UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL ECUADOR

LANGUAGE INSTITUTE

NAME: _________________________________________________________ DATE: _________________

POSSESSIVE
 USE. The Possessive is used to show possession. There are three types of possessives:

Possessive adjective Possessive Pronoun Possessive Noun
My + Noun Mine ------
Your + Noun Yours ------
His + Noun His Gabriel’s – Alex’s – Ross’(’s)
Her + Noun Hers Martha’s – Ana’s – Joss’(’s)
Its + Noun Its The car’s – the dog’s – the bathroom’s
Our + Noun Ours -------
Their + Noun Theirs The teacher’s – the children’s – the deer’s

 Possessive Adjective. The possessive Adjective is always followed by a noun to be complete.

Example: That is my book. I’m eating her lunch. They have always been our friends.

 Possessive Pronoun. The possessive Pronoun isn’t followed by a noun because it is already known or mentioned.

Example: I have this incredible book and it is mine. (my book)

I’m eating my lunch, yours (your lunch) is getting cold.
They are good friends, and they have always been ours. (our friends)

 Possessive Nouns. They are only used in third person (singular or plural) and they use the current noun and “ ’s” to
show possession

Example: I have this incredible book but it is Gabriel’s. (his book / Gabriel’s book / his)
I’m eating my lunch, Adriana’s (her lunch / hers / Andrea’s lunch) is getting cold.
My friends have always been Alex and Luis’(’s). (their friends / theirs / Alex and Luis’(’s) friends)

Exercise. Choose the right answer (possessive adjective or possessive pronoun):

1. I'm riding this bike because it is _________. Nobody gave it to me.

2. Those rings belong to Lucy, so they are _________.
3. There is a book on your desk. Is it _________?
4. That’s not our computer because ________ wasn’t brought today.
5. That chain belongs to my dog, therefore it is ________ and not your dog’s.
6. Jane’s sister has already eaten her lunch, but I'm saving ________ until later.
7. She has broken _______ leg, recently.
8. He’s taking ________ cell phone to the repair store, but _________ is working because she is very careful with it.
9. Tina bought a computer and ________ computer is a Mac, but _______ is a PC because he likes inexpensive computers.
10. You can tell her that she should take the car. The keys are there and are all ________!
11. We gave them ________ telephone number, and they gave us __________.
12. _______ pencil is broken. Can I borrow one of_________? You have two.
13. You can't have any chocolate! It's all _________!
14. My car has a nice emblem of an eagle. That’s __________ eagle.

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 PRESENT UNREAL CONDITIONAL (Third Conditional)

USES. This Conditional is used to talk about “Impossible” or “Hypothetical” situations.

If we were in London today, we would be able to go to the concert in Hyde Park. (But we are not in London)
If I had millions of dollars, I'd give a lot to charity. (But I don’t have millions of dollars)

NOTICE that after I / he/ she /it we often use the subjunctive form 'were' and not 'was'.
If she were happy in her job, she wouldn't be looking for another one. (But she is not happy)
If they were in Miami, They'd be shopping. (But they are not in Miami)

NOTICE the form 'If I were you' which is often used to give advice.
If I were you, I'd look for a new place to live.
If I were you, I'd go back to school and get more qualifications.

FORM. Use Past Tenses in the IF CLAUSE and modal verbs WOULD, COULD or SHOULD and the base form of the verb in
the RESULT CLAUSE.
If she KNEW the truth, she WOULD SAY something. You WOULD PARTICIPATE if you HAD the chance.
She COULD BE happy if she WERE WORKING there. If they WERE FIGHTING, I SHOULD GO AWAY.

Exercise. Complete the next sentences using the Present Unreal Conditional
1. If my grandfather were younger, He ______________ (do) so many things
2. If I ______________ (have) more money, I would buy a new car.
3. If she had an umbrella, she ______________ (not get) wet.
4. I ______________ (be) more careful if I were you.
5. If animals could talk, I wonder what they ______________ (say)

GENERAL EVALUATION

Complete the sentences using the correct Conditional form

1. If I______________ (not / know) a word, I always look it up in my dictionary.

2. If she ______________ (work) harder, she would make more money.
3. The sea level______________ (rise) if the planet gets hotter.
4. If you eat your sandwiches now, you______________ (not have) anything for lunch!
5. They play football if they ______________ (not / have) any homework.
6. If you freeze water, it ______________ (turn) to ice.
7. If he changed jobs, He ______________ (be) much happier.
8. If it weren't raining, we ______________ (go) to the beach.
9. If he______________ (save) all his money, he’ll be able to go on holiday to Canada.
10. You wouldn't feel so tired if you ______________ (be) doing more exercise.

DEGREES OF OBLIGATION

Expressing Obligation

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Complete the next sentences using MUST or HAVE TO in affirmative or negative form.
1. Larry_________________ go to the bank. He hasn't got any money.
2. You_________________ smoke in the baby's room.
3. You_________________ pay. The entrance is free.
4. You_________________ hurry up if we don't want to miss the plane.
5. In the company, everybody_________________ start to work at 8:30.
6. You_________________ cook tonight. I have already prepared the dinner.
7. She_________________ work. Her husband earns enough money for both of them.
8. You_________________ smoke at the petrol station.

Expressing Suggestions and Advice.

Complete the sentences using either COULD, SHOULD, OUGHT TO or HAD BETTER in affirmative or negative form, by
identifying if it’s an option, a recommendation, or a precaution.

1. He's not very strong. He………………………….try to lift the box.

2. We have to be home by ten o'clock. We………………………go now.
3. Cigarettes are unhealthy. People……………………….smoke them.
4. That book doesn't belong to him. He………………………take it or he will have a problem.
5. The speed limit is 50 km/h in the city. You…………………….slow down.
6. They ……………………do more exercise because they’re out of shape.
7. He ………………………go there or stay at home.
8. You …………………….come home late because this neighborhood is too dangerous.

Expressing Expectation

Make up sentences using “Be supposed to” in order to have similar sentences as the ones below.

It's your duty to make tea at eleven. ___YOU ARE SUPPOSED TO MAKE___tea at eleven.
1. We don't allow smoking here. _______________________________ here.
2. It was your duty to obey him. _______________________________ him.
3. I think that Peter’s enjoying his vacation this week. _______________________________ his vacation.
4. My students can't talk to each other in the exams. ______________________________ to each other in the exams.

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 UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL ECUADOR
Language Institute

Name (s):___________________________________________________________________ Date: ________________

TOP NOTCH 2 – 3RD EDITION – VOCABULARY WORKSHOP (UNIT 10)

Rewrite the next sentences by using the vocabulary from the page 111.
1. Nobody is coming to the meeting. Why don’t we simply go home?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. That car is going to be incredibly expensive. You should buy something more affordable if you could.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Don’t treat Amanda like that. She is a really nice person. Imagine how you would feel if someone treated you the same.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Cristian has a lot of money. If you ask for help, he will help you. That’s a small amount of money for him.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. If I failed the level, I would feel terrible about it and I wouldn’t know what to say to my parents.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Read the statements. Then rewrite the situation, using an Unreal Conditional. Follow the example
I feel worried about my sister because she is crying all the time.
_ I wouldn’t feel worried about my sister if she weren’t crying all the time._
My parents don’t know how to buy online, therefore they continue using cash.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Peter and Marie are getting married on the weekend, therefore I have to buy them a present.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Vanessa can’t come to visit us tomorrow since she is going to work.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Diana is not telling the truth about her relationship, so her mother is getting angry.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I won’t be taken to the cinema because I have to do a lot of homework.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Match the next ideas with the expression you think is more appropriate, according to your thinking. Specify your reasons.

 People shouldn’t get a tattoo because they are obscene.

 People who are soccer fans waste their time. TO HAVE A DOUBLE STANDARD

 Only men can drive a car.

 Latin-American people are drug dealers. TO BE OLD-FASHIONED

 People should wear formal clothes on weddings.

 Men shouldn’t have their ears pierced. TO BE SEXIST

 Expensive cars represent richness.

 Men can’t cook. TO BE MODEST

 People should close their mouth when they are eating.

 Men should open the door for a woman to get in or get off a car.
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 GENERAL COURSE A2 EVALUATION
NAME: _______________________________________________________ DATE: _____________________________
Read the next impressions. Complete each paragraph using ONE word in each blank. Then use the EXPRESSIONS form the
previous exercise to establish what each storyteller is like. Explain your reasons

I don’t like people who dye _________ hair. I consider they have to be _________ conservative and respectful to the society. If I
saw my ____________ hair dyed in red, I __________ definitely send her again to the salon and have it either cut or dyed black
again because she doesn’t have to pretend ________ be a different person. She has just ________ beautiful hair as her mother, and
her mother is not used to dying __________. Therefore, no dying ________ allowed in my house.
Patrick Callahan (56)
I think he ______________________________________________________________________________________________

When I was young, I __________ to wear a dress or miniskirts with pumps in white, red or sometimes even black dresses. But
now, I’m too old to wear like that. ___________, my group of friends enjoy __________ miniskirts and tops, as if they were
teenagers, but they are not anymore. Maybe, if we ________ 5 years younger, we could wear _________ sexily, but the truth is
that we are ___________ to be mothers, and we are married, therefore we can’t be showing _________ legs around. Their dress
code is really liberal, but I think that __________ is more conservative. So ________ we meet, I always wear my mother-like pants
and jackets. No matter what they think of me, I’d ____________ follow my convictions if I want to be honest to myself.
Sarah Gellar (37)
I think she ______________________________________________________________________________________________

My son, David, is crazy. He has been always interested _______ cooking. In fact, he works in a restaurant as the sous chef. All
kinds of food _________ been prepared, chopped and served by him, but to be honest, I was never happy _______ that. And to
make it worse, _______ sister, Jeaneth, works as a police officer. She never liked to play with dolls or tea cups; instead she would
always borrow her __________ cars and guns and pretend to be at war. “Watch out!!!... A grenade!!!” she used to say, and I never
understood why my two children were not how they were _________ to be…you know… my delicate girl and _________
masculine boy. I’ve always tried to put myself in their _______, but it’s difficult. _______ I want to talk about a new recipe, I
_________ to do it with David, and if I need someone strong to help me move a coach, Jeaneth _______ do it. I ________
understand it at all.
Marie Cox (54)
I think she ______________________________________________________________________________________________

My wife doesn’t agree with me. I always say that tattoos are not appropriate for teenagers, but she says they are ________ as
appropriate for them as they are for adults; to _______ his own. I think it’s _______ craziest idea because if you are a teenager, you
are not mature enough, therefore you can´t get a tattoo that will last the rest of _______ life. On the other hand, only adults are
mature enough to decide what to do with _______ bodies. This discussion ________ brought up because I have a niece who has a
tattoo, and I find ________ colors too bright, but the problem is that my 16-year-old daughter wants to get a tattoo almost as bright
as her _________. Can you imagine that?!!!
Richard Anderson (46)
I think he _____________________________________________________________________________________________