COURSE OUTLINE

ADVANCED STRUCTURAL MECHANICS

By
Dr. Ather Ali
ADVANCED STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
Course code : CE-801
Credit Hrs:
Theory = 3
Total = 3
Contact hrs = 48
 COURSE OUTLINE
• Indicial Notation and Cartesian Tensors
• Motion of a Continuous Body (Kinematics)
• Stress Tensors
• Introduction to the Stress – Strain Relationship
• Solution of Problems in 2D Elasticity
• Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics
• One Dimensional Rate-Independent Plasticity and
Visco-plasticity
 RECOMMENDED BOOKS
• BORES I “Advance Structural Mechanics” Sixth Edition (2002)
• Y. C. Fung and Pin Tong, (2001): Classical and Computational Solid
Mechanics, World Scientific Publishing Company, Singapore
• S. Timoshenko, and J. N. Goodier, (1987): Theory of Elasticity, 3rd
Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.
• George E. Mase (1970): Schaum’s Outlines: Continuum Mechanics,
Mc-Graw-Hill, New York.
• Pisidhi Karsudhi (1990) Foundations of Solid Mechanics, Kluwer
Academic Publishers
• T. J. Lardner and R. R. Archer (1994): Mechanics of Solids: An
Introduction, McGraw-Hill International Editions, Singapore
 SCALARS
• A SCALAR is a physical quantity that it
represented by a dimensional number at a
particular point in space and time.
– Some examples of scalar quantities include speed,
distance, volume, mass, temperature, power,
energy, and time.
 VECTORS
• A VECTOR is a bookkeeping tool to keep track
of two pieces of information (typically
magnitude and direction) for a physical
quantity.
– Some examples of vector quantities include
velocity, displacement, acceleration, force.
 TENSORS
• A TENSOR is used to keep track of three pieces
of information for a given physical quantity.
– For stress, we keep track of a magnitude, direction
and which plane the component acts on.
 TENSORS
• The stress tensor is always symmetric σij = σji
• Thus there are only six independent
components of the stress tensor.
TENSORS
 INDICIAL NOTATIONS
• Compact way of writing systems of equations.
• Replacement for longhand writing of
equations or matrix representation.
• Matrix is more valuable for representing the
storage of values in the system, but for writing
equations in a compact form, and especially
for higher order tensors, indicial notation is
superior.
 FREE INDEX

=
where i is a free index which can take on values 1, 2 or 3, or perhaps x, y or z
 DUMMY INDICES
• An index which does not appear in an equation after
a summation is carried out is called a dummy index.
• Index does not appear in the final result, we can
change its name to whatever is convenient.
VECTOR OPERATIONS
 HEAD-TO-TAIL OR PARALLELOGRAM
RULE
• Used for addition and subtraction.
• A vector can be added to another vector, but a
vector and a scalar.
 VECTOR MULTIPLICATION
• Vector to Scalar
– We can multiply a vector (v) by a scalar (a) to get a
vector av having the same direction but a length
equal to the original length || v || multiplied by a.
– If the scalar a has a negative value, then the sense
of the vector is reversed (i.e., it puts the arrow
head on the other end).
 VECTOR MULTIPLICATION
• Vector to Vector
– The dot product
– The cross product
– The triple scalar product
 VECTOR MULTIPLICATION
• The dot product (scalar product)
– The dot product is a scalar value
– Denoted by u • v
 VECTOR MULTIPLICATION
• The dot product (scalar product)
– The dot product is commutative, u • v = v • u
– Satisfies the distributive law.

– The dot product can be computed from the

components of the vectors
 VECTOR MULTIPLICATION
• The cross product (vector product)
– Product is a vector (u x v) which is orthogonal to both u
and v
– The length of u x v is defined as being equal to the area of
a parallelogram, two sides of which are described by the
vectors u and v

– Direction of resultant vector defined by right hand rule.

 VECTOR MULTIPLICATION
• The cross product (vector product)

– The cross product is not commutative, but it

satisfies the condition of skew symmetry

– The cross product is distributive

 VECTOR MULTIPLICATION
• The cross product (vector product)
– The component form of the cross product of
vectors u and v
 VECTOR MULTIPLICATION
• The triple scalar product
– Product of three vectors u, v, and w is denoted as
(u x v) • w
TENSOR OPERATIONS
 THE EINSTEIN SUMMATION
CONVENTION
• If an index is repeated in a product of vectors or
tensors, summation is implied over the repeated
index.
– Repeated indices are implicitly summed over.
– Each index can appear at most twice in any term.
– Each term must contain identical non-repeated indices
KRONECKER DELTA
KRONECKER DELTA
KRONECKER DELTA MULTIPLICATION
KRONECKER DELTA MULTIPLICATION
 PERMUTATION OPERATOR
• The permutation symbol is also known as the
Levi-Civita operator
KRONECKER-PERMUTATION
RELATIONSHIP
Example