ADENOVIRUS

Virion: Icosahedral, 70 – 90nm in diameter, 252

by: Dra. DIZON
Virus effect on in host defense mechanisms
capsomeres; fiber projects from each other
VA RNAs
3 major antigens
 Prevents activation of an interferon
1. Hexon
2. Penton E3 region proteins
3. Fibers
 Inhibit cytolysis of infected cells by host responses
Capsid contains 7 proteins
Effects on cell
Core contains the DNA; made up of polypeptide 5 & 7
 Primary kidney and epithelial cells
Terminal Protein – if destroyed, decrease infectivity of the  The cytopathic effect usually consists of:
virus  Marked rounding, enlargement, and
aggregation of affected cells into grape
Capsid – 240 Hexon – like clusters
 In infected cells – rounded intranuclear inclusions
Polypeptide 7 – important in forming the core structure containing DNA
 Adenovirus infections do not induce syncytia or
Hexon & Pentons – major components on the surface of multinucleated giant cells
the virus particle  Do not cause enlargement of cell
(cytomegaly)
Pentons – 12 vertices of capsid & have fibers protruding
from them Infections in human

 Penton base carries toxin activity  Infect and replicate in the epithelial cells:
1. Respiratory tract – 5% in children, < in
Replication adults
2. Eye
1.) Virus attachment, penetration & uncoating 3. Gastrointestinal tract
attachment via fiber structures to the host cell 4. Urinary tract
receptor (for some serotypes is CAR (Coxsackie –
adenovirus receptor) (MHC1) Group C viruses
Internalization step promoted
 persist as latent infections for years in
Early Events adenoids and tonsils
 shed in the feces for many months after
 Occur before the onset of viral DNA synthesis the initial infection
 Goals:
1. To induce the host cell to enter the S Pathogenesis and Immunity
phase of the cell cycle to create
conditions conducive to viral replication MOT – aerosol, close contact, fecal oral route
2. To express viral functions that protect
the infected cell from host defense - cause lytic – mucoepithelial cells
mechanisms latent – lymphoid and adenoid
3. To synthesize viral gene products transforming – hamster
needed for viral DNA replication
Viremia – latent and persist in immunocompromised
Late Events patients

 Begins with the onset of viral DNA synthesis Immunity protection for same serotypes
 Terminal protein functions as a primer for initiation
of viral DNA synthesis Respiratory Diseases
 L genes code for the viral structural proteins
controlled by major late promoter  Symptoms:
 Cough
Viral Assembly and Maturation  Nasal congestion Common in children
 Fever and infants Group C
 Mature particle is stable, infectious, and resistant  Sore throat
to nucleases  Types 3, 7, and 21 – 10 – 20 % of pneumonia
 Infectious cycle takes about 24 hours in childhood
 About 100,000 virus particles are produced per  Types 14 – outbreak, 2007
cell  Types 4, 7 , 3 – Adult respiratory syndrome

FLAWLESS
“For I know the plans I have for you, declares the LORD, plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future.” -
Jeremiah 29:11
Eye Infections
ADENOVIRUS 
by: Dra. DIZON
Polymerase chain reaction

 Pharyngoconjunctival fever Epidermiology

 Occur in outbreaks (“swimming pool
conjunctivitis”) Types 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 – Respiratory
 Types 3 and 7
 Duration of conjunctivitis: 1 – 2 weeks Types 40, 41 = GIT
 Complete recovery, no sequelae
 Epidemic keratoconjuctivitis Mode of transmission:
 Types 8, 9 and 37
 Occurs mainly in adults  Direct contact
 Highly contagious  Fecal – oral route
 Acute conjunctivitis followed by keratitis  Respiratory droplets
 Resolve in 2 weeks  Contaminated fomites
 Leave sub epithelial opacities in the
cornea for up to 2 years Type 1, 2, 5 and 6 occur chiefly during the first years of life

Gastrointestinal disease Types 3 and 7 – school years

 Types 40 and 41 – infantile gastroenteritis Types 4, 8 and 19 – adulthood

 Accounts for 5 – 15% of cases of viral
gastroenteritis in young children Treatment / Prevention and Control

Other infections  Hand washing

 Types 11 and 21 – hemorrhagic cystitis
 Types 1 – 7 – severe pneumonia in transplant
patients
 Hepatitis adenovirus = Allograft
 Myocardial Adenovirus = Heart transplant
 Pediatric Aids – AGE
 Disinfection – Sodium hypochlorite
 Paper towels
 Chlorination of swimming pools and waste water
 Strict asepsis during eye examination
 Sterilization of equipment
 Live adenovirus vaccine containing types 4 and 7
(no longer available)

Immunity Note:

- Long lasting  Hope this trans will help a lot!

 First part of the trans is not complete, I
Laboratory diagnosis
apologize for that. If you have complete
Samples: notes, kindly add the info. Thanks in
advance.
 Stool
 Urine  Study hard but Pray harder.
 Throat  Godbless you all! =)
 Conjunctiva
 Rectal swab

Duration of adenovirus excretion varies among different

illnesses:

 1 – 3 days: throat of adults with common cold

 3 – 5 days: throat, stool, and eye, for
pharyngoconjunctival fever
 2 weeks, eye, for keratoconjunctivitis
 3 – 6 weeks, throat and stool of children with
respiratory illnesses
 2 – 12 months, urine, throat, and stool of
immunocompromised patients
 Primary human embryonic kidney cells – most
susceptible
 Human epithelial cell lines (HEp – 2, HeLa, and
KB)
 Immunofluorenscence tests
 HI and Nt tests – measure type – specific antigen
 Shell vial technique

FLAWLESS
“For I know the plans I have for you, declares the LORD, plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future.” -
Jeremiah 29:11