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Technological Institute of the Philippines

Manila
CIVIL ENGINEERING
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EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH in CE 503 WATER AND
WASTE WATER ENGINEERING

PROGRAM ___CIVIL ENGINEERING_______________________ ___

SOURCE OF ASSESSMENT
COURSE CODE CE 503 WATER AND WASTE WATER ENGINEERING____

SECTION CE52KA1 ___________________________________

ASSESSED DOCUMENT MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF WASTEWATER

TIME OF DATA COLLECTION _2:45 PM, AUGUST 18, 2018_____________ _______
_1ST SEMESTER S.Y 2018-2019 ___________________

PREPARED BY: DE GUZMAN, JONNIEL _____________ _

LEGASPI, RAEJOHN _ ________________
MEDINA, MATTHEW ALDRICH____________
SARMIENTO, BIANCA ________________
UY, ROSE ANN_________ _______________

SEPTEMBER 2018
 Water and Waste Water Engineering 2018
EXPERIMENT
MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF WASTEWATER
Objective(s):
 To gather baseline information regarding wastewater discharges and other land
uses that are critical to the water quality of the estero.
 To determine if the city abides the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources standards for Class D waters
 To familiarize the students about wastewater testing.
Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
At the end of this study, the students shall be able to:
 Determine the function and the importance of examining the parameters of
wastewater.
 Learn to evaluate the data generated by these tests and thereby interpret and draw
conclusions about water quality from the results of these tests.
 Compare the result of wastewater examination samples and DENR approved
methods of analysis.
Discussion:

The quality of water in different Esteros, particularly in Manila, is deteriorating. The influx of
pollution from different sources negatively affects the class of water in the Metro. As a
concerned citizen and a student, the researcher has observed the various government
projects that aimed at rehabilitating the Manila waters, and yet there are still implications of
rapid increase in water pollution, resulting to the scarcity of water sources in the country.
This has significant effects in the ecology, health, and economy of our nation. These
conditions led the researcher to undergo this study. An attempt of using different parameters
such as water transparency, pH, BOD, COD, TSS, and Total Coliform as practical method
for evaluation of water quality in Estero de San Miguel and Quiapo, Manila, was hence made.
It measured the following variables of the study; the relative abundance, and
physicochemical parameters of Estero de San Miguel and Quiapo.

The standard bacterial water analysis performed in the laboratory using aseptic technique
determined the coliform count in samples expressed in most probable number per 100 mL
(MPN/100 mL). Coliform bacteria are organisms that are present in the environment and in
the feces of all warm-blooded animals and humans. Coliform bacteria will not likely cause
illness. However, their presence in waste water indicates that disease-causing organisms
(pathogens) could be in the water system. Most pathogens that can contaminate water
supplies come from the feces of humans or animals.

The massive pollution in esteros can be related to the frequent occurrence of flood-related
disasters in highly urbanized areas in the Philippines as wastes impede water flow during
flooding making the country one of the flood prone countries in the world. With the impact of
climate change at present time, water pollution is reaching a critical state in developing
countries as human health is also at great risk. Increased human settlements along esteros

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are exacerbating water pollution by exposing the streams to contamination from untreated
sewage going directly into the water.

Resources/Instruments Required:

 Waste Water sample (Estero de San Miguel and Quiapo)

 Sterilized Bottles
 Waste Water Testing Laboratory

Procedure:

1. Accommodate with waste water testing institutions that are accredited and
recognized by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources.

2. Students will provide sterilized bottles.

3. Site selection for wastewater sampling.

4. Acquire waste water samples from the chosen sample sources.

5. Avoid transfer the sample in a warm temperature.

6. Deliver the water samples to the waste water testing institutions.

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Data Results:

ESTERO DE QUIAPO (SITE 1)

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 Water and Waste Water Engineering 2018

WATER QUALITY FOR PRIMARY PARAMETERS

DENR LIMIT SITE SAMPLE
PARAMETERS UNIT CLASS D LABORATORY REMARKS
WATERS RESULT
Total Coliform MPN/100ml 10,000 24, 000, 000 FAILED
pH 6.0 – 9.5 6.60 PASSED
TSS mg/L 100 51 PASSED
BOD mg/L 50 40 PASSED
COD mgO2/L 100 88 PASSED

ESTERO DE SAN MIGUEL (SITE 2)

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WATER QUALITY FOR PRIMARY PARAMETERS

DENR LIMIT SITE SAMPLE
PARAMETERS UNIT CLASS D LABORATORY REMARKS
WATERS RESULT
Total Coliform MPN/100ml 10,000 9, 200, 000 FAILED
pH 6.0 – 9.5 6.51 PASSED
TSS mg/L 100 32 PASSED
BOD mg/L 50 67 FAILED
COD mgO2/L 100 160 FAILED

SUMMARY:
 The mean pH values ranged from acidic to neutral (6.60 to 6.51). Water pH in Sites
1 and 2 fall within the range of 6.0 to 9.5 for Class D waters. The pH value determines
the solubility and biological availability of chemicals in water. The acidic condition is
indicative of stressful conditions to fishes which are used as indicators of stream
pollution.

 The BOD in Site 2 increased. The result indicates a huge quantity of aerobic bacteria
that use oxygen to degrade the organic wastes. Organic wastes increase BOD
loading in Metro Manila, Philippines which does not conform to the DENR standard.

 In this study, COD in Site 2 increased. The highest COD reading is above the DENR
minimum standard for Class D waters. Indiscriminate dumping of solid waste such
as sanitary napkins, diapers, woods and bodies of dogs, pigs, rats and chicken
aggravates organic pollution.

 Site 2 had the lowest fecal coliform but the count still exceeded the DENR limit of
10,000 MPN/100mL. In this less-inhabited area, there were no houses along the
water that drained directly human waste but occasional human feces were found
along the stream banks and a pig was also tethered along the creek. There were
more households that drained human and animal excreta in Site 1 than in Site 2.
This could be due to the rapid stream velocity in Site 1 which carry and accumulate
the organic waste than in Site 2.

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Observations:
The murky and foul odor water could be the result of influx of the enormous amount of
wastewater and sewage from domestic and commercial sources that are acted upon by
bacteria. River sediments become black, and the odor is foul in the area.
Conclusion:

Based on the test results, water quality is deteriorating due to relatively high influx of waste
from toilets, kitchen, laundry and commercial establishments and indiscriminate dumping of
solid waste associated with dense population. Organic pollution is massive in Site 2 but the
rapid relative stream velocity maintains other physicochemical parameters within the
standards as wastes along the water current. Pollution from Site 1 is lesser than Site 2.
Continuous influx of pollutants is detrimental because of the limited buffering capacity of
water. The increasing fecal coliform contamination in Site 1 that exceeds the national limit
makes the water not suitable for human consumption and other domestic and recreational
purposes. The use of this water may pose a danger to human health. The present condition
of two esteros could possibly pose a threat to the water quality in Pasig River.

Recommendations:

The use of septic tanks among the estero community for toilets, and kitchen with the support

of the local government can reduce organic contamination. Continuous clean-up of estero

and monitoring of water quality are essential to evaluate the effects of interventions. Proper

solid waste management shall be implemented. Further comprehensive studies are

necessary to assess the impact of quarry and dam to aquatic ecosystem upstream. A

collaborative and sustainable community extension program shall be delivered to restore the

water quality of two esteros and recommend management strategies to improve water

quality of the estero. Set up a model showing the effect of pollution loadings on the river

quality in order to promote stewardship among the dwellers in the vicinity of the 3 – meter

easement along the estero.

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Documentation:

ESTERO DE QUIAPO

ESTERO DE SAN MIGUEL

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