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Research Article
Formulation and Evaluation of Allium Sativum Tablets for Improved Oral Delivery
a *, a a b a a
Onyechi J.O. , Chime S.A. , Onyishi I.V. , Brown S.A. , Eleigwe P.O. , Onunkwo G.C.
a
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria.
b
Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author’s E-mail: salome.chime@unn.edu.ng
because of their advantages over the other dosage Manesty Single Punch tabletting machine (Manesty,
forms30 and account for 70 % - 80 % of all pharmaceutical England).
dosage forms 31. The aim of the work is to standardize
Table 1: Composition of Allium sativum tablets
Allium sativum by formulating them into tablets dosage
form in order to encourage the use of this drug and also Ingredient/tablet in mg
enhance patient compliance. Garlic powder 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0
MATERIALS AND METHODS Binder* 3.0 6.0 12.0 24.0
Maize starch, acacia, gelatin (BDH, England), sodium Maize starch 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
carboxymethylcellulose and magnesium stearate (May Tartrazine 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
and Baker, England), distilled water (Lion water, Nsukka,
Magnesium stearate 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
Nigeria), hydrochloric acid, lactose (Merck, Germany).
Garlic powder was obtained from the dried bulb of Allium Lactose qs 300.0 300.0 300.0 300.0
sativum processed in our laboratory. All other reagents *Acacia, gelatin and SCMC
and solvents were analytical grade and were used as
Uniformity of weight
supplied.
To study the weight variation, 20 tablets from each batch
Preparation of garlic powder
were weighed individually using an electronic balance
Allium sativum bulbs were collected from Jos, Nigeria in (Ohaus Adventurer, China) and the test was performed
34
the month of January, 2008. The plant material was according to the official method .
authenticated by Mr. A.O. Ozioko, a consultant
Disintegration time test
taxonomist with the International Center for
Ethnomedicine and Drug Discovery (InterCEDD) Nsukka. Disintegration time test was conducted using an Erweka
The voucher specimen of the plant was deposited in the ZT4 basket and rack assembly (Erweka, Germany) and 0.1
herbarium of the Department of Pharmacognosy and N HCl maintained at 37.0 ± 1.0 oC as the disintegration
Environmental Medicines, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. medium. Ten tablets from each batch were used for the
The bulb and cloves were peeled, cut into chips and dried test and the procedure being as stipulated in the BP 34.
at room temperature for 63 days. Maize starch was added
Crushing strength test
to the garlic chips at a ratio of 1:1 to adsorb the garlic oil
and aid in the particle size reduction. The garlic chips Crushing strengths of tablets were determined using
were then milled using a grinder (Kenitone Millennium Monsanto-Stokes hardness tester. All measurements
Quality, SO300B) and screened through size no 10 (1.7 were made in triplicates and the mean crushing strength
mm) to obtain granules of uniform size which were recorded.
further dried and also screened through sieve number 16 Tablet friability test
(size 1.0 mm) to further obtain uniform size granules.
The test was performed using a Roach friabilator
Phytochemical screening
(Campbell Electronics, Mumbai, India). Twenty tablets
Phytochemical tests were carried out on garlic powdered were randomly selected from each batch of the tablet.
extract for the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, The tablets were dedusted and weighed. The tablets were
carbohydrates and proteins. The tests were carried out placed into the drum of the friabilator and rotated at 25
using standard procedures of analysis 32-33. rpm for 4 min. The tablets were removed from the
friabilator, dedusted and reweighed. The friability result
Preparation of garlic tablets
was expressed as loss of mass expressed as a percentage
Three binders acacia, gelatin and SCMC were used at of the initial mass 34. The percentage friability was
concentrations of 1, 2, 4 and 8 % w/w to prepare the calculated from the equation below:
granules as shown in Table 1. Garlic powder (10 % w/w),
the disintegrant (5 % w/w), the tartrazine (colourant) and
Friability (%) 100
w w
o
Garlic tablets were successfully formulated by wet 14. Augusti KT, Sheela CG. Antiperoxide effect of S-allyl
cysteine sulfoxide, a insulin secretagogue, in diabetic rats.
granulation using acacia, gelatin and SCMC as binders.
Experientia, 52, 1996, 115-120.
The tablets generally exhibited good physicochemical
properties. Garlic tablets has advantages over other 15. Anwar MM, Meki AR. Oxidative stress in streptozotocin-
forms of delivery systems for this drug which include: induced diabetic rats, effects of garlic oil and melatonin.
increase in aesthetic appeal and mouth feel which would Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Mol Integr. Physiol. 135, 2003,
539-547.
enhance patient compliance, increase in shelf life and
stability of this drug and ease of administration and use. 16. Bakri IM, Douglas CW. Inhibitory effect of garlic extract on
However, further research in this field of study is highly oral bacteria. Arch. Oral. Biol. 50, 2005, 645-651.10.
required in order to effectively make this drug available 17. Rees LP, Minney SF, Plummer NT, Slater JH, Skyrme DA. A
for use in the market. quantitative assessment of the antimicrobial activity of
garlic (Allium sativum.) World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 9,
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