Jan 03, 2016

Teacher Notes

Name Key Class Date

Classification of Matter
1. Define matter. Anything that has mass and takes up space (has mass and volume).

2. Write P by the physical properties or C by the chemical properties described below.

P a. Solid iodine is blue-black. P b. Sucrose is soluble in water.
C c. Sodium in water produces hydrogen gas. P d. Ethanol boils at 78°C.

3. Matter that is composed of only one kind of atom is classified as a(n) element .

4. How are pure substances and mixtures different? A formula can be written for a compound. A
mixture has no definite composition. (Every sample of a pure substance has identical
properties. A mixture’s properties vary.

5. Give an example of an ice cream flavor that is

heterogeneous chocolate chip homogeneous vanilla

6. Describe a physical property that can be used to separate the following mixtures.
a. ethanol and water boiling point (ethanol boils at a lower temperature than water; distillation)
b. sugar and sand solubility in water (salt dissolves in water, sand does not)
c. aluminum and steel cans magnetism (steel can are magnetic, aluminum can are not)
d. muddy water particle size (water will pass through a filter, mud will not; filtration)

7. Identify each of the following conceptual drawings as a representation of an element, compound or

mixture.

a. element b. mixture c. element d. compound e. mixture

8. Classify these items by writing E for element, C for compound or M for mixture on the line.
M a. milk C b. salt (NaCl) E c. carbon C d. glucose

9. Jewelry gold usually varies from 10K (10/24 gold) to 18K (18/24 gold) with other metals such as silver
or platinum. Is jewelry gold an element, compound or mixture? Justify your answer.
Jewelry gold is a mixture because it contains more than one element (type of atom) and its
composition varies.
 Teacher Notes
Name Key Class Date

Physical and Chemical Changes of Matter

1. Differentiate between physical and chemical changes of matter. Physical changes do not result in
the formation of new substances with different properties. Chemical changes do produce new
substances.

2. Changes of state (phase) are considered physical changes because no new substances are made

3. Draw conceptual drawings of 16 circles representing particles in the solid, liquid and gaseous states.
List four properties of each of these states.
Solid Liquid Gas

definite shape indefinite shape indefinite shape & volume

definite volume definite volume mostly empty space
particles “locked” in place particles can flow particles can flow freely
not compressible negligible compressibility compressible

4. Classify the following changes by writing P for a physical change or C for a chemical change.
P a. Rain evaporates from the sidewalk.
C b. Electricity separates water into H2 and O2.
P c. Sodium metal is cut with a knife.
P d. Glucose dissolves in water.
C e. Methane burns with a blue flame.
P f. Iodine crystals sublime to make purple gas.

5. What four signs indicate that a chemical change has taken place?
change of color change in heat or light
new solid (precipitate) forms new gas forms (evolves)

6. Substances that are present before a chemical reaction takes place are the reactants .

7. Substances made as a result of the reaction are called the products .

8. On the back, write SOLID LIQUID GAS. Fill in the names of these changes of state.

Solid to liquid is melting, liquid to gas is vaporization (evaporating and boiling), and solid to gas
is sublimation (examples are iodine and dry ice). Gas to liquid is condensation, liquid to solid is
freezing, and gas to solid is deposition (formation of frost or snowflakes, for example).
 Name ______________________________
ILS
Part 3: Match each diagram with its correct description. Diagrams will be used once.

A B C D E

_C_1. Pure Element – only one type of atom present.

_E_2. Mixture of two elements – two types of uncombined atoms present.

_B_3. Pure compound – only one type of compound present.

_A_4. Mixture of two compounds – two types of compounds present.

_D_5. Mixture of a compound and an element.

Part 4: Column A lists a substance. In Column B, list whether the substance is an

element (E), a compound (C), a Heterogeneous Mixture (HM), or a Solution (S).
(Remember a solution is a homogeneous mixture.) In Column C, list TWO physical
properties of the substance.

Column A Column B Column C

1. Summer Sausage HM Chunky, Brown
2. Steam C Gas, Hot
3. Salt Water S Liquid, Clear
4. Pencil lead (Pb) E Grey, Solid
5. Dirt HM Brown, Solid
6. Pepsi HM Brown, Liquid
7. Silver (Ag) E Silver, Solid
8. Toothpaste (Na2HPO4) C White, Thick
9. A burrito HM Multi-colored, Solid
10. Italian Dressing HM Liquid, Greasy
11. Chicken Soup HM Liquid/Solid, Brown
12. Lemonade S Yellow, Liquid
 Name ______________________________
ILS
Elements, Compounds & Mixtures Worksheet

Part 1: Read the following information on elements, compounds and mixtures. Fill in
the blanks where necessary.

Elements:
 A pure substance containing only one kind of __atom____.
 An element is always uniform all the way through (homogeneous).
 An element __cannot___ be separated into simpler materials (except during
nuclear reactions).
 Over 100 existing elements are listed and classified on the _Periodic Table_.

Compounds:
 A pure substance containing two or more kinds of __atoms__.
 The atoms are ___chemically___ combined in some way. Often times (but not
always) they come together to form groups of atoms called molecules.
 A compound is always homogeneous (uniform).
 Compounds ___cannot___ be separated by physical means. Separating a
compound requires a chemical reaction.
 The properties of a compound are usually different than the properties of the
elements it contains.

Mixtures:
 Two or more __elements___ or ____compounds__ NOT chemically combined.
 No reaction between substances.
 Mixtures can be uniform (called __homogeneous___) and are known as
solutions.
 Mixtures can also be non-uniform (called ____heterogeneous____).
 Mixtures can be separated into their components by chemical or physical means.
 The properties of a mixture are similar to the properties of its components.

Part 2: Classify each of the following as elements (E), compounds (C) or Mixtures (M).
Write the letter X if it is none of these.

_E_Diamond (C) _C_Sugar (C6H12O6) _M_Milk _E_Iron (Fe)

_M_Air _C_Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) _M_Gasoline _X_Electricity
_E_Krypton (K) _E_Bismuth (Bi) _E_Uranium (U) _M_Popcorn
_C_Water (H2O) _C_Alcohol (CH3OH) _M_Pail of Garbage _M_A dog
_C_Ammonia (NH3)_C_Salt (NaCl) _X_Energy _E_Gold (Au)
_M_Wood _M_Bronze _M_Ink _M_Pizza
_C_Dry Ice (CO2) _C_Baking Soda (NaHCO3)_E_Titanium (Ti) _M_Concrete
Atomic Basics Answer Key

Part A: Atomic Structure

1. Draw five protons in the nucleus of the atom. Label them with their charge.
2. Draw six neutrons in the nucleus of the atom.
3. Draw two electrons in the first energy level and label them with their charge.
4. Draw three electrons in the second energy level and label them with their charge.
5. What element is represented by the diagram? BORON

Part B: Atomic Calculations

6. Label the information provided in the periodic table.

ATOMIC NUMBER 7. What does the atomic number represent?

8
PROTONS or ELECTRONS
O SYMBOL
8. What does the atomic mass represent?
NAME
Oxygen
SYMBOL PROTONS + NEUTRONS
15.999

9. How would you figure the number of protons or electrons in an atom? USE THE ATOMIC NUMBER

10. How would you figure the number of neutrons in an atom? SUBTRACT THE ATOMIC NUMBER FROM
THE ATOMIC MASS

11. Use your knowledge of atomic calculations to complete the chart.

Element Atomic Atomic Protons Neutrons Electrons

Number Mass
Li 3 4 3
P 15 16 15
Cl 17 18 17
Ni 59 28 28
K 19 19 20
Ag 108 47 47
H 1 0 1
Si 14 28 14
W 74 36 74
Ne 10 20 10
NOTE: The number protons and electrons is equal to the atomic number. To find neutrons, subtract the number of
protons from the atomic mass. To find the atomic mass, add the number of protons and neutrons.
 Teacher Notes

Name Key Class Date

Atomic Structure
Subatomic Particles in Neutral Atoms
The table below contains information about several isotopes. Use the information given to fill in the
blanks. Assume all atoms are neutral.

Isotope Nuclear Atomic Mass # of # of # of

Name Symbol Number Number Protons Neutrons Electrons
40
1. calcium-40 20Ca 20 40 20 20 20

56
2. iron-56 26 Fe 26 56 26 30 26

18
3. oxygen-18 8 O 8 18 8 10 8

197
4. gold-197 79 Au 79 197 79 118 79

Subatomic Particles in Ions

The table below contains information about several ions. Use the information given to fill in the blanks.

Element Ion Atomic Mass # of # of # of

Name Symbol Number Number Protons Neutrons Electrons

5. chlorine Cl  17 35 17 18 18

6. silver Ag + 47 107 47 60 46

7. oxygen O 2 8 16 8 8 10

8. aluminum Al 3+ 13 27 13 14 10

Average Atomic Mass

9. Calculate the average atomic mass for neon if its abundance in nature is 90.5% neon-20, 0.3% neon-
21, and 9.2% neon-22.
(90.5)(20 amu) + (0.3)(21 amu) + (9.2)(22 amu) = 20.18 amu
100

10. Calculate the average atomic mass of silver if 13 out of 25 atoms are silver-107 and 12 out of 25
atoms are silver-109.
(13)(107 amu) + (12)(109 amu) = 107.96 amu
25
 Teacher Notes

Name Key Class Date

Models of the Atom

Label each description with the correct model of the atom (Bohr, Dalton, Democritus, Rutherford,
Thomson, or quantum).
Dalton 1. Atoms of the same element are identical and are different from atoms of
other elements.
Bohr 2. Hydrogen atoms emit light when excited electrons lose packages of energy.
Thomson 3. All atoms contain tiny particles that are attracted to a positively charged
plate.
Democritus 4. I think there is a limit to the number of times that matter can be divided, but
have no data.
Rutherford 5. A very few alpha particles were deflected almost straight back by the gold
foil.
quantum 6. The probable location of electrons can be described mathematically.

7. On the back of this sheet, construct a timeline of the models of the atom. Include the names of the six
models and important discoveries that led to each. (See Changing Atomic Models Notes.)

8. Draw pictures representing the models of Thomson and Rutherford.

nucleus

+
electron (-)

Thomson Rutherford

9. The path shown below is made by a neutron from the box passing between the charged plates. Draw
and label the path expected to be made by a proton and by an electron.
electron (-)
+
particle
source
—
proton (+)
10. Fill in the missing information in the table below.
Discovery Relative Location in
Particle Mass Symbols
order charge atom
1
proton second +1 1.007276 amu* in the nucleus 1 p , p+
Around nucleus, 1
electron first -1 0.0005486 amu in orbitals 0 e , e-
neutron 1
last (third) 0 1.008665 amu in the nucleus 0 n , n0
*atomic mass unit
Worksheet - Isotopes and Average Atomic masses Name_
Period.
4
Date

1. Four isotopes of lead include lead-204, lead-206, lead-207, and lead-208. The average atomic
mass of a lead atom is 207.2 amu. Which isotope of lead is likely to be the most abundant? .

2. What do all isotopes of an element have in common? ^ *Vl 4 fC

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3. Explain why carbon-14 and nitrogen-14 are not considered isotopes. *

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4. W r i t e the atomic symbol (symbol notation) f o r the two isotopes of uranium(U), whose atomic
number is 92. One isotope has 142 neutrons, and the other isotope has 146 neutrons.

5. Calculate the average atomic mass of the element iron(Fe) using the following data:
Isotope % abundance
Iron-54 6%
Iron-56 92%
Iron-57 ««. 2% .

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6. Calculate the average atomic mass of the element nitrogen(N) using the following data:
Isotope % abundance
Nitrogen-14 95%
Nitrogen-15 3%
. Nitrogen-16 2%

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7. Calculate the average atomic mass of the element lodine(I) using the following data:
Isotope % abundance
Iodine-127 80%
Iodine-126 17%
Iodine-128 3%

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 16
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\N 8. J Calculate the average atomic mass of the element Hydrogen(H) using the following data:
^-s Isotope % abundance
Hydrogen-1 99%
Hydrogen-2 0.8%
Hydrogen-3 0.2%

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9. A certain element exists as three different isotopes, 24.1% of all the isotopes have a mass of
75.23 amu, 48.7% have a mass of 74.61 amu, and 22.2% have a mass of 75.20 amu.
a. What is the average atomic mass of this element? O / H l f "

b. Use your periodic table to determine which element this is. 0 M f T"

10. An element exists as 4 different isotopes. 4.35% have a mass of 49.9461 amu, 83.797o have a
mass of 51.9405 amu, 9.50% have a mass of 52.9407 amu, and 2.36% have a mass of 53.9389 amu.
a. What is the average atomic mass of this element? r \ *A ' I

b. What is the identity of this element? £) M' L

© Calcium has three different isotopes. One has a mass of 35.00 amu; another has a mass of 41.00
amu; and another has a mass of 40.00 amu. Which isotope is the most abundant of the three?

\ 12\ Several isotopes of a certain atom "X" exist. 4.35% of all X atoms have a mass of 39.946 a i m
\ j 83.79% have a mass of 41.941 amu, 9.50% have a mass of 42.941 amu, and 2.36% have a mass of
43.939 amu. What is the average atomic mass of atom X?

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