It is recognized that all construction projects share common risks that can be classified as follows :

Construction
§ Changes in the work
§ Subsurface geological and geotechnical conditions
§ Site access
§ Level of detail design delivered by the owner
§ Late drawings and instructions
§ Availability of resources
§ Accidents (such as collision, fire and so on)
§ Damage to persons or property
§ Defective design
§ Cost of tests and samples
§ Actual quantities of work
§ Equipment Commissioning
§ Financial and economic
§ Inflation
§ Funding
Performance
§ Productivity of labour
§ Productivity of equipment
§ Suitability of materials
§ Defective work
§ Conduct hindering performance of the work
§ Labour Disputes
Security
§ Vandalism
§ Terrorism
§ Corruption
§ Assaults
§ Negligence
§ Intrusion
Contractual and legal
§ Delayed dispute resolution
§ Delayed payment on contracts and extras
§ Change order negotiation
§ Insolvency of contractor or a subcontractor
Physical
§ Subsurface geology geotechnical conditions
§ Conditions
§ Subsurface conditions and ground water
§ Topography
§ Natural catastrophes
Political and societal
§ Soil availability for construction
§ Environmental pressures
§ Regulations (safety or labour laws)
§ Public disorder
§ Strike
Technical risks
 Design Process
 Owner involvement in design
 Inadequate and incomplete design
 Change in seismic criteria
 Errors or in completion of structural / geotechnical / foundation
 Wrong selection of materials
 Take off data (traffic demand, water consumption demand, etc.)
 Need for design exceptions
Construction risks
 Inaccurate contract time estimates
 Construction procedures
 Construction occupational safety
 Work permissions
 Utilities
 Late surveys, incomplete or wrong
 Delayed deliveries and disruptions
 Worker and site safety
 Innovative projects
 Unsuitable equipment and materials
 Environmental risks (such as projects close to a wild river, floodplain, coastal zone, high sensitivity
for palaeontology area, and so on)
Environmental factors
 Environmental analysis incomplete or wrong
 Offsite and onsite wetlands
 Hazardous waste preliminary site investigation wrong
 Lack of specialised staff (biology, anthropology archaeology etc)
 § Inaccurate assumptions on technical issues in the planning stage
 § Fact sheet requirements (exception to standards)
External risks
 Contractual relations
 Landowners unwilling to sell
 Priorities change on existing program
 Funding changes for fiscal year
 Stakeholders request late changes
 New stakeholders
 Additional needs requested by stakeholders
 New information required for permits
 Inconsistent costs, time, scope, and quality objectives
 Permits and licences
Force majeure factors
 Political factors change (political interference)
 Political climate
 Economic instability
 Market conditions
 Exchange rate fluctuation
 Public safety regulation
Social factors
 Local communities pose objections
Environmental factors
 Environmental regulations change (for example in water quality)
 Water quality issues
 New information required for permits
 Environmental impact statement required
 Historic site, endangered species, or wetlands present
 Pressure to compress the environmental schedule
Organisational risks
 § Inexperienced staff assigned
 § Losing critical staff at crucial point of the project
 § Insufficient time to plan
 § Unanticipated project manager workload
 § Not enough time to plan
 § Priorities change on existing program
 § Inconsistent cost, time, scope, and quality objectives
Project Management Risks
 § Project purpose definition, needs, objectives, costs, deliverables are poorly defined or understood
 § No control over staff priorities
 § Too many projects
 § Consultant or contractor delays
 § Estimate and/or scheduling errors
 § Communication breakdown with project team
 § Lack of coordination/communication
 § Inexperienced workforce/inadequate staff / resource availability