CSP / Biomass

Hybridisation
An introduction to the
technologies

M A S E T T I FA B I O

Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto A.A. 2017/2018

 CSP /
Biomass
Hybridisation
An introduction to
the technologies

Masetti fabio
 SUMMARY
•Description of 3 renewable
technologies

•Prons & Cons

• Hybridisation

• conclusions

INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS

 Technologies

INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS

 Technologies

CSP Gasification Anaerobic

Digestion
INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS
 Technologies

CSP
Gasification Anaerobic
Digestion
INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS
 Technologies

CSP Gasification Anaerobic

Digestion
INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS
 Technologies

CSP Gasification Anaerobic

Digestion
INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS
 Technologies

CSP Gasification Anaerobic

Digestion
INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS
 Technologies

CSP Anaerobic
Gasification
Digestion

INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS

 Technologies

CSP Gasification Anaerobic

Digestion
INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS
 Concentrating Solar Power Technology

INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS

 Concentrating Solar Power Technology
Linear Collectors Punctual Collectors

Parabolic Linear Fresnel Solar Dishes Solar Power

Trough Reflectors Towers
Collectors

INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS

 Type Structure solar Heat media Energy Hybridisation
Concentrating solar power characteristics
trajectory
tracking
generation
system
mechanis commonly
m used
Parabolic Trough Parabolic Single axis Molten salt, Rankine cycle, Allowed, from
Collectors collectors, (E-W most diathermic oil, organic few kWe to
linear receivers used) Water/steam, air Rankine cycle several tens of
MWe
Linear Fresnel Flat mirror Single axis Molten salt, Steam turbine Allowed
Collectors collectors, (for each diathermic oil, cycle
single linear rows of Water/steam
receiver mirrors)
Solar Dishes Single dish- Double Heated gas Stirling cycle, Not allowed
shape collector, axis (H,He) Rankine, (not
Punctual rec. Brayton commercial)
Solar Power Tower Single punctual Double Molten salt, Rankine cycle, Allowed
receiver, single axis diathermic oil, Brayton cycle
punctual Water/steam,
receiver gas

INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS

Parabolic Trough Collector
 Parabolic Trough Collector

• Solar Field
• Solar receiver
• Power block

INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS

 Receiver and Efficiency

INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS

 Concentration Ratio & Solar Multiple

Concentration ratio:

Solar Multiple:

INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS

 Thermal Storage System

INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS

 Parabolic Trough Collector

• PROS CONS

• Can storage thermal energy  • Intermittence and instability

better than electric of solar energy
• Dispatchability • Need direct normal
• Wide range power of working radiation
• More expensive than PV
(incentives)
• Single axis tracking
mechanism

INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS

Biomass Energy
 Biomass

INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS

 Biomass

INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS

Gasification
 Gasification processes
CO + H2 + CH4 + CO2

PROCESSES OF GASIFICATION FUEL:

COMBUSTION: • Biomasses

• Drying OXIDISER:
• Pyrolysis • Air
• Combustion • Oxigen
• reduction • Steam

INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS

 Combustion technologies

INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS

 Main gasifier types

INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS

 Gasification

PROS CONS

• Low power system • Polluted exhausted gases &

• CHP ashes
• Production of medium-high • Frequent maintenance
Heating Value fuel needed
• Very flexible renewable energy
technology
• High level of adaptation, good for
Hybridisation

INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS

Anaerobic Digestion
of biomasses
 Anaerobic Digestion
CH4 + CO2

STAGES OF THE PRODUCTION RATE AND

PROCESS: EFFICIENCY:

• Hydrolysis • Temperature
• Acidogenesis • Hydraulic Retention Time
• Acetogenesis HRT
• Methanogenesis • pH Level
• Substrate solid content

INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS

 Anaerobic Digestion

Energy Function of the Digester:

mesophilic temperature regime (25–40 °C)

INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS

 Example of waste biogas plant

INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS

 Anaerobic Digestion

PROS CONS

• Reduction of Methane in • Needs a good supply

atmosphere • Low flexibility
• Perfect for the reuse of • Careful design of the plant
secondary products or waste and maintenance needed
• Good for Hybridisation • Ethical issues related to
some kind of biomasses

INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS

CSP-Biomass
Hybridisation
 Schema tipo PSC

INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS

 Hybridisation

• Asafsf
• Ssfsfsf
• Sdfsdfsf
• Sdfsdfsdfs
• Sdfsdfsdf
• Sdfsdfsdf

INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS

 Hybridisation

Pro:
• Cost reduction of the
• Deployment at smaller scale
investment compared to
• Backup boiler – plant steam
standalone CSP with TES
pre-heater
• decrease the investments
• allows constant access to
and Levelized Energy Cost
electricity
(LEC)
• increase power
dispatchability and system
stability

INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS

 Conclusions
• technically, legally, and economically
feasible
• innovative, flexible and capillary
technology that allows energy to be
distributed more efficiently.
• replacing nature gas with biogas 
improvement of the environmental
performance of the plant
• Increasing attractive option as the cost of
solar thermal falls and feedstock and land
prices continue to rise.
INTRODUCTION – CSP – GASIFICATION – ANAEROBIC DIGESTION – HYBRIDISATION – CONCLUSIONS
• studies about the design and
thermal performance of biogas
production systems in solar-biogas
hybrid power systems are scarce.
• necessity to investigate the
thermal performance
• operating characteristics should
also be investigated