12811 load classes (or
The Requestor should ensure that the duty) for scaffolding structures (see
weight of any materials or equipment to table 2 for guidance).
be loaded on a scaffold is established and
where necessary calculated by a  The maximum loading or duty of a
Competent Engineer. scaffold must be displayed on the
scaffold.
Table 2 (below) is provided as a guide for
determining the load classification (or
 General access and working scaffolds
duty) of access and working scaffolds for
PDO. must display the loading information
at each point of access (e.g. scaffold
The maximum loading or duty of a
tag).
scaffold must be displayed on the scaffold.
General access and working scaffolds
must display the loading information at  Special purpose scaffolds designed for
each point of access, usually on the specific loading such as lifting frames
scaffold tagging system (see Appendix D and loading towers must clearly
Scaffold Signs and Tagging Systems). display the maximum load and any
All loads that are likely to be imposed on loading restrictions of (E.g. maximum
any scaffolding structure must be loading, uniformly distributed, point
considered as part of the planning process loading etc.).
(including materials, personnel, wind,
impact etc.) and the required duty (class)  Do not fix lifting or rigging equipment
(e.g. chain blocks or cable pullers) to
determined.
scaffolding unless it has been designed
for the purpose or approved by an
Engineer.
 Establish the intended use and any
 Never exceed the specified maximum
foreseen loading requirements to
loading of any scaffold or load
determine the correct scaffold
scaffolding to give rise to the risk of
configuration and obtain design input,
collapse, including the storage of
if required.
scaffolding materials during erection,
alteration or dismantling.
 Established the weight (mass) of any
materials or equipment to be loaded
on a scaffold.
Page 39 of 99
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Fig. 18 loading restrictions clearly displayed
Page 40 of 99
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Table 2. PDO - Guidelines for access and working scaffold load classes1
Uniformly
Duty BS EN 12811 distributed load on
Typical Loading Examples
Classification platform
Kg/m2 (kN/m2)
Inspection, painting, light
cleaning or access.
Very light duty Class 1 75 (0.75)
One worker per m2

Light maintenance work,
painting, cleaning or
access.
Light duty Class 2 150 (1.50)
Two workers per m2

General maintenance work
or access.
General + 50Kg
Class 3 200 (2.00)
purpose
Two workers + 50Kg of
equipment and materials
per m2
Heavier maintenance work
or access.
+ 100Kg
Heavy Duty Class 4 300 (3.00)
Two workers + 100Kg of

equipment and materials
per m2
All special purpose
Special
Class 5-6 As per design scaffolds MUST be
purpose*
designed!
Notes to table:
1
Guidance only and must be read in conjunction with SP1257 Appendix A - BS EN 12811, NASC TG20 table 1
*Design engineering and calculations required.
Page 41 of 99
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Scaffolding Materials and Equipment
All scaffolding materials must be provided that they cannot fall, collapse or
in accordance with the Performance overturn, including during
Standards stated in the PDO Work at transportation and handling by
Height Specification (SP1257). mechanical equipment.
General Requirements  All scaffolding operatives, including

 Materials must be in serviceable Labourers must be trained in the safe
condition, clean and free from handling of scaffolding materials and
contamination. the use of ancillary handling
equipment such as handlines, gin
 Contractors must demonstrate a wheels and ropes etc. (see Training
systematic approach to the inspection, and Competence and fig. 19).
servicing and repair of scaffolding
materials.
 Only authorised and competent

persons are permitted to carry out
repairs.
 Scaffolding material must not be

repaired or serviced on site unless
authorised to do so by PDO, and in
which case must be carried out in a
designated area. ©NASC
 The highest standards of

housekeeping must be maintained on
site at all times.
Fig. 19 Manual handling training session.
 Temporary storage areas must be
agreed with PDO or appointed  Gin wheels and ropes are classed as
representative, and must be lifting equipment and must be
considered as part of the initial risk inspected and maintained in
assessment. accordance with PR1708 and PR1709.
The minimum load rating must be
 Storage racks and equipment for bulk 50Kg. The load rating must be clearly
scaffolding materials must be designed displayed.
for the purpose and maintained in
good order. Safe access must be  The maximum projection from the
provided for large storage racks scaffold is 750mm. The tube
including ladders and guardrails. supporting the gin wheel must be
Materials must be stored securely so fixed with right angle couplers to a
Page 42 of 99
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minimum of two standards or ledgers.  Where possible materials should be

Joints in the standards or ledgers must stored within the designated area
be made with a sleeve coupler or a which is clearly marked with suitable
bolted joint in the case of system signs and barriers.
scaffolding.
 Following dismantling, materials must
 Only ring type gin wheels may be used be removed as soon as possible.
that are secured with a right angle
coupler each side.  Following scaffolding erection,
alteration and dismantling, the
Scaffolding Contractor/Supervisor
must inspect the area to ensure all
excess materials are removed.
 Materials must not be stored upright

unless they are to be immediately
handled. In which case they must be
positioned so that they are secure and
cannot accidentally fall.
 Materials stored at height within a

scaffold must be positioned so that
they cannot fall or become windblown
(fig. 20).
Fig. 20 Example of a Gin Wheel
 The Scaffolding Contractor is
responsible for the removal from site
and responsible disposal of all waste
created by the scaffolding operations.
Materials at the Workplace
 Only the quantities of scaffolding
materials required to service the
specific task are permitted to be
stored at the workplace.
 Only materials currently being used to

©NASC
construct or adapt scaffolding or
awaiting removal immediately
following dismantling may be stored at
the workplace.
 Materials must be stored in a safe Fig. 21 Example of scaffolding materials

manner, so not to present a tripping stored safely during erection on site.
hazard, obstruct access or inhibit other
operations.
Page 43 of 99
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 All scaffolding operatives, including Main Performance Standards

Labourers must be trained in the safe  NASC SG6 Manual Handling in the
handling of scaffolding materials (see Scaffolding Industry.
section 5.6 Scaffolding Training and
Competence).
Page 44 of 99
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Scaffold Working Platforms
All scaffolding working platforms must be provided in accordance with the minimum
requirements stated in section 4.2 Working Platforms, above. The technical standards in
Appendix A provide specifications for dimensions, strength and stability. BS EN 12811 and
TG20 specify minimum platform widths and bay lengths for scaffolding depending upon the
classification or duty required. The specification has different requirements for scaffolds
constructed ‘onshore’ and ‘offshore’.
Guardrails, toeboards or similar barriers may only be removed by competent Scaffolders,

and only for the shortest time necessary to perform a particular task, and must be
reinstated as soon as practicable. While guardrails, toeboards or similar barriers have been
removed suitable compensatory fall protection measures must be taken (e.g. use of
personal fall protection equipment such as safety harnesses). Also these areas must be then
designated as ‘Danger Areas’ with suitable warning signs displayed and physical means to
restrict access.
Scaffolding Guardrails, toeboards or similar barriers
 Working platforms, where possible

considering any workplace restrictions,
must be of sufficient dimensions for;
the planned work to be carried out,
allowing safe access and egress, space
for working, use of work equipment
and storage of materials.
 All guardrails, toeboards or similar

barriers must be secured and ©NASC
supported so that they cannot become

accidentally displaced.
Fig. 22 ‘Onshore’ platform dimensions
 The top (main) guardrail or other
similar means of protection (e.g.  A platform used solely to erect, alter
guardrail frames) must be at least or dismantle scaffolding by scaffolders
950mm above the working platform (fig. 22) may use a single main
(fig. 21). guardrail at 950mm only (see
Preventing Falls in Scaffolding SG4).
 An intermediate guardrail or similar
barrier must be positioned so that
there is no gap greater than 470mm
‘Onshore’ (fig. 21) and 250mm
‘Offshore’ between guardrails or
toeboard.
Page 45 of 99
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 Toeboards must be a minimum of

150mm high.
 Gaps between toeboards and working

platforms must be minimised and must
not be greater than 25mm where
materials could fall.
 All toeboards must be fixed at a

©NASC
minimum of two positions, so that
they are adequately secured.
Fig.23 SG4 Scaffolder’s Working Platform

 There should be no lateral gaps
between guardrails, toeboards or
similar barriers except where access
 Guardrails must be supported by a
and egress is required e.g. external
load bearing coupler at each standard
stairway or ladder to access a scaffold
or up-right, with exception of returns
working platform.
and stop-ends where a single coupler
may be used.
 Access openings in guardrails and
working platforms must be protected
 Toeboards must be fixed to all working
(see methods of access and egress).
platforms where there is a risk of
people or materials falling.
Decking & boarding
 Scaffold working platforms should be  All 3.9m long scaffold boards must be
fully boarded where practicable supported by at least 4 transoms (fig.
without gaps where people or 27).
materials could fall and injure
 Boards less than 2.7m must be
someone (see gaps in platforms supported by a minimum of 3
below). transoms.
 All proprietary system decks and  All short scaffold boards less than
stagings must be fixed and secured in 2.13m long should not be used unless
accordance with the manufacturer’s they are fixed down to prevent them
recommendations. becoming accidentally displaced.
 Scaffold boards must conform to BS  Scaffold boards less than 1.6m may be
2482 - The specification for timber supported by 2 transoms, providing
scaffold boards. they are secured at both ends of each
board.
Page 46 of 99
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 Minimum and maximum overhangs

must be observed (fig.22).
Fig. 23 Scaffold Board Overhangs
 All offshore scaffolds, and onshore

scaffolds exposed to the risk of wind
uplift, must have the platform boards,
battens or decking secured to prevent
displacement.
 Boards that require fixing down must

be secured at two points. ©NASC
 Inside boards must be secured to

prevent movement and accidental
displacement using a minimum of two
single couplers per board or other
similar fixing method.
Fig. 24 Example of securing boards
 Lapping tubes may only be used for

securing down boards on scaffolders
temporary working platforms or for
emergency use only.
 Scaffold platforms (with the exception

of returns) should be constructed to
avoid the need for lapped boards
where practicable.
 Where lapping of boards cannot be

avoided, then the maximum spans
between supporting boards and the
Page 47 of 99
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minimum and maximum overhangs for  50mm gaps created by standards

overlapping must be observed. protruding through platforms.
 All lapped boards must be secured to  Gaps between the working

prevent accidental displacement. platform and the plant, equipment,
façade or other structure to be
accessed, known as a service gap.
 A service gap is only permitted if it

is a minimum dimension to allow
the performance of a particular
task.
©NASC
Fig. 25 Example of secure lapped boards  The maximum permitted service

gap must be no greater than
Gaps in platforms 225mm
 Some gaps are permitted and are  For a service gap greater than
deemed reasonable, providing 225mm, then the workplace must be
then designated as a ‘Danger Area’
suitable measures have been taken to
with suitable warning signs displayed
protect people below from being and physical means to restrict access.
struck by falling objects, otherwise
gaps must be covered (Fig 25).  Where there is a gap greater than
225mm then suitable compensatory
 Examples of acceptable gaps can measures must be taken to
include: prevent/protect against people falling
(e.g. a system of work using Personal
Fall Protection Equipment).
©NASC
Fig.26 Examples of protected gaps
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Notching of boards
 The notching of boards should be

avoided wherever possible.
 Notched boards, where unavoidable,

should be supported with a transom
either side of the notch (fig. 26).
Fig.27 Notched board supported transoms
Fig.28 Scaffold boards and transoms
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Scaffold Stability and Integrity
All scaffolding must be designed and calculated, or constructed in accordance with the
standard configurations stated in the performance standards ensuring they are suitably
secure and stable for their intended use and cannot collapse or overturn (wholly or partly).
 Scaffolds must not be used or loaded handrails and posts (unless confirmed
in any way that it has not been design. as suitable by PDO).
 All accessible scaffold ties must be
 Scaffold users must not alter or fitted with a tie tag warning users not
to remove the tie (Fig. 28).
interfere with scaffolding that may
affect its strength or stability.
 Scaffolders must ensure that stability

measures (e.g. ties, ground rakers,
buttressing, guys and anchors,
kentledge etc.) are installed and
removed progressively during erection,
altering and dismantling.
Scaffold Ties & Stability
 Where scaffolds require ties for Fig. 29 Example of a tie tag

stability they must be provided in
accordance with the standard  Where ties cannot be achieved
configurations (e.g. TG20 Table 9 or alternative stability measures must be
system scaffold instructions) or as provided (e.g. special bracing
specified by the scaffold design configurations, buttressing, kentledge,
Appendix A 1257. guys and anchors etc.)
 If masonry anchors are used to tie
 Positive ties (such as through ties, box scaffolding they must be used in
ties, girder clamps etc.) should be accordance with the NASC Technical
used in preference to other forms of Guidance TG4 ‘Anchorage Systems for
tie (e.g. pressure, reveal or lip ties). Scaffolding’.
 Where ground anchors are required
 Scaffolding Contractors must ensure for stability, or any ground breaking is
that the structure or building that deemed necessary as part of the
scaffolding is tied to is suitable for the scaffold erection a buried services
loads to be imposed. survey shall be undertaken in
accordance with [PDO PR1002
 Ties must not be made to any process detection of underground services]
plant equipment such as pipes, cable and HSG47 Avoiding Danger from
trays, or other non-structural Underground Services, by a suitably
elements, including permanent trained and competent person.
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i. Box Tie or Column Tie ii. Girder clamps – must be used in pairs
iii. Lip Tie & Butting Transom iv. Masonry Anchor System
Fig. 30 Examples of scaffold ties
Fig. 31 Examples of a ground raker and buttress system.
Page 51 of 99
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Methods of Construction
 All scaffolding structures must be  Offshore scaffolding with tubes and

erected in accordance with the fittings where transoms and board
Performance Standards stated in the bearers are fixed with single couplers,
specification (SP1257), manufacturers’ supplementary transoms must be
instructions or the scaffold design fitted below the working platforms at
drawing. every line of standards (also known as
Aberdeen Transoms, see figure 31).
Supplementary
Transom
supported by
right-angle
couplers required
for heavy-duty
and special
purpose scaffolds.
Board bearer
supported by
single couplers.
Fig. 32 Supplementary Transom for all offshore scaffolds
Bracing (Appendix A)
 All bracing must be in accordance with

the current TG20 for tube and fitting
scaffolds, manufacturers’ instructions
for proprietary system scaffolding or
as specified by the scaffold design.
 Proprietary transom units which

facilitate ledger bracing to be omitted
to allow clear access, may only be
used in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions.
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Ground Conditions
 The ground/base conditions must be  The scaffolding contractor should

considered as part of site inspection advise the PDO representative if they
and risk assessment. suspect that the ground/base
condition is unsuitable to support the
loads likely to be imposed by the
scaffolding.
 The scaffolding contractor should

Base Plate provide loading information (i.e. leg
min. 150 x 150mm loads) to enable PDO to assess the
base conditions and if necessary carry
out any preparation works.
Sole Pad
min. 225 x 450mm
Fig. 33 Example of typical scaffold

foundations
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Scaffolding Training and Competence
All personal involved in the provision of scaffolding must be authorised and competent or if
being trained must work under the supervision of a competent person.
General Requirements Fig. 34 Typical Scaffolder Training Route
 All personnel employed for the to Scaffolding

provide evidence of competence
Labourer
purpose of erecting, altering or upon request.
 ‘Limited Skills’
dismantling scaffolding will hold a PDO  Formal or In-house Training
recognised scaffolding training and  PDO Induction & Passport
 Green Record Card (if provided)
assessment qualification to appropriate
level or grade, considering the nature Min 6 months experience
of scaffolding to be undertaken
Appendix B. Trainee Scaffolder
 PDO Recognised Qualification
 Where necessary (e.g. existing  Must work under Supervision
scaffolders) Scaffolding Operatives will  Red Record Card
also be required to undertake a ‘Skill

Min 6 months experience
Test’ for their grade before they are
permitted to start work at PDO. Scaffolder
 All inexperienced workers, trainee  Pre-start PDO Skill Test
scaffolders and labourers must work  Blue Record Card
under the supervision of a competent
Min 12 months experience
Basic, Intermediate or Advanced
Scaffolder or Supervisor.
Advanced Scaffolder
 Design Engineers must be authorised  Pre-start PDO Skill Test
and competent holding the appropriate  Gold Record Card
engineering qualifications, experience
and knowledge. Min 3 years experience
Operative Training Scaffold Inspector

 Scaffolding Operatives (or their  Pre-start PDO Skill Test
employers) must be able to  Purple Record Card
demonstrate evidence of training
achievement in accordance with a PDO
recognised training scheme (fig. 33
and Appendix B). Scaffolding Supervisor
 5 years scaffolding experience
 Where possible scaffolding operatives  Platinum Record Card
should carry their scaffolder’s record
card or the contractors must be able
Page 54 of 99
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 Scaffolding operatives who use  Generally for offshore scaffolding

proprietary system scaffolding or other operations each gang should be led by
access equipment must be able to an Advanced Scaffolder.
demonstrate specific training in the
use of that product or attend  Note that, with exception of the minor
recognised PDO training course. tasks (low risk), most practical
scaffolding operations require at least
 Each scaffolding working party (gang) two scaffolding operatives per gang.
must have the appropriate balance of
competence depending upon the  Labourers are not permitted to work at
complexity of the work undertaken height unless the same level of
e.g. a Scaffolder or Advanced protection for a completed scaffold is
Scaffolder per gang of 2 - 4 provided (e.g. safe access and working
operatives. platforms).
 The more complex or hazardous the  Trainee Scaffolders are only permitted
work, the greater the competence to work at height under direct
level of the scaffolding operatives is supervision and direction of a
required (e.g. Intermediate or competent Basic, Intermediate or
Advanced Scaffolder). Advanced Scaffolder.
Fig. 35 Examples of training certificates and record cards for scaffolding
Page 55 of 99
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Supervision
 Scaffolding Contractors must shall complete the PDO ‘Scaffolding

demonstrate appropriate levels of Appreciation’ training course.
supervision depending upon the
complexity of the work and the  Scaffold Inspectors or Scaffolding
number of operatives. Supervisors do not need to complete
this PDO awareness course.
 For example:
 Successful completion of this course
 Each working party (gang) must does not, however, qualify personnel
have a nominated Chargehand as Scaffold Inspectors or for erection,
Scaffolder (normally the most
altering or dismantling.
competent member of the gang).
 Where more than one gang is  Contractors engaged in scaffolding

working on a task, one of the operations must demonstrate a
Chargehands must be nominated suitable management and supervisory
as a Working Foreman. resources and organisational structure.
 Where several gangs are working

 Each contract, project or work
on a task a Foreman (non-
working) or Supervisor must be package must have a nominated
nominated. Manager(s) responsible for the
scaffolding operations at PDO.
 In all cases there must be a
nominated Scaffolding Supervisor  The identification of personnel and
(this may be a full-time or visiting their nominated positions/roles must
role depending upon the
be clearly determined in the risk
complexity, hazardous nature or
volume of work). assessment and method statement for
the work.
 Scaffolding Supervisors and Foremen
must hold a PDO recognised
scaffolding supervisors qualification.
 In addition, all scaffolding support

staff (e.g. yard labourers, drivers etc.)
must have a nominated Supervisor.
 All operational personnel who

supervise activities that include the
Fig. 36 Example of a Scaffolding
use of scaffolding and access
Supervisor record card
equipment, including all HSE Advisors,
Page 56 of 99
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Preventing Falls in Scaffolding
 Scaffolders should comply fully with

NASC safety guidance SG4 (current
edition) Preventing falls in scaffolding.
 Where appropriate, collective fall

prevention and protection measures
(e.g. Guardrails) must take priority
over personal protection (e.g. safety
harnesses), as required by the
hierarchy of controls (fig. 3).
 All scaffolding operatives must

demonstrate training in accordance
with the current edition of SG4 and
refresher training undertaken at least
every 5 years as a minimum. Note this
training may form part of a PDO
recognised training scheme.
©NASC
 Scaffolders must also be trained in
rescue and recovery. Fig. 37 SG4 User Guide
Falling Object Protection
Falling objects from height is an inherent  Pedestrian gantries or access openings

risk with all scaffolding operations. through scaffolds with protection
Therefore adequate controls must be crash-decks, including a double layer
of scaffold boards with heavy-duty
established to prevent objects falling from
impervious sheeting sandwiched
height, or if objects cannot be prevented between.
from falling then measures to protect
people from injury, and plant or property  Scaffold fans to protect pedestrian and
from damage must be taken. vehicle access routes adjacent to
scaffolds where there exists a risk of
The following prevention and protection falling objects. Note: protection fans
measures should be considered: must be risk assessed, designed and
constructed in accordance NASC TG20.
 Toe-boards, brick-guards, debris
netting or solid sheeting.  By using close-boarded working
platforms without gaps where objects
 Barriers and warning signs to could fall.
segregate danger areas and prevent
access onto, through or near scaffolds  All scaffolding materials used at height
where there is a risk of falling objects. must be handled in a controlled
manner and stored safely.
Page 57 of 99
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 Scaffolders are not permitted to work suitable means) to restrict access by

above others where there would be a unauthorised persons (See Danger
risk of materials falling liable to cause Areas).
injury.
 Scaffolders hand tools must be carried
 Scaffolding operations must be clearly in tool belts with suitable holsters
identified by using suitable signs and (known as ‘frogs’).
segregated with barriers (or other
©NASC
i. Typical Brickguard ii. TG20 Protection Fan iii. Pedestrian Gantry
Fig. 38 Examples of falling object protection measures
Scaffolding Access and Egress
 Type of access and egress to  The method of access should be

scaffolding will be subject to the agreed at request and survey stage.
following hierarchy of access and
egress (fig. 38).  Climbing scaffold structures
(steelwork) is not permitted, except
 These access positions should be when necessary by Scaffolders while
located, wherever possible, away from erecting, altering or dismantling
the main work area on the platform(s). scaffolding (last resort).
 If mechanical passenger hoists are

used, then an alternative non-
mechanical method of access and
egress should also be provided in case
of emergency or mechanical
breakdown.
Page 58 of 99
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Fig. 39 Hierarchy of Access and Egress
1. Stairways
 Safer Option - Consider before ladders
 For extensive work
 Abut to the scaffold - If there is sufficient space?
 Maintains clear working platforms
 Emergency planning - improves casualty
recovery from height (SCBA)
 Allows handling of materials e.g. hand tools
 For taller structures, passenger hoists
are to be considered
 High Sour area escape route
2. Ladder Towers
 Single lift ladders to reduce potential fall
distance, over multiple lift ladders
 Abut to the scaffold - If there is sufficient space?
 Maintains clear working platforms
3. Internal Ladders ©NASC
 Positioned away from main work area.

 Single lift ladders over multiple lift ladders
 Ladder trap protected against falls e.g. with a
hatch or barriers.
 Ladder trap kept to the smallest
ergonomic size (e.g. 450mm x 600mm)
4. External Ladders ©NASC
 The last resort

 Access gaps in guardrails kept to the smallest
ergonomic size (e.g. 600mm) and must be protected
against falls e.g. with a ladder safety gates
 Climbing over or under guardrails is not permitted
 Positioned away from main work area
 Single lift ladders used over multiple lift ladders to
minimise the potential fall distance
 No more than 2 lifts where possible.
Page 59 of 99
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Ladders
This section only applies to straight  Both stiles are secured at each support
ladders (complying with BS EN 131) transom using a suitable square
provided for access to or within scaffold lashing or proprietary clamp.
structures.
 Scaffold couplers should not be used
Ladders shall wherever possible meet the to tie ladders unless the ladder is
designed for that purpose.
following requirements:
 Based on a firm level surface with both  Ladders are the correct length and
stiles supported. extend past the landing point by
approximately 1m (or five rungs),
 Supported by a minimum of two unless a suitable alternative hand-hold
support transoms (ladder stays top is available.
and bottom or similar arrangement)
and secured.  Ladders should be set at an angle of
75 degrees (or 4:1), where possible.
 Have intermediate supports at Note that steeper or vertical ladders
approximately every 3m. are permitted where there is restricted
space. However, there must be a rest
 Ensuring that support transoms platform at least every 5m.
(ladder stays) do not obstruct the rung
and present a trip hazard.
1m approximately
Fig. 40 Example of an external ladder configuration
Page 60 of 99
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Interface with Scaffolding
Interface with vehicles and mobile plant protected (with the exception of ledger
 Suitable traffic management controls bracing).
may be required including signs and
cones or barriers.
 Scaffolds erected in or adjacent to
pedestrian routes should be
 Lighting may also be required to constructed with adequate clearance,
highlight the scaffold to vehicles and standards highlighted or protected
mobile plant. with high-density foam (or similar),
fittings protected, and adequate
lighting.
 Where there is a risk of impact
damage from vehicles or mobile plant  Where access is permitted through a
- that may affect the stability of a scaffold, then a pedestrian lift should
scaffold - then baulks of timber or be provided (max 2.7m high) to allow
proprietary traffic barrier systems may sufficient head clearance.
be required.
 Suitable falling object protection such
as netting, sheeting, crash decks or
Protection of Users and Others protection fans may be required.
 Protruding threads on fittings and tube
ends must be protected with plastic  The tops of standards that protrude
caps at access points and on restricted through a working platform (known as
working platforms where there is a risk hemps), such as the inside standards
snagging and injury (fig. 41). on a birdcage access scaffold, must be
sized flush with working platform or be
 Reduced head clearance and extended to approximately 1m.
obstructions protruding in the access Therefore they will not present a
way presenting a tripping or snagging tripping hazard for users of the
hazard must be highlighted and/or working platform (fig. 40).
i. Internal standards cut flush to create a ‘dance- ii. Protruding standards extended to 1m to
floor’ platform. remove tripping hazard.
Fig. 41 Standards protruding through a working platform.
Page 61 of 99
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Fig. 42 Examples of scaffold user protection.
Scaffold Inspection
All scaffolds and ancillary scaffolding structures (such as barriers and guard-rails) must be
inspected in accordance with requirements of the specification (SP1257).
General Requirements Scaffold Inspectors
Scaffold inspections shall be carried out in  Only an appointed competent person,

accordance with the following schedule: having the relevant experience and
qualifications, must carry out scaffold
 Before use, known as the
inspections (fig. 41).
‘commissioning or handing over
inspection’.
 The Scaffold Inspector must be
 At intervals not exceeding seven days independent to the scaffolding gang
until the structure is dismantled. who erected the scaffolding. However,
for some drilling, wireline and offshore
 When notified of an exceptional event
operations the Chargehand Scaffolder
liable to jeopardise the safety of the
scaffolding (e.g. high winds, damage, may carry out the inspections
overloading etc.) providing they are an Advanced
Scaffolder.
 Following any substantial alteration
and before the scaffold is reinstated  The Scaffold Inspector must have
for use. sufficient independence of commercial
or productivity pressures so not to be
adversely influenced and has the
authority to condemn and prohibit use
of a scaffold if it is unsafe.
Page 62 of 99
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Scaffold Inspection Reports at least 3 years after the scaffold has

been dismantled.
 The scaffold inspection report must
contain the following information (see
Appendix D - Sample Scaffold  These archive records must be made
available to PDO upon request and
Inspection Report):
presented within 1 week of the
1. The name and address of the request.
person for whom the inspection
was carried out.
2. The location of the work

equipment inspected.
3. A description of the work

equipment.
4. The date and time of the

inspection. Before use, seven day
intervals, after exceptional event
e.g. high wind? Alterations?
5. Details of any matter identified Fig.43 Example Scaffold Inspector Record

that could give rise to a risk to the
Card
health or safety of any person.
6. Details of any action taken as a

result of any matter identified
above.
7. Details of any further action Incomplete Scaffolds

considered necessary.
 While a scaffold is incomplete or not
8. The name and position of the
available for use (out of service), a
person making the report.
clear prohibition and warning signs
must be displayed and suitable
 The scaffold inspection reports must
physical means to prevent access on
be completed by the Scaffold
Inspector within the same working or near the scaffold and scaffolding
shift that the inspection was carried operations (fig. 43).
out and issued to the person
responsible for the scaffolding within
24 hours.
 The reports must be kept on site for
the life of the scaffold and for at least
3 months after dismantling.
 Where inspections are undertaken by
a Contractor all records of inspection
must be kept in archive for a period of
Page 63 of 99
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Fig. 44 Examples of incomplete or out of service scaffolds with restricted access and
warning signs.
Fig. 45 Example of a scaffold tagging system.
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Scaffold Signs and Tagging Systems
A scaffold tagging system shall be used on all scaffolding structures (e.g. Scafftag or similar
(fig. 44)).
 The ‘red’ do not use sign should be

displayed as soon as possible during  The person responsible for the scaffold
construction, in addition to any other concerned must be notified directly
scaffold incomplete signs required. and the insert returned to them.
 The tag holders should be positioned  Note that the Scafftag holder showing
at each access point. the red prohibition sign can only be
used as an interim arrangement until
 Following the first inspection a tag suitable physical measures to restrict
insert must be completed with the access can be taken.
relevant data and inserted in the
holder by the Scaffold Inspector.  Scaffolding loading bays/towers and
lifting frames must display a sign
 The scaffold tag does not replace the clearly stating the Maximum Load
need for an inspection report to be Rating and any other loading
completed. information (e.g. uniformly distributed
load, rigging point for lifting
 The tag must be completed by the equipment etc.).
Scaffold Inspector after every
subsequent inspection.  All safety signs must display the
internationally recognised symbols for
 Clear user information regarding the warnings and prohibition.
intended use, duty, status and residual
hazards relating to the scaffolding  All signs and tags must be written in
must be provided. ‘English’ as the international language.
However multi-language signs may be
 If a defect or hazard is identified then used (e.g. English and Arabic) but
the scaffold tag insert should be English should be prominent.
removed to display the prohibition ‘do
not use’ sign.
Page 65 of 99
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Falsework and Formwork Structures
 All falsework and formwork operations  Access Platforms to falsework and

must be carefully engineered and formwork structures must be subject
managed. to the same inspections as access
scaffolding.
 Temporary structures for concrete
construction support and shoring
purposes presents significant risks to
the safety of workers and others.
 All falsework and formwork operations

must be carried out in accordance with
the general requirements of this
specification and BS 5975 Code of
practice for temporary works,
procedures and the permissible stress ©NASC
design of falsework.
 All workers who work with proprietary

falsework and formwork systems must
be trained in accordance with the
manufactures instructions and fall
prevention in accordance with SG4.
 All work at height for reinforced

concrete construction, falsework or
formwork operations must conform to
the hierarchy of controls and
provisions for safe working platforms
and access and egress, prescribed by
Fig. 45 Examples of a formwork system
the specification (SP1257) and this
with safe access and working platforms.
guide.
 Controls must include checks by

temporary works coordinators, permits
to load and strike falsework.
Page 66 of 99
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Lightweight Mobile Access Towers (MATs)
These lightweight towers can be erected by the users and used for a range of light-duty
tasks e.g. mechanical and electrical installation, painting, cleaning, general maintenance
tasks etc.
 MAT’s are manufactured in aluminium

and glass reinforced plastic (GRP).
 MAT’s must conform to BS EN 1004.
 All users must hold a current PASMA

certificate/card or other equivalent
PDO recognised training course.
 All MAT’s must be constructed and

used in accordance with the PASMA
Code of Practice and manufacturer’s Fig. 46 Through the trap technique
instructions.
 MAT’s must be formally inspected

before use, after alteration and every
7 days.
 Note that inspections of mobile towers

do not need to be formally recorded
after each move; however they should
be visually inspected by the user
before each use.
 A scaffold tagging system must be

used (see fig. 44). Fig.47 Advanced Guardrail System (AGS)
for collective fall protection
 The maximum permitted height of a
MAT at PDO is 8m outdoors and 12m Main Performance Standards
indoors unless otherwise specified by  BS EN 1004: 2004 - Mobile access and
the manufacturer. working towers made of prefabricated
 To prevent falls whilst erecting, elements – Materials, dimensions,
altering or dismantling a MAT, an design loads, safety and performance
advanced guardrail system or the requirements.
PASMA prescribed ‘Through the Trap’  PASMA Code of Practice (current
(or 3T) technique must be used (fig edition) www.pasma.co.uk
46).
 Manufacturer’s Instruction Manual
(MIM)
Page 67 of 99
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3. Portable Ladders and other Low-level Access Equipment

(non-mechanical)
This section applies to the use of non-mechanical portable access equipment used by
various trades such as ladders, steps, step ladders, hop-ups, trestles, podiums, low-level
access towers etc.
 All portable ladders and other low-  Hired in equipment for short-durations
level access equipment must be must be inspected before use and
designed for industrial use and every 7 days, if remaining on site for
conform to the performance standards more than 1 month (4 weeks) must be
stated in the specification (SP1257). subject to the same inspection regime
detailed above.
 Home-made or improvised access
equipment is strictly prohibited for use  A scaffold tag or similar label must be
at PDO. displayed on the equipment.
 The use of stilts for work at height as  A copy of the hire / delivery
low-level access equipment is not documentation must be retained on
permitted at PDO. site and be made available for
inspection is required.
 Portable ladders and other low-level
access equipment must be inspected  Damaged or defective ladders etc.
before use and be subject to a formal must not be used and must be
system of periodic inspections. removed from site for repair or
disposal.
 As a minimum all portable ladders and
other low-level access equipment must Main Performance Standards
be subject to:  BS EN 131 Ladders – Specification for
terms, types and functional sizes
 Each piece of equipment identified  BS 1139 Part 6 Metal scaffolding.
with a unique identification
Specification for prefabricated tower
number.
 A register to record the inspections scaffolds outside the scope of BS EN
of each piece of equipment. 1004, but utilizing components from
 An inspection by a competent such systems
person at least every 6 months.  PAS 250 Low-level work platform with
 A system to identify that the one working platform with side
equipment has been formally protection for use by one person with
inspected displayed on the
a maximum working platform height of
equipment (e.g. a ladder tag or
similar sign or label). less than 2.5m. Specification
 User inspection before each use.  Manufacturer’s Instruction Manuals
(MIM)
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Portable Ladders and Steps

 All low-level access equipment must
 The selection use of a portable ladder be assembled and used strictly in
or stepladder must be justified through accordance with the manufacturers’
risk assessment by considering: instructions by trained workers (see
training requirements above).
 Nature of the work is low risk;
 Light duty; and,
 The work is of short duration*; or,
 Existing site features cannot be
altered to allow the use of safer
equipment (e.g. scaffolding)
*Note –the Ladder Association

recommend short duration as any time
less than 30 minutes.
 Workers must gain permission from

management before using portable Fig. 48 Example of a folding tower
ladders and steps and must be trained
in the safe use of ladders and steps.
Low Level Access Towers

(Folding Towers, Podiums and Hop-ups)
 Low level access equipment such as

folding towers and podium type steps
are viewed as safer options than the
use of ladders and stepladders for
many construction, engineering and
maintenance applications.
 Workers must be trained in the safe Fig. 49 Example of a podium type tower
use of ladders and steps in accordance
with the manufacturer’s instructions.
 All low-level access equipment used on

site must be manufactured and tested
in accordance with the BS 1139 Part 6
or PAS250.
 All low-level access equipment is

limited to a maximum height of 2.5m,
with exception of hop-up steps which
is restricted a maximum height of
600mm. Fig. 50 Example of a hop-up platform
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4. Powered Access
This section covers the specification for  Designed, manufactured and tested to
power operated mechanical work at height the relevant performance standards
equipment and accessories. stated in the work at height
specification SP1257.
Powered access covers a wide range of
mechanical access equipment, including:  Assembled, rigged and operated by
authorised competent persons who
 Mobile Elevating Work Platforms have received the specified training
(MEWP’s) (e.g. IPAF).
 Mast Climbing Work Platforms (MCWP)
 Suspended Cradles  Lifting equipment must be inspected
 Man-rider Crane Baskets after assembly/rigging and before use
This equipment is designated as lifting for the first time by a Competent
equipment and reference should also be Person.
made the PDO lifting procedures and shall
comply with the requirements of:  Thorough examinations and testing if
necessary carried out at least every 6
 PR 1708 Procedure for Lifting months by a Competent Engineer.
Operations
 SP 1709 Lifting and hoisting procedure  Records of engineer’s examination
 SP 1251 Training Requirements for must be retained on site.
Lifting Operations Personnel.
 All powered access equipment must be
serviced and maintained in accordance
with the manufacturers
recommendations.
 A service log must be maintained for

each piece of equipment.
 Clearly display a safe load rating,

which must never be exceeded.
 Selection of powered access

equipment will consider the suitability
of surfaces and other structures to
support and/or secure the equipment
against collapse or overturning.
Fig. 51 Selection of MEWPs
 Powered access equipment must be

inspected before use and at least
General Requirements every 7 days by a competent person.
Page 70 of 99
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lines shall be attached to tools and

 Operators must complete daily visual similar equipment.
checks before use.
 Operatives must report any defects or
 The work area below powered access problems identified with the
equipment to deemed a danger area equipment, which must be taken out
(see Danger areas) with suitable of use, until rectified.
barriers and warning signs displayed
to prevent unauthorised access.  Operatives must not attempt to carry
out repairs, which must only be carried
 Tools, equipment etc. shall be kept in out by a Content and Authorised
such a location that they do not Person.
represent a tripping hazard and cannot
fall or be knocked from the platform.  Special precautions shall be taken
when using access equipment in the
 Working platforms shall have a vicinity of live electrical conductors
carrying box secured in the platform. (refer to SP 1242 Activities in the
Vicinity of Overhead Power Lines).
 Where no catchment means are
located below the workplace, safety
Mobile Elevating Work Platforms (MEWP’s)
 All MEWP’s shall be approved for use accessing a position where they could
by PDO and must conform to BS EN fall.
280.
 Only use suitable anchor points
 MEWP’s must operated by authorised specified by the manufacturer.
and trained persons who hold a Royal
Oman Police (ROP) Drivers License (or
recognized country license) and hold
the appropriate International Powered
Access Federation (IPAF) Powered
Access License (PAL) for the type of
MEWP to be used or equivalent.
 Operators must be familiar with the

model of MEWP and maintain a log
book to record experience. Fig. 52 IPAF Powered Access Licence
(PAL)
 Safety harnesses with fall restraint
lanyards to be used in boom-type  Fall restraint lanyards must be
MEWP’s (except when working over adjusted to the shortest practical
water) to prevent operatives from
Page 71 of 99
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length necessary for the platform,

ideally no more than 1.5m long.
 Note that adjustable or suitable length

fall arrest lanyards can be used in a
fall restraint mode, as the energy
absorbers will not deploy until a load
of 3kN or more is applied.
 Fall arrest equipment should not be

used as the dynamic loads imposed
could be beyond the capacity of the Fig. 53 IPAF Operators’ Safety Guide
MEWP.
 Care should be taken to avoid trapping
 Never used a MEWP as a hoist, crane and crushing to people in the platform.
or prop, unless designed for the
purpose. Main Performance Standards
 BS EN 280 Mobile elevating work

 MEWPs must be used in accordance
platforms. Design calculations. Stability
with the IPAF Operators Safety Guide
criteria. Construction. Safety.
and Technical Guidance.
Examinations and tests
 BS 8460 Safe use of MEWPs. Code of

Practice
 IPAF Operators Safety Guide
 Strategic Forum for Construction –

Plant Safety Group, Best Practice
Guidance for MEWPs – Avoiding
Trapping /Crushing Injuries to People in
the Platform.
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Mast Climbing Work Platforms (MCWP’s)
 All MCWP’s shall be approved for use Federation (IPAF) Powered Access
by PDO and must conform to License (PAL) special category for
BS7981:2002 A code of practice for MCWPs.
the installation, maintenance,
thorough examination and safe use of  Installers must be trained in
mast climbers and BS EN 1495 Lifting accordance with the manufacturers’
platforms. Mast climbing work instructions.
platforms.
 MCWP’s must operated by authorised

and trained persons who hold the
International Powered Access
Fig. 54 Single and double tower Mast Climbers in use.
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Suspended Cradles
This section covers suspended working  The design, inspection, testing and
platforms commonly referred to as use of suspended cradles must be in
cradles. accordance with the Specialist Access
Engineering & Maintenance
 All proprietary cradle systems shall be Association (SAEMA) Guidance.
approved for use by PDO and must
conform to BS EN 1808 Safety  Installers of proprietary cradle systems
requirements on suspended access must be trained in accordance with the
equipment. Design calculations, manufacturer’s instructions.
stability criteria, construction. Tests.
 Users of suspended cradles must use
 Temporary suspended cradles and Personal Fall Protection Equipment
scaffolds must conform to and be attached to a designated
BS5974:1990 Code of practice for anchor point within the cradle or line
temporarily installed suspended system.
scaffolds and access equipment.
Fig. 55 Shows i) a complex temporary cradle system for an industrial application and ii) a
permanently installed cradle system for building maintenance.
Page 74 of 99
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Fig.56 Wire slung scaffold.
Page 75 of 99
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Passenger Hoists
 All proprietary passenger goods hoists

shall be approved for use by PDO and
must conform to BS EN 12159.
 Installers and operators must be

trained in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructors.
Fig.57 Typical Passenger Hoist
Man-rider Baskets
 Man-rider platforms (or baskets) are  The use of a man-rider platform must
not powered access equipment in be planned and operated the same as
themselves, but are accessories any lifting operation in accordance
designed to be used with cranes or lift with PR 1708 Procedure for Lifting
trucks. When combined they provide a Operations
means of powered access.
 The type of man-rider platform must
be approved by PDO and must
conform to BS EN 14502 Cranes.
Equipment for lifting of persons.
Suspended.
 The lifting device (crane or lift truck)

must be suitable and have the correct
load rating.
 The man-riding platform must be

Fig.58 Lift-truck mounted and crane slung slung and/or secured to the lifting
man-rider platform. device as per the manufacturer’s
instructions.
 Man-rider baskets provide specific
hazards as the user is reliant on the  Passengers in the man-riding platform
operator of the crane or lift truck, must use Personal Fall Protection
therefore there must be an effective Equipment and be attached to a
means of communication and signaller designated anchor point within the
(Banksman) used as per other lifting platform or the lifting equipment (e.g.
operations. crane hook).
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5. Safety Netting
Fall Arrest Safety Netting
Fall arrest safety netting provides rigging safety nets in accordance with
collective fall arrest protection for the FASET safety guidance notes.
applications where collective preventative
measures are not practical e.g. installing  Anchorage for safety nets with be
roof sheets to open steel frame capable of withstanding 6kN of force,
structures. therefore safety netting must be tied
to a suitable structure – never fix
General Requirements nets to scaffolding unless it has been
 Nets must be supplied in accordance designed for the purpose.
with BS EN 1263 Part 1: 2002
 Remote method of rigging and de-
 All nets must be patch tested by the rigging should be used wherever
original manufacturer every 12 possible.
months.
 All nets must be rigged in accordance

with BS EN 1263 Part 2: 2002 and
BS8411:2007 Code of practice for
safety nets on construction sites and
other works.
 Only competent and trained Riggers

are permitted to rig, alter or de-rig
safety nets, ideally in accordance with
the Fall Arrest Safety Equipment
Training (FASET) scheme, or PDO ©NASC
recognised equivalent.
©NASC Fig. 60 Example of remote net rigging.
 Rescue plans must consider recovery

of a casualty from the safety nets.
 Nets can be rigged with debris netting

for light debris containment.
Fig. 59 Rigged safety net
 Net repairs must be tagged and only
 Ensure the most suitable of method of carried out by a competent person
access is used for rigging and de- who has been trained by the net
manufacturer and in accordance with
the FASET recommendations.
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 Never store materials below safety  Nets must be inspected before use, by
nets that reduce clearance distances. a trained safety net inspector, every 7
days and after any event likely to
jeopardise the safe condition of the
nets.
 A safety net inspection register must

be maintained.
©NASC
 BS EN 1263 Safety Nets
 BS 8411 Code of Practice for safety

nets on construction sites and other
works.
 BS 7955 Containment nets and sheets

on construction works.
 FASET Safety & Technical Guidance.
©NASC
©NASC
Fig. 61 Alternative methods for rigging

nets.
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Tensioned Walk-on Nets (Working Platform Nets)
Tensioned netting systems that can be

used as a working platform are a relatively
new innovation currently being used in the
oil and gas industry.
 Therefore, must be subject to specific

design scheme and approval by PDO
before use.
 They must be installed, inspected,

used and maintained in accordance
with the manufacturer’s instructions
and specific design.
 The design must determine the

maximum loading.
 A methodology for the safe use must

be established for the management of
this work at height access system as
part of the scheme.
 As a minimum working platform nets

should be inspected to the same
standard as fall arrest safety nets.
Fig. 62 Examples of Working Platform

Nets
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6. Rope Access
Rope access is often seen as a cost effective access solution for certain work at height
activities. However, due to the risk involved and high levels of skills and control required it
should only be selected after all other forms of collective protection have been considered.
 list the hazards associated with the
 All personnel involved in Rope Access work to be performed,
operations must be trained and
assessed in accordance with the  list appropriate personal protective
IRATA training scheme. equipment (PPE) to be used,
 Each working party (crew) must have  list provisions for providing security
at least one Level 3 Technician who is to the anchor,
responsible for the direct planning and
supervision of the work.  list the rescue service and the
means to summon the rescue
 A risk assessment, method statement service.
and access permit must be prepared
by the Team Leader covering all
aspects of the rope access operations
and submitted to the PDO
representative for approval and issuing
of a permit to work.
 The team leader shall prepare an

access permit before beginning rope
access work. The access permit shall
include, but not be limited to, the
following safety objectives:
 list the rope access methods to be

used for the proposed work,
 list the members of the work team

by name and identify their duties.
(Note: the Rope Access Supervisor
(Level 3) shall assess the individual
team member’s suitability for the
work to be performed.) Fig. 63 Rope Access Technician using a
proprietary descender device and
 list the rope access equipment to secondary line.
be used for the work to be
performed,
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 Safety, Secondary and Backup  It is recommended that only

line(s) or other appropriate fall equipment that has a current
arrest devices shall be used in certificate of the safe working load
addition to the main line. or minimum breaking strength, or
other certification as to reliability,
 Where a safety line is used in should be used.
conjunction with the main line, each
line should have its own separate  A check should be made that all
anchor and should be separately certificates are backed by either
fixed to the worker’s harness. This sample testing to failure, or proof
does not preclude both lines being testing on individual items, and a
attached to a single harness proven quality assurance program, in
attachment point. accordance with an appropriate
standard.
 Supervisor shall insure that anchors
have been evaluated in order to  Equipment should be only used in
ensure that overall system safety the manner indicated by the
factors can be met. manufacturer.
 Technician shall demonstrate that all
equipment is used, inspected and
maintained in accordance with
manufacturer’s instructions.
 Provisions shall be made for the

retirement of equipment as
necessary.
 Technician shall establish and

monitor a procedure to ensure all
items of equipment are inspected
Fig. 64 Rope Access Rescue Exercise before each use.
 Technician shall ensure that

 Before adopting rope access equipment is protected from damage
techniques for a particular job, the during the course of its use.
asset holder, the contractor shall do
a risk assessment.
 All persons involved in the Rope
 All rope access work must be planned
Access shall be provided with and
and carried out in accordance with the
shall use personal protective
International Rope Access Trade
equipment, in accordance with the
Association (IRATA) International Code
requirements of SP 1234 Personal
of Practice (ICOP) and the following
Protective Equipment.
Page 81 of 99
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main performance standards (also see

Appendix A Performance Standards):
 BS 7985 - Code of practice for the

use of rope access methods for
industrial purposes
 ISO 22846 Part 1 - Personal

equipment for protection against
falls. Rope access systems.
Fundamental principles for a
system of work
 ISO 22846 Part 2 - Personal

equipment for protection against
falls. Rope access systems. Code
of Practice
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7. Personal Fall Protection Equipment (PFPE)
Personal Fall Protection Equipment (PFPE), e.g. safety harnesses, is considered to be a last
resort before all other forms of protection has been considered. The PDO hierarchy of
controls requires collective protection to be considered before resorting to PFPE.
PFPE can be divided into four main categories (Fig. 61).
i. Fall restraint systems ii. Work positioning systems
iii. Rope access systems iv. Fall arrest systems

(see above)
Fig. 65 Selection of Personal Fall Protection Equipment (PFPE) systems.
Page 83 of 99
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 All PFPE must be manufactured to the  Every 6 months for normal use
relevant British and European  Every 3 months for arduous
Standards and in accordance with SP conditions / environments /
1234 Personal Protective Equipment. occupations
 Interim inspections as determined
 Personal Fall Protection Equipment through risk assessment
(PFPE) must only be selected if safer  Installed systems (horizontal and
options cannot be justified. vertical lines) – as per
manufacturers recommendations.
 Contractors wishing to use PFPE must
provide a risk assessment and method  PFPE must be identified by its unique
statement for approval before being serial number or other means.
permitted work on site.
 Any PFPE found to be defective or
 This must include planning for rescue. damaged must be removed from use
immediately and destroyed.
 All training must be carried out in
accordance with BS8454 and SP1234 Horizontal Lines (Life lines)
Personal Protective Equipment.  Horizontal line systems used as part of
 All operatives using PFPE must be a fall arrest system must be designed
trained in the use and inspection of for the purpose in accordance with BS
PFPE. Training must also include EN 795.
specialist equipment required for
rescue.  Ideally proprietary line systems should
be used manufactured and tested to
 All PFPE must be subject to a before BS EN 795 class C and deployed in
use inspection by the operative. accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions. Planning and design must
 Contractors must demonstrate records consider following factors:
of formal thorough inspections at a
suitable frequency recommended by
UK HSE Guidance INDG 367.  Anchorage and the potential end
load generated in a fall arrest
 These inspections must be carried out scenario.
by a competent person who has
received specific inspection training.  The maximum number of people
permitted to use the line.
 Evidence of these thorough
inspections must be made available to The potential deflection in a fall

PDO upon request. and the clearance distance
 PFPE must be formally inspected by a required.
competent person at the following  Where scaffold structures are used for
minimum frequencies: securing lines or to provide an
Page 84 of 99
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elevated anchor position for a line

system then these structures must be
designed as special scaffolds.
 BS 8437 - Code of practice for

selection, use and maintenance of
personal fall protection systems and
equipment for use in the workplace
 BS 8454 - Code of practice for
delivery of training and education for
work at height and rescue
 BS 7883 - Code of practice for the
design, selection, installation, use and
maintenance of anchor devices
conforming to BS EN 795.
 BS 7985 - Code of practice for the use
of rope access methods for industrial
purposes
 HSE Guidance INDG367 Inspecting
fall arrest equipment made from
webbing or rope
 Work at Height Safety Association
(WAHSA) Technical Guidance Notes
 IRATA International Code of Practice
(see Rope Access)
 NASC SG4 Preventing Falls in
Scaffolding (see Scaffolding)
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8. Temporary Edge Protection
Temporary edge protection must conform  Installers of proprietary edge

to the general requirements for guardrails protection systems (e.g. Combisafe
and handrails stated in this specification type) must be trained in accordance
and conform to BS EN 13374 Temporary with the manufacturer’s instructions.
edge protection systems.
 Where edge protection is constructed
using scaffolding equipment (e.g.
conventional tube and fittings) then
the requirements of section 5
Scaffolding, shall apply.
 A safe system of work, using collective

protection before resorting to personal
fall protection, must be established for
the installation of edge protection e.g.
the use of a MEWP to erect edge
protection guardrails to open
©NASC steelwork before resorting to climbing
the structure attached with a safety
Fig. 66 Example of NASC SG27 Edge harness.
Protection in conventional tube and fitting
scaffolding.  All temporary edge protection systems
must be subjected to the same
inspection regime as scaffolding
structures (see Scaffold Inspection).
©NASC
Fig. 68 Typical proprietary edge protection

Fig. 67 Edge Protection pre assembled to
system.
steelwork before installation.
Page 86 of 99
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Fig. 69 Typical proprietary edge protection

system.
 BS EN 13374 Temporary Edge

Protection Systems
 NASC SG27 Edge protection…
 Manufacturer’s Instructions
(proprietary systems)
9. Falls from Vehicles
 At PDO we should always be seeking  However this is not always possible

innovation to prevent accidents. This therefore safe systems of work must
includes falls from vehicles while consider suitable measures for loading
loading and unloading materials on and unloading that best suit the layout
site. of the site and the nature of work.
 Where possible workers should avoid

accessing the vehicle load beds.
Fig. 70 Examples of fall protection measures for loading/unloading vehicles on

construction sites.
Page 87 of 99
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Fig. 71 Examples of collective and personal fall protection systems for loading vehicles on
industrial sites
10. Work on High Structures
 Personnel shall be adequately trained  All work at height must be risk

and experienced in their work, assessment to identify the hazards and
specifically as applied to operating control measures required as per this
above ground level. Supervisors, specification and the planning process
adequate in number, training and outlined in section 4.
experience shall be provided for the
control of work.  Certain high structures may be
assessed as requiring additional
 All persons working above ground restrictions that must be controlled via
level shall be provided with and shall a special access permits e.g. roof
use personal protective equipment, in access.
accordance with the requirements of
SP 1234 Personal Protective
Equipment.
11. Work Practices
 In order to minimise exposure to risk, attached to the belt by a safety line to

the minimum practical number of prevent any dropped objects.
personnel shall be assigned to the job.
 Where appropriate, tools shall be
 Personnel shall not be permitted to hauled up and lowered in a suitable
climb whilst carrying tools or heavy container, using handlines, gin wheels
loads, the only exception being tools and ropes or other suitable means.
carried in a waist belt designed Electrical, pneumatic and hydraulic
specifically for the purpose. Where tools shall not be hauled up or lowered
tool are carried in a belt for by their power lines. This type of tool
subsequent use the tools will be shall not be secured, ‘tied off’ by using
the tool cable.
Page 88 of 99
Appendix A - Example Scaffold Request Form Template
Scaffold Request Form

Department: SRF Number: 0000
Name of
Position:
Requestor:
Location Details:
Task Details (provide information on the intended use of the scaffolding and loading):
Duty (if known) Typical Tasks Tick

One worker per m2 - inspection, light
Class 1 - Very Light Duty 0.75 kN/m2 cleaning and access etc… no materials or 
equipment.
Two workers per m2 – Light maintenance,
Class 2 – Light Duty 1.5 kN/m2 painting, cleaning or access.

Two workers + 50Kg of materials per m2 –
Class 3 – General Purpose 2 kN/m2 General maintenance or access

Two workers + 100Kg of materials per m2 –
Class 4 – Heavy Duty 3 kN/m2 Heavier maintenance work or access.

Special Loading requirements – must be
Classes 5-6 - Special Purpose designed and calculated – e.g. loading 
tower, lifting frame etc.
Date Date Duration

Requested: Required: (if known):
Safety Management Systems:

Workplace Surveyed with Yes Risk Assessment (HEMP) Yes
Scaffolding Contractor? No Completed? No
Yes Yes
Permit to Work Required? Isolations Required?
No No
Emergency Arrangements Yes
established? No
Additional Information:
Requestor’s Signature: Scaffolding Contractor: Issued to:
Page 89 of 99
Appendix B SP1257 Training Standards
This appendix specifies the minimum training standards for Work at Height. All personnel
involved in planning, organising, managing and working at height must be deemed
competent, or if being trained must work under the supervision of a competent person.
B1 General Training
Accreditation /
Occupation / Training /
Approved Comments
Role Qualification(s)
Scheme
All personnel PDO site induction PDO Mandatory
(as per SP1157) Requirement
Management, Scaffold PDO Any manager or

Supervision and Appreciation supervisors who
Engineers Course (SCAN) requests scaffolding
responsible for formerly LXE044 and referred to in
scaffolding this specification as
operations, a ‘Scaffold
including HSE Requestor’ should
Advisors. attend this course.
Refresher training
every 5 years.
Page 90 of 99
B2 Scaffolding Training (Matrix)
PDO Recognised Accreditations 2
PDO
1
Scaffolding NVQ/QCF International CISRS CITB Record
Occupation Scaffolder Overseas Overseas Cards
Labourer/  PDO Site Induction Passport
Ground Hand  Formal Yard or Site Labourer Training (Green Record Card) Green
 Induction by employer to include basic instructions for Record Card
labourer skills, may also be ‘on- the-job’ training with
experienced workers.
 High level of supervision and monitoring.
 Role is only to assist Scaffolders.
 Not permitted to erect, alter or dismantle scaffolding. If
working at height must do so in a fully boarded and
guardrailed platform with safe access and egress, as
expected by users.
Trainee Level 1 Basic Scaffolder Level 1 Part A Passport
Scaffolder Skill Test
Red Record
Card
Level 2 Intermediate Level 2 & 3 Part B Passport,
Scaffolder Scaffolder Skill Test,
Blue Record
Card
Advanced Level 3 Advanced Level 4 Complex Passport
Scaffolder Scaffolder Skill Test
Gold Record
Card
3
System N/A Product Product N/A Passport
Scaffold Training Training Certificate of
Erector Training
(only)
4
Scaffold N/A Advanced Advanced Scaffold Passport
Inspector Scaffold Scaffold Safety Skill Test
Inspection Inspection Inspection Purple
(Complex) Record Card
5
Scaffolding N/A Scaffolding Scaffolding N/A Passport
Supervisor / Supervisor Supervisor Skill Test
Manager Platinum
Record Card
Notes
1. Contractors must underwrite (present a formal statement to PDO Contract Holder) explaining
the competence assessment framework and state the current level of an individual for their
working at height operatives before site commencement.
2. All Contractor companies (scaffolding operatives) must be able to demonstrate the relevant
Competence of an operative or arrange a Skill Test for their appropriate grade. Evidence will
be the appropriate card or with regard to manufacturers training it may be recorded in the
Contractor records or PDO Passport.
3. Training providers will be expected to supply cards in the correctly colour code for work at
PDO.
Page 91 of 99
4. Operatives must be trained in the specific system e.g. Cuplok, Kwikstage etc.
System scaffolding should be erected by Scaffolders to the appropriate grade for the type of
scaffold structure (e.g. Basic, Intermediate or Advanced). Where non-scaffolders wish to
erect system scaffolds for a specific task, they must receive specific training with limited
scope and subject to a ‘step out’ approval e.g. very basic low-level scaffolds for a specific
task.
5. Scaffold Inspectors must have at least 3 years experience as a Scaffolder or Advanced

Scaffolder before becoming an Inspector.
6. Scaffolding Supervisors or Management must have at least 5 years experience as a
Scaffolder, Advanced Scaffolder or Scaffold Inspector.
B3 Other Work at Height Training

Occupation / Training / Accreditation /
Comments
Role Qualification(s) Approved Scheme
Mobile Access  PASMA Standard  PASMA Approved At least 1 member of
Towers Training Course Training Provider the working party
 PDO recognised must hold a PASMA
equivalent
certificate of
equivalent.
Portable Ladders  PASMA Low-level  PASMA Approved Formal training is
& other Low-level Access Training Training Provider preferred; however
Access Course  Employer where in-house
 Ladders & Steps
Equipment training is undertaken
Training Course
 PDO Recognised for the use of ladders
equivalent and low-level access
 In-house Training equipment, the
/briefing training must be
approved by PDO.
Falsework / Product Training Manufacturer / Proprietary product
Formwork Supplier training must be
Erector provided in accordance
with the
manufacturer’s
instructions. Such
product training must
be approved by PDO.
Page 92 of 99
Occupation / Training / Accreditation /
Comments
Role Qualification(s) Approved Scheme
Mobile Elevating IPAF Powered Access IPAF Approved Note that the IPAF
Work Platforms Licence or equivalent Training Provider or scheme is divided into
(MEWPs) equivalent different grades and
ROP Drivers Licence, categories depending
or recognised country upon the type of
equivalent. MEWP and operation –
for info see
www.ipaf.org
PAL holders must
receive a
familiarisation briefing
and record a log book
of their experience.
Mast Climbing IPAF Powered Access IPAF Approved IPAF special category
Work Platforms Licence Training Provider for MCWPs.
(MCWPs)
Safety Net FASET Training & FASET Approved Note that the FASET
Riggers Assessment or PDO Training Provider / scheme relies upon
recognised Assessor training, experience
equivalent. and achievement of an
NVQ.
Rope Access IRATA Level 1, 2 or 3 IRATA Approved IRATA is the only

Technician Training Provider scheme recognised by
PDO for rope access
operations. Each
working party (crew)
must be led by a Level
3 Technician.
Temporary Edge Product Training Manufacturer / Proprietary product

Protection Supplier training must be
Installation provided in accordance
(proprietary) with the
manufacturer’s
instructions. Such
product training must
be approved by PDO.
Page 93 of 99
Appendix C Designed Scaffolds (List)
This list is provided as a guideline of the type of access and special purpose scaffold
structures that require design engineering and is not an exhaustive list. For categories of
design refer to SP1257 Appendix C Scaffold Design Matrix.
1. System scaffolds outside of the manufacturer’s instructions

2. Independent Tied Access scaffolds with more than the 2 working lifts (in service)
allowed with TG20 'Basic Scaffolds' e.g. 1 lift to 100% and an adjacent lift to 50%
3. Independent Tied Access scaffolds outwith TG20 'Basic Scaffolds' (e.g. non-standard
bracing or tying patterns).
4. Access scaffolds with loading greater than 3kN/m2 (Load Class 4)
5. Access scaffolds higher than 10m to working platform level.
6. Free-standing Independent Access Scaffold with Buttressing
7. Access Birdcages with a height to base ratio >1:1
8. Mobile access towers outside the height to base limitations of TG20
o 3.5:1 Indoors (no wind loading)
o 3:1 Outdoors (with wind loading)
9. Freestanding Static Access Towers outside the height to base limitations of TG20
o 4:1 Indoors (no wind loading)
o 3.5:1 Outdoors (adjacent to a building with a wind loading)
10. Cantilevered scaffolds
11. Truss-out Scaffolds
12. Slung and Suspended scaffolds
13. Bridge scaffolds (with beams or vertical bracing (spurs or pull-backs))
14. Façade retention scaffolds
15. Temporary roofs and temporary buildings
16. Clad scaffolds (sheeting, netting, hoarding etc.) outwith the parameters of basic
scaffolds in TG20.
17. Loading Bays founded on the ground
18. Radial scaffolds (splayed)
19. Falsework and Shoring scaffolds (Dead, Raking and Flying Shores)
20. Formwork Scaffolds
21. Temporary ramps and elevated roadways
22. Staircases and fire escapes
23. Spectator Terraces, Seating Stands and Stages
24. Scaffolds requiring guys or ground anchors for stability
25. Scaffolds requiring kentledge or ballast for stability
26. Offshore scaffolds outside Offshore Contractors Association (OCA) handbook
27. Pedestrian footbridges or walkways
28. Protection fans, Nets and Pavement Gantries
29. Marine scaffolds (scaffolds founded in water).
30. Boiler/Chamber scaffolds
31. Power line crossing guards
Page 94 of 99
32. Sealing-end structures
33. Lifting gantries and towers
34. Steeple scaffolds
35. Sign board supports
36. Temporary Storage Racks on Site
37. Masts, Lighting Towers and Transmission Towers
38. Advertising hoardings/banners
39. Any scaffold structure subject to:
o Vibration
o High Loading
o Long term duration
o High risk areas
o Loading from passenger/goods hoists
Page 95 of 99
Appendix D Typical Signs and Notices
No Unauthorised
Access Work
Overhead
Access Permit
Required
D1 Example Restricted Access Sign D2 Example Caution Working Overhead
D3 Example Special Loading Sign D4 Example Fragile Roof Sign
Page 96 of 99
D5 Example Scaffold Incomplete Sign
D6 Example Scaffold Tagging System
Page 97 of 99
Version: 3.0
Appendix E SCAFFOLD INSPECTION REPORT
Report of results of every inspection as required by PDO Work at Height Specification SP1257
Name & Address of the company/person on whose behalf the inspection Location of the place of work inspected (Site Address):
was carried out:
Description Date Date & Matters identified Can work Reported To Remedial Condition Inspectors
be carried
(Tower, Independent, Erected Time of out Action (In good Name
Birdcage) Inspection safety? order, unsafe)
Yes/No
Page 98 of 99
Appendix F References and Further Information
Petroleum Developments Oman LLC [www.pdo.co.om]

(PDO) MSE
Ministry of Manpower (MOM) [www.manpower.gov.om] (Labour

Law)
Royal Oman Police (ROP) [www.rop.gov.om]
American National Standards Institute www.ansi.org

(ANSI)
British Standards Institute (BSI) www.bsigroup.co.uk
CSkills Awards (CITB) www.cskills.org/awards
Construction Industry Scaffolders’ www.cisrs.org.uk

Record Scheme (CISRS)
Fall Arrest Safety Equipment Training www.faset.org.uk

(FASET)
International Powered Access Federation www.ipaf.org

(IPAF)
International Rope Access Trade www.irata.org

Association (IRATA)
International Scaffolder (Interscaff) www.internationalscaffolder.com
International Standards Organisation www.iso.org

(ISO)
National Access & Scaffolding www.nasc.org.uk

Confederation (NASC)
Occupational Safety and Health www.ohsa.gov

Administration (OSHA)
Prefabricated Access Suppliers and www.pasma.co.uk

Manufacturers Association (PASMA)
Specialist Access Engineering and www.saema.org

Maintenance Association (SAEMA)
Work at Height Safety Association www.wahsa.co.uk

(WAHSA)
Page 99 of 99

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Petroleum Development Oman L.L.C.

Document: Contract HSE Management

Guidelines for Work at Height & Access

Document ID GU-363 Guideline for the Work at Height and Access

Document Type Guideline

Discipline Management Safety & Environment

Document Owner Corporate Functional Discipline Head MSEM

Month and Year of

Keywords HSE Standards

Document Owner Document Custodian Document Author

Date: 19/09/2013 Date: 19/09/2013 Date: 19/09/2013

Version No. Date Author Scope / Remarks

Version 1.0 August Dr. Ben Taal First Issue

Users are encouraged to participate in the ongoing improvement of this document by

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