Unit 2

Introduction to Virtualization

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 • Virtualization
• Server Virtualization
- Full Virtualization
Introduction to Virtualization - Para Virtualization
- OS Level Virtualization
• Virtual Machine Migration
• Virtualization v/s Cloud Computing

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 Virtualization

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Virtualization
• Is the creation of a virtual(not actual) version
• It can be a virtual server, storage, operating system, or virtual network resources
• Is a technique which abstracts the underlying physical resources to provide a simulated
environment
• This simulated environment is called a virtual machine (VM)
• The abstraction also allows a single machine to be showcased as multiple virtual
machines

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History of Virtualization

Data Center is a secured facility to house IT equipment.

• It provides redundancy on power supply, environmental controls (e.g. AC, fire
suppression, data communication connections and security devices)
Conventional Data Centers have
• Multiple applications
• Multiple servers
• Multiple OS
• The server are underutilized

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Data Center Transformation

Consolidated :
Consolidating multiple
Dedicated : Running
one application on one applications within the Virtualized : Running
scope of a single OS multiple
physical server
to reduce number of
physical servers

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Virtualized Data Centers

¾ Multiple applications
¾ Single physical server supporting multiple virtual servers
¾ Single OS supporting multiple OS
¾ Optimal utilization of servers

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Benefits of Virtualization

• Optimal utilization of resources

• Virtualization allows resource sharing
• By creating virtual machines, fewer servers are required for same number of
applications

• Reduces data center space

• Virtual machines helps in reducing the physical hardware and thus allows to
reclaim data center space

• Reduction in operation cost

• Less hardware leads to less power consumption
• Less maintenance overhead of IT staff

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Server Virtualization

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Server Virtualization

• Is the masking of server resources

- Processor
- Memory
- HDD
- NIC
• Create multiple VM on a single server
• Each VM has its own OS and applications like a real computer

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Server Virtualization - How it works?
• Two main building blocks:
– Host machine is the actual hardware of the underlying machine
– Guest Virtual machine is a separate and independent instance that has a full copy of OS and
application software

• Virtual machines are managed by another layer

– Hypervisor/Virtual Machine Manager (VMM)

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Hypervisor
• Is the software that creates and manages the guest VM
• Can be of two different types
– Type 1 : Native or bare-metal hypervisor
– Type 2 : Hosted hypervisor

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Hypervisor Types
Type - 1(Bare Metal)

• Runs directly on host hardware. It controls the host hardware and manages guest OS

• Known as hardware virtualization

• Examples: VMware ESX, Microsoft Hyper-V, Citrix XenServer, Oracle VM

Type - 2
• Runs on host OS like other programs, abstracting guest OS from host OS

• Known as software virtualization

• Less efficient than Type-1 hypervisors

• Examples: VMware Workstation, Microsoft Virtual PC, Oracle VM Virtualbox

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Hypervisor Types
Type - 1 Type - 2

Apps Apps Apps Apps Apps Apps

Guest Guest Guest Guest Guest Guest

OS OS OS OS OS OS

Type 1 Hypervisor Type 2 Hypervisor

Hardware Host OS

Hardware

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Ways of Server Virtualization
Server Virtualization techniques:
– Full Virtualization
– Para Virtualization
– OS level Virtualization

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Full Virtualization
• Technique used to provide complete simulation of underlying hardware
• Each guest runs its own version of OS. No modifications needed in the guest OS
• One VM is unaware of the other VMs running on same host
• Hypervisor co-ordinates instructions from VMs to the host
• Can be achieved using both Type 1 and Type 2 hypervisor

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Para Virtualization
• Each guest runs its own version of OS, but modify the guest OS to improve performance
• Guest VMs are aware of one another
• Guest OS to have hypervisor specific code, so hypervisor does not need much processing
resources
• All VMs work together as one unit
• Can be achieved using Type 1 hypervisor

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OS level Virtualization
• Host runs a single OS, Guest must have same OS as the host
• Hypervisor is not needed at all, Virtualization capability must be embedded into host OS
• VMs are independent of each other
• VMs cannot host a different guest OS

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Benefits of Server Virtualization
• Reduced scheduled downtime
– Live migration allows to move VMs from one physical host to another without much
downtime
• Load balancing
– Due to enhanced portability, the VMs can now be moved from one host to another
quickly, providing additional nodes for balancing load of the applications as well
• Easier backup and restore
• There is a provision for Incremental backups in server virtualization . This has been
possible due to hypervisor’s ability to track the blocks that have been changed
• Snapshot functionality has made the process of VM backups easier

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Benefits of Server Virtualization
• High availability
– If VMs current host fails, the VM can be automatically restarted on another host
• Fast provisioning
– Virtual machines can be easily and quickly cloned to create new

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Virtual Machine Migration

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VM Migration

• Virtual Machine(VM) Migration is movement of a VM from one physical host to another

• Transfers VM state from source host to destination

– Processor state (CPU registers)
– Device state (Hardware registers)
– Memory content

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VM Live Migration
VM Live Migration is movement of a VM from one host to another while continuously
powered-up

– Users are not subjected to downtime

– Offers load balancing
– Facilitates proactive maintenance, where a faulty host can be identified and VM shifted
before disruption of service occurs
Support Tools

– Vmware VMotion
– Citrix XenMotion
– Live migration in Microsoft Hyper-v

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Migration Techniques
• Physical systems into Virtual machines (P2V)
• Virtual to Virtual(V2V)
• Virtual machines into Physical systems (V2P)

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Physical systems into Virtual machines(P2V)
• Copy all data (OS, application) from physical systems hard disk to virtual disk on virtual
machine
• P2V is actually conversion

Apps Apps Apps VM1 VM2 VM3

and OS and OS and OS

Hypervisor

server1 server2 server3 Hardware

Data Center Virtual Server

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Virtual to Virtual (V2V)
• Migration of all data( OS and applications) from one Virtual machine to another
• Might require up gradation of underlying virtual services

Apps Apps
Apps Apps

VM1 VM2 VM3 VM4

Hypervisor Hypervisor

Hardware Hardware

Server 1 Server 2
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Virtual machines into Physical systems(V2P)
• Virtual image is transferred into Physical system. It can be transferred to single or
multiple systems
• It’s a reverse P2V and is a conversion

Apps Apps Apps

and OS and OS and OS

VM1 VM2 VM3

Hypervisor

Hardware server1 server2

Virtual Server Data Center

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Role of Virtualization in Cloud

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Role of Virtualization in Cloud
• Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a
shared pool of configurable computing resources (eg. Server, storage, application) that can
be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort

Source: NIST Definition of Cloud Computing

• Virtualization is the key to unlock the door to cloud computing

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Role of Virtualization in Cloud - How?
• On demand provisioning and decommissioning
– Virtualization enables faster provisioning and decommissioning of resources
– This helps enterprise to optimize the resources and reduce the cost on Pay as you go
model

• Shared pool and elasticity of resources

– Virtualization provides resource pooling

• Enables economies of scale

– Virtualization enables efficient datacenter consolidation thereby cutting capital and
operating costs

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Virtualization v/s Cloud Computing

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Virtualization v/s Cloud Computing
Factor Virtualization
User needs to interact with
Hypervisor to create, manage VMs
User Interaction
and their properties
Virtualization is the foundational
element of cloud computing which
Presence
is mainly a part of the physical
infrastructure.
PUBLIC
Cloud Computing
All admin activities have been
outsourced by API
Human factor of management
have been automated
Cloud computing is the
delivery of shared computing
resources, software or data as
a service via the Internet
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Learning Outcomes
After going through this unit, you have understood:
• The underlying technology of Cloud Virtual Machines creation
• Different techniques used by cloud vendors to create virtual machines

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Thank You

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