9/8/2009

COEN 312: Digital Systems Design

Fall 2009
Section: X

Dr. Shah Jahinuzzaman

www.ece.concordia.ca/~shah

Course Information
• 3.5 Credits; Prerequisite COEN 231
• Instructors
– Dr. Shah M. Jahinuzzaman (this section)
• shah@ece.concordia.ca; Office: EV 5.181
– Dr. Asim J. Al-Khalili (section: F; course coordinator)
• asim@ece.concordia.ca; Office: EV 5.111
• http://users.encs.concordia.ca/~asim/coen312/coen312.html
• Lab Coordinator
– Ted Obuchowicz (ted@ece.concordia.ca)
• TAs (tutorial and lab)
– see course outline and lab guidelines
(ww.ece.concordia.ca/~shah/teaching_link.html)

COEN 312 © Shah Jahinuzzaman; Concordia University, Canada 2

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Course Information (contd.)

• Textbook
– Digital Design, 4th Edition; M. Mano & M. Ciletti
– Selected chapters
• Assignments
– 4 assignments from the textbook exercises
• Lab
– 5 experiments; start on September 21st; Room: H-863
– Manual available at the bookstore
• Midterm exam
• Final exam

COEN 312 © Shah Jahinuzzaman; Concordia University, Canada 3

Marking Scheme
• Assignments: 5%
• Midterm Exam : 25%
• Final Exam: 50%
• Laboratory: 20% (15% reports, 5% exam)
– Passing the lab-work is a requirement

• Plagiarism and cheating will face serious consequences according

to the University policies
• Disclaimer: In the event of extraordinary circumstances beyond the
University's control, the content and/or evaluation scheme in this
course is subject to change.

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Schedule
• Lectures
– Tuesday, Thursday; 11:45 am – 1:00 pm; MB 3.270
• Tutorials
Rajeev Narayanan (r_naraya@encs.concordia.ca) 8:45-10:25 am MB S2.105 (Tuesday)
MB S2.135 (Thursday)
Kamalpreet Kaur(kamalpreetkaur85@hotmail.com) 8:45-10:25 am MB 2.285 (Thursday)

• Office hours
– 2:30 – 4:00 pm Tuesdays; EV 5.181
• Assignments
A i
– September 22, October 6, November 10 & 26
• Midterm
– October 15, 2009
COEN 312 © Shah Jahinuzzaman; Concordia University, Canada 5

Course Outline
Levels of abstraction

Photograph Layout of
of the chip the chip

System Board Packaged chip

Functional Register Layout level design

Specifications design, i.e., Transfer
(what does behavioural Level
the chip do?) simulation (RTL)
(VHDL) design
Logic or gate level design

COEN 312 Transistor level design

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Course Outline (contd.)

• Boolean algebra and logic gates

• Gate-level minimization; HDL
• Combinational logic
• Sequential logic
• Registers and counters
• Memory and programmable logic

COEN 312 © Shah Jahinuzzaman; Concordia University, Canada 7

Expected Outcome
• Design digital circuits at the gate level
– Seven segment
g displays,
p y , home security
y
systems, adders, ALU, etc.
– Counters, shifters, ROM, PLAs, FPGAs
• Minimize number of gates and hence cost
• Use digital ICs (like
TTL IC
ICs)) to
t implement
i l t
a variety of circuits

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Digital Systems
• Systems that store and process discrete signals
• Most signals and parameters in the world are continuous
or analog (sound, temperature, etc.)
– Can take all possible
values over a range

Time (hours)

• Discrete signals can take only a finite number of values

over a range. For example, the output voltage of a
temperature sensor can take finite values corresponding
to integer degree Celsius from -40 to +119. Such
digitized signal is referred to as “digital signal”
COEN 312 © Shah Jahinuzzaman; Concordia University, Canada 9

Digital Systems are Binary

• All modern digital systems use only two valued signal – HIGH and
LOW, or ‘1’ and ‘0’, and hence said to be binary
• Whyy binary?
y – more levels would divide the available voltage g rangeg
into smaller ranges, requiring complex and costly electronic circuits,
and making more sensitive to noise
• A binary digit is called a ‘bit’; a group of bits is used to represent a
large number of discrete values (e.g., ‘0011’ for ‘3’; ‘0111’ for ‘7’ )

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Why Digital?
• High noise margin
– Noise below a threshold cannot change the signal value
– Noisy signal is restored to 0 or 1 as it passes through a
gate
• Easy logical representation, optimization, and
implementation
• Programmability
– Same hardware can be reused by changing program
• High reliability
– Easy to detect or correct errors

COEN 312 © Shah Jahinuzzaman; Concordia University, Canada 11

Mathematical Representation
• A binary logic system can be used to provide a
mathematical framework to digital systems
• Binary logic system is a class of Boolean Algebra and
deals with binary variables that assume the values 1 and
0 or TRUE and FALSE
• The binary logic has three basic logical operations:
– AND: represented by a dot or by the absence of an operator. For
example, Z=X·Y or Z=XY is read “Z is equal to X AND Y”. It
means that Z Z=11 if and only if X=1
X 1 and Y=1.
Y 1. Z
Z=0
0 otherwise.
– OR: represented by a plus symbol. For example, Z=X+Y is read
“Z is equal to X OR Y”. It means that Z=1 if X=1 or Y=1 or X=1
and Y=1. Z=0 if X=0 and Y=0.
– NOT: represented by a prime or overbar. For example, Z=X’ or
Z=X is read “Z is equal to NOT X”. It means that Z what X is not
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Mathematical Representation (contd.)

• Evaluate the following Boolean expressions:
– F=A’B+C
– F=(A+B)C’
• Why mathematical representation:
– Represents complex descriptions by simple equations
– Enables algebraic operation to minimize the logic
– Enables quick estimation of a function
• Symbols of digital/binary logic gates

AND OR NOT
COEN 312 © Shah Jahinuzzaman; Concordia University, Canada 13

Converting Spec to Boolean Exp.

• A fire sprinkler system should spray water if high heat is sensed and
the system is set to enabled.
Answer: Let Boolean variable H represent
p “high
g heat is sensed” E
represent “enabled” and F represent “spraying water.” Then the
equation for the system is: F = H AND E = H·E
H
F
E
• A car alarm should sound if the alarm is enabled, and either the car
is shaken or the door is opened.
Answer: Let A represent “alarm
alarm is enabled
enabled,” S represent “car
car is shaken”
shaken ,
D represent “door is opened,” and F represent “alarm sounds.” Then
the equation for the system is: F = A AND (S OR D) = A·(S+D).
A
F
S
D
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Summary
• Today’s lecture provided an outline of COEN 312
• The fundamentals of digital systems and their
advantages were discussed
• Logical or mathematical representation of digital
systems was introduced
• Sample digital designs were done to give an
idea of designs we will be doing in COEN 312
SO WELCOME TO THE FIRST AND MOST
USEFUL DIGITAL DESIGN COURSE

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