m In EULAR¶S equation of motion two forces are in to

consideration :-
m Forces due to gravity.
m Forces due to pressure.
This equation is established by applying NEWTON¶S
2nd law of motion of fluid moving within a stream
tube .
Consider a stream line flow in which flow is taking
place in s direction as shown in fig.
figure

dy

ș ds
dy
W=ȡgdAds ș
STREAM LINE
dx
Consider a cylindrical element of cross section dA,
Length ds .The forces acting on the cylindrical element are :
þ j

 
 
 
 pdA at the

upstream and the downstream

 p

 p ds £dA
 s

face respectively . Then the net pressure force acting on

the fluid element in the direction of motion is:

pdA- (p+dp)dA=dpdA

þ —


     
if the fluid element
has a parimeter dP¶then shear force on the element is ;
 dFs = IJ dp ds
Where IJ is the frictional surface force per unit area
acting on the walls of the stream tube . The sum of
all the sharing forces is the measure of energy lost
due to friction .
m BODY FORCE such as the gravity acting in the
direction of gravitational field . If ȡ is the density of
fluid mass , then the body force =
ȡgdAds
Its component in the direction of motion is
= ȡgdAds sinș
=ȡgdAdy
dy
·
 ‰ 0
ds
The resultant force in the direction of motion must
equal the product of mass and acceleration in that
direction. That is
- dpdA ± ȡgdAdy ± IJdPds = ȡdAdSas
It may be recalled that the velocity of an elementary
fluid particle along a streamline is a function of
position and time,
u = f(s,t)

u u
du
ds dt
s t







V 

V V

 



V
In a steady flow ,


 
V

-dpdA-ȡgdAdy-IJdpds = ȡdA.u.du
Dividing by the fluid mass ȡdAds and rearranging


 











Which is a EULAR¶s equation of motion.
Here,
r du = measure of convective acceleration
u
d
r
dp = force per unit mass caused by
Îd
pressure distribution.

r
dy = force per unit mass resulting from
g
d
gravitational pull.

dp
r
= force per unit mass caused by
ÎdA

friction.
For ideal fluids, IJ = 0 and therefore eq. becomes as

««(2)

  `
‰ 
Î
this eq. is known as EULAR¶S equation of motion.

u
—j
j
 
 

 

X Bernoulli¶s eq. is obtained by integrating the Eular¶s eq

.of motion
 
A 
A Î
g A y 
R

Assuming , ȡ = const i.e. flow is incompressible,

We get,


)  


 
 ««(3)
 Î
Eq (3) is known as most useful equation for fluid
mechanics known as BERNOULLI¶S equation.
Dividing by equation (3) by g using relation w = ȡg,
We obtain

v



 
R
g Îg
This is the form of the BERNOULLI¶S eq.
commonly used by hydraulic engineers.the
quantities are called heads , thus

 velocity head
v
g
 ‰ Pressure head or static head

`
y = Potential head

—j
j
 —j

There are large application of Bernoulli¶s eq. some

of them are as follow :

—  

j
u 


Î
 
„
  

 „

ë

 
 



Ú
 

  
 



  



  







  

 


Ú
  
      

  

 

(a) Field velocity

of the flowing air
in a wing (b)
Field pressure
ë
 
 
 


 
 
 


 


ë


 



 

 
   

   
ë


  
 

     
   

   
 


   

  
   
 
 

   
   

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http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/Wright/airplane/incline.html
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r The dimples in the golf
ball help move air along
its surface
r The ball pushes the air
down
r Newton¶s Third Law
tells us the air must
push up on the ball
r The spinning ball
travels farther than if it
were not spinning
 Turbulence
shed in the wake of
a knuckle ball
In a household plumbing system, a vent is necessary to equalize the pressures at
points Ú and , thus preventing the trap from being emptied. An empty trap allows
sewer gas to enter the house.
The tarpaulin that covers the cargo is flat when the truck is stationary but
bulges outward when the truck is moving.
FLUID. Basic Equations of Fluid in Motion: 
     

Atomizer

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