Nama : Rosa Safitri

NIM : 151810301060

Kelas : Struktur Atom B

TUGAS STRUKTUR ATOM

1. The ground-state wavefunction for a particle confined to a one-dimensional box of length

L is
2 1/2 𝜋𝑥
𝜓 = ( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
𝐿 𝐿

Suppose the box is 10.0 nm long. Calculate the probability that the particle is (a) between
x = 4.95 nm and 5.05 nm, (b) between x = 1.95 nm and 2.05 nm, (c) between x = 9.90
nm and 10.00 nm, (d) in the right half of the box, (e) in the central third of the box.
Answer
a. Between x = 4.95 nm and 5.05 nm
Diketahui :
2 1/2 𝜋𝑥 x2= 5.05 nm
𝜓 = ( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) L= 10,0 nm
𝐿 𝐿
x1= 4,95 nm
Ditanya : Probability (P)...?
Dijawab Tanda * = dikali

𝑥2
P = ∫𝑥1 𝜓 ∗ 𝜓 𝑑𝑥

𝑥2 2 1/2 𝜋𝑥 2 1/2 𝜋𝑥 Cos2x=1-2sin2x

=∫𝑥1 (𝐿) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝐿 ) * (𝐿) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝐿 ) 𝑑𝑥
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥= 2
𝑥2 2 𝜋𝑥
= ∫𝑥1 (𝐿) 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ( 𝐿 ) 𝑑𝑥

2 𝑥2 𝜋𝑥
= (𝐿) ∫𝑥1 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ( 𝐿 ) 𝑑𝑥

𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜋𝑥
2 𝑥2 1−
= (𝐿) ∫𝑥1 ( 2 𝐿 ) 𝑑𝑥

cos 2𝜋𝑥
2 𝑥2 1 𝐿
= (𝐿) ∫𝑥1 (2 − ) 𝑑𝑥
2
 𝑥2
2 1 1 1 2𝜋𝑥
= (𝐿) ∗ (2 𝑥 − 2 ∗ 2𝜋 sin )
𝐿
𝐿 𝑥1

2 1 1 𝐿 2𝜋𝑥 𝑥2
= (𝐿) ∗ (2 𝑥 − 2 ∗ 2𝜋 sin )
𝐿 𝑥1

2 1 𝐿 2𝜋𝑥 𝑥2
= (𝐿) ∗ (2 𝑥 − 4𝜋 sin )
𝐿 𝑥1

𝑥 1 2𝜋𝑥 𝑥2
= (𝐿 − 2𝜋 sin )
𝐿 𝑥1

Probabilitas ketika x1= 4,95 nm dan x2 = 5,05 nm

𝑥 1 2𝜋𝑥 𝑥2
P = (𝐿 − 2𝜋 sin )
𝐿 𝑥1
𝑥 1 2𝜋𝑥 5,05
= (𝐿 − 2𝜋 sin )
𝐿 4,95
5,05 𝑛𝑚 1 2∗1800 ∗5,05 𝑛𝑚 4,95𝑛𝑚 1 2∗1800 ∗4,95
= (10,0 𝑛𝑚 − 2∗3,14 sin ) − (10,0 𝑛𝑚 − 2∗3,14 sin )
10,0 𝑛𝑚 10,0 𝑛𝑚
= (0,505 − 0,159 sin 181,8) − (0,495 − 0,159 sin 178,2)
= (0,505 + 0,00499) − (0,495 − 0,00499)
= 0,505 + 0,00499 – 0,495 +0,00499
= 0,01998
= 0,0200

b. probability between x = 1.95 nm and 2.05 nm

Diketahui :
x1= 1.95 nm x2=2.05 nm L = 10,0 nm
Ditanya : P.....?
Dijawab :
𝑥 1 2𝜋𝑥 𝑥2
P = (𝐿 − 2𝜋 sin )
𝐿 𝑥1
𝑥 1 2𝜋𝑥 2,05
= (𝐿 − 2𝜋 sin )
𝐿 1,95
2,05 𝑛𝑚 1 2∗1800 ∗2,05 𝑛𝑚 1,95𝑛𝑚 1 2∗1800 ∗1,95
= (10,0 𝑛𝑚 − 2∗3,14 sin ) − (10,0 𝑛𝑚 − 2∗3,14 sin )
10,0 𝑛𝑚 10,0 𝑛𝑚
= (0,205 − 0,159 sin 73,8) − (0,195 − 0,159 sin 70,2)
= (0,205 − 0,152) − (0,195 − 0,149)
= 0,205 −0,152 – 0,195 +0,149
= 0,007
c. Probability between x = 9.90 nm and 10.00 nm
Diketahui :
x1= 9,90 nm x2=10,00 nm L=10,0nm
Ditanya : P......?
Dijawab :
𝑥 1 2𝜋𝑥 𝑥2
P = (𝐿 − 2𝜋 sin )
𝐿 𝑥1
𝑥 1 2𝜋𝑥 10,00
= (𝐿 − 2𝜋 sin )
𝐿 9,90
10,00 𝑛𝑚 1 2∗1800 ∗10,00 𝑛𝑚 9,90𝑛𝑚 1 2∗1800 ∗9,90
= ( 10,0 𝑛𝑚 − 2∗3,14 sin ) − (10,0 𝑛𝑚 − 2∗3,14 sin )
10,0 𝑛𝑚 10,0 𝑛𝑚
= (1,00 − 0,159 sin 360) − (0,990 − 0,159 sin 356,4)
= (1,00 − 0) − (0,990 + 0,00993)
= 1,00 − 0 − 0,990 − 0,00993
= 0,00007

d. Probability in the right half of the box

Diketahui :
x1= 5,0 nm x2= 10 nm L= 10,0 nm
Ditanya : P.....?
Dijawab :
𝑥 1 2𝜋𝑥 𝑥2
P = (𝐿 − 2𝜋 sin )
𝐿 𝑥1
𝑥 1 2𝜋𝑥 10,00
= (𝐿 − 2𝜋 sin )
𝐿 5,0
10,00 𝑛𝑚 1 2∗1800 ∗10,00 𝑛𝑚 5,0𝑛𝑚 1 2∗1800 ∗5,0
= ( 10,0 𝑛𝑚 − 2∗3,14 sin ) − (10,0 𝑛𝑚 − 2∗3,14 sin )
10,0 𝑛𝑚 10,0 𝑛𝑚
= (1,00 − 0,159 sin 360) − (0,50 − 0,159 sin 180)
= (1,00 − 0) − (0,50 − 0)
= 1,00 − 0 − 0,50 + 0
= 0,50

e. Probability in the central third of the box.

Diketahui :
x1= 1/3L = 3,33 nm x2=2/3L= 6,67 nm L=10,0 nm
Ditanya : P......?
Dijawab :
𝑥 1 2𝜋𝑥 𝑥2
P = (𝐿 − 2𝜋 sin )
𝐿 𝑥1
𝑥 1 2𝜋𝑥 6,67
= (𝐿 − 2𝜋 sin )
𝐿 3,33
6,67 𝑛𝑚 1 2∗1800 ∗6,67 𝑛𝑚 3,33𝑛𝑚 1 2∗1800 ∗3,33
= (10,0 𝑛𝑚 − 2∗3,14 sin ) − (10,0 𝑛𝑚 − 2∗3,14 sin )
10,0 𝑛𝑚 10,0 𝑛𝑚
= (0,667 − 0,159 sin 240,12) − (0,333 − 0,159 sin 119,88)
= (0,667 + 0,137) − (0,333 − 0,137)
= 0,667 + 0,137 − 0,333 + 0,137
 = 0,608
= 0,61

2. The ground-state wavefunction of a hydrogen atom is

−𝑟 1/2
1
𝜓 = ( 3 ) 𝑒 𝑎0
𝜋𝑎0
Where a0=53 pm (the Bohr radius). (a) calculate the probability that the electron will be
found somewhere within a small sphere of radius 1,0 pm centered on the nucleus. (b)
now suppose that the same sphere is located at r=a0. What is the probability that the
electron is inside it ?
Answer
a. Probability that the electron will be found somewhere within a small sphere of radius 1,0
pm centered on the nucleus
Diketahui :
1/2 −𝑟
1
𝜓 = ( 3) 𝑒 𝑎0
𝜋𝑎0

r=0 a0=53 pm = 53 x 10-12 m

Ditanya : P.....?
Dijawab :
Peluang ∝ ∫𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝜓2 𝑑𝑣 ≈ 𝜓 2 𝑥 1,0 𝑝𝑚3
1 −𝑟
1 2
≈ ((𝜋𝑎3 ) 𝑒 𝑎0 ) 2 𝑥 1,0 𝑝𝑚3
0
−2𝑟
1
≈ (𝜋𝑎3 ) 𝑒 𝑎0 𝑥 1,0 𝑝𝑚3
0

Peluang pada r=0pm

−2𝑟
1
Peluang = (𝜋𝑎3 ) 𝑒 𝑎0 𝑥 1,0 𝑝𝑚3
0
−2𝑥0
1
= (3,14 𝑥 (53𝑝𝑚)3 ) 𝑒 53 𝑥 1,0 𝑝𝑚3
1
= 𝑥 1 𝑥 1,0 𝑝𝑚3
467473,78𝑝𝑚3
= 2,139 𝑥 10 𝑝𝑚3 𝑥 1,0 𝑝𝑚3
−6

b. Pada saat r= 𝑎0
−2𝑎0
1
Peluang = (𝜋𝑎3 ) 𝑒 𝑎0 𝑥 1,0 𝑝𝑚3
0
1
= (3,14 𝑥 (53𝑝𝑚)3 ) 𝑒 −2 𝑥 1,0 𝑝𝑚3
1
= 𝑥 0,135𝑥 1,0 𝑝𝑚3
467473,78𝑝𝑚3
= 0,288 𝑥 10 𝑝𝑚3 𝑥 1,0 𝑝𝑚3
−6

= 2,88 x 10-7 pm3 x 1,0 pm3

Jadi peluang dari elektron yaitu
𝑟 2,139 𝑥 10−6 𝑝𝑚3 𝑥 1,0 𝑝𝑚3
Peluang = 𝑟 0 = = 7,42 𝑥 1,0 𝑝𝑚3
𝑎0 2,88 x 10−7 pm3 x 1,0 pm3