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Cranes
2
Crane and Sling Goals
Crane hazards, inspection, and operations
Sling inspection and use
Quiz
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Crane Hazards
Crane, sling, or hook could
fail if overloaded
Load could flip, turn, or
release suddenly if not
attached correctly
People or objects could be
struck by the load
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Crane Capacity
Rated capacity clearly marked on each side
of the crane
If more than one hoisting unit, each hoist
must be marked with rated capacity
Markings clearly legible from the ground
5
Crane Inspections
Daily inspections include:
Operating mechanisms to ensure proper working
order
Air or hydraulic systems for leaks
Periodic inspections:
Deformed, cracked, or corroded components
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General Operating Rules
Only trained, designated operators
are permitted to operate cranes
A crane must not be loaded beyond its rated
capacity
Follow all safe operating procedures
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Attaching the Load
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Hooks
Safety latch or clip
Load in center of hook’s
curve
Picking up load with
the hook’s tip causes
it to open up and weaken
Replace hooks that are
bent open or twisted
9
Moving the Load
Be sure the hook and hoist are directly
over the load
Ensure that chains/ropes/slings are not twisted
Ensure that the load is well secured and
balanced
When traveling, keep the load close to the floor
10
Hoisting Safety
Avoid sudden acceleration or deceleration
Watch for obstructions
Never leave controls with load suspended
Do not use cranes for side pulls
Never lower the load below the point where less
than two full wraps of rope remain on the
hoisting drum
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Hoisting and People
Never carry loads over people
Do not hoist, lower, or travel a load when
an employee is on the load or hook
When two or more cranes are lifting a load,
put one qualified person in charge
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Hand Signals
Hoist up
Hoist down
Stop
Travel
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Crane and Sling Goals
Crane hazards, inspection, and operations
Sling inspection and use
Quiz
14
Sling Types
Eye to eye versus endless
Steel chains
Wire rope or steel cable
Metal mesh
Fiber rope (natural or synthetic)
Synthetic mesh
15
Operator Sling Inspections
Each day before use by a trained operator
Check slings and attachments for damage
Immediately remove damaged and defective
slings from service
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Thorough Sling Inspections
At least annually,
recorded in a log
Chains
Wire rope
Metal mesh
Fiber rope
Synthetic web
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Sling Rules
Never load beyond rated capacity
Label properly
Never shorten with
knots, bolts, or any other device
Protect from sharp edges
Attach securely to the load
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Sling Rules (cont.)
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Sling Storage
Hang slings on a wall
Never leave on the ground
Never expose to water, welding sparks,
chemicals, etc.
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Sling Hitches
Vertical
Choker
Basket
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Sling Angles
Ratings based on a vertical hang
Slings hung >= 5° angle from vertical
Slings used at angles should be checked for
capacity
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Angle Examples
Assume 1,000 lb. load lifted with 2 slings
1,000 lb.
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Crane and Sling Goals
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Summary
Only trained and authorized operators
allowed to use a crane
Inspect both crane and slings before use
Properly secure the load and try to keep
slings vertical
Keep all people away from a load while
it is being hoisted or moved
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Quiz
1. When do slings need to be inspected? __________
2. Wrapping the hoist’s chain/rope around
the load is a safe way to hitch a load. True or False
3. Name two things on a crane that need to be inspected
each day: ___________and ___________.
4. What prevents a hook from becoming disconnected
from the load? _____________________________
5. Each crane must be clearly marked
with its rated capacity. True or False
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Quiz (cont.)
6. Lift load high when traveling
in order to avoid people or objects. True or False
7. The best way to shorten a chain sling
is with a strong bolt through two links. True or False
8. When using a basket hitch, the load
must be properly balanced. True or False
9. What causes slings to be subjected to loads
in addition to the weight of the object? __________
10. What should be attached to every sling? __________
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Quiz Answers
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Quiz Answers (cont.)
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