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Advanced Engineering and Applied Sciences: An International Journal

Universal Research Publications. All rights reserved

ISSN 2320–3927
Original Article
Design of Smart Power Controlling and Saving System in Auditorium by using
MCS 51 Microcontrollers
2
Sunil Kumar.Matangi1, Sateesh.Prathapani
1
Asst.Professor - Nishitha College of Engineering &Technology
2
Research Scholar - University of Hyderabad
Received 16 January 2013; accepted 28 January 2013
Abstract
The main aim of this paper is to design and employ of power saving in general public places like auditoriums, shopping
malls and theatres etc. Generally an Auditorium consists of so many number of electrical and electronic devices or
equipments. To control and monitor all these equipments or appliances we need a person or controlling system. In this
paper we are presenting the working of smart power controlling and saving in auditoriums, shopping malls, theatres etc.,
by using an electronic circuit in an easy way without having human being. This paper describes the complete working of
electrical and electronic devices with automatic control and also power saving in theatres, shopping malls and auditoriums.
To implement this we have used MCS 51 family microcontroller, IRsensors/LDR (Light Dependent Resister), 16X2 LCD
(Liquid Crystal Display). MCS 51 family Microcontroller is used to control the total operation. The MCS 51 family micro-
controllers are famous for these types of projects.
© 2013 Universal Research Publications. All rights reserved
Keywords-components MCS 51 Family Microcontroller (AT89S52), Ultrasonic sensors/IR sensors, LDR, LCD display,
ULN driver, relay and AC/DC loads.
Introduction Functional Diagram of the concept
Today power/current is a most valuable thing in the world.
So we have to save the power to give for our next
generation. Automatic controlling systems are preferred
over manual controlling. The design of power controlling
and saving project can handle controlling of electrical and
electronic devices, appliances etc. Through this project we
are tried to show a smart way to control the power
consumption and power saving in Auditoriums, Shopping
malls and Theatres etc. Now in all cities/areas we have
shopping malls, theatres and auditoriums. In this
monitoring and controlling the appliances becomes very Fig.1
typical to human being. If less number of persons enters in 1. Power supply unit
the auditorium then no need to switch on all the devices in 2. IR/LDR sensors (enter&exit)
that. If they on it is waste of power. If maximum persons 3. Microcontroller Unit
are in that we need to ON all the devices without fail. This 4. Relay driver circuit/ULN driver
is too hard to maintain properly and manually. If suddenly 5. LCD
any problem arise, it is very difficult to find out. To 6. Loads
overcome these types of problems we are developed a type of integrated circuit is a complete computer on a chip,
system that can maintain all these ricks. This paper covers containing all the elements of the basic microprocessor
the features of capacity of monitor, hardware description, along with other specialized functions like serial
the use of different types of sensors. communication, interrupts, timing circuit ROM (data
Technology memory), RAM (program memory). Basically a
The technology behind this project is microcontroller. It is microcontroller is a computing device, and is a single
the bedrock of the system. The microcontroller a different integrated circuit (“silicon chip” or IC) used to form part of
Advanced Engineering and Applied Sciences: An International Journal 2013; 3(1): 5-9
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a product that incorporates some software program control. but when they are illuminated with light resistance drops
As a microcontroller is basically part of a computing dramatically.
system it can be used in applications requiring control,
operator and user display generation, simple sequencing
and many other mundane tasks.
Main blocks of the functional diagram
Power supply unit

Fig.4
Fig.2
Microcontroller
The Intel MCS-51 generally called as 8051 is Harvard
architecture, single chip microcontroller which was
developed by Intel in 1980. Intel‟s original MCS-51 family
was developed by using NMOS technology, but later
versions were CMOS technology. CMOS chips consume
less power than NMOS chips.
The important features of MCS-51 family microcontrollers:
Fig.3 1. Central Processing Unit
In this circuit we have used a step down transformer which 2. Random Access Memory
can convert from 240V to 12V ac-ac.the output of this is 3. Read Only Memory
connected to full wave/bridge rectifier (four 1N4007 4. I/O Ports
diodes) which converts form ac voltage to dc voltage with 5. Interrupt pins
ripples (ac component). Further it is connected to capacitor 6. Timers
acts as filter to filter the ripples. And here we connected a 7. Counters
voltage regulator 12-5v LM7805, then it is applied to 8. Serial controls pins (UART)
capacitor and then LED to indicate the power. ATMEL Microcontroller: AT89S52
IRsensor LED/LDR The AT89S52 is a 40 pin, 24MHz, low-power, high-
An infrared sensor LED is an electronic device that emits performance CMOS 8-bit micro-controller.
or detects infrared radiation to sense aspects of its Features
surroundings.TSAL6200 is a high efficiency infrared • Compatible with MCS®-51 Products
emitting diode in GaAlAs on GaAs technology, molded in • 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP)
clear, bluegrey tinted plastic packages. In comparison with • 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
the standard GaAs on GaAs technology these emitters • Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
achieve more than 100 % radiant power improvement at a • Three-level Program Memory Lock
similar wavelength. The forward voltages at low current • 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
and at high pulse current roughly correspond to the low • 32 Programmable I/O Lines
values of the standard technology. Therefore these emitters • Three 16-bit Timer/Counters
are ideally suitable as high performance replacements of • Eight Interrupt Sources
standard emitters. The features and operation circuit of IR – • Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
TX and IR – RX is shown if fig.4 • Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes
Extra high radiant power and radiant intensity • Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode
High reliability • Watchdog Timer
Low forward voltage • Dual Data Pointer
• Power-off Flag
Suitable for high pulse current operation
• Fast Programming Time
Standard T-1¾ (∅ 5 mm) package
• Flexible ISP Programming (Byte and Page Mode)
Angle of half intensity ϕ = ± 17° Pin description of AT89S52
Peak wavelength λp = 940 nm VCC: Supply voltage
Instead of IR sensor we can use LDR as a sensor. LDR1s or GND: ground
Light Dependent Resistors are very useful especially in Port 0: Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional I/O port.
light/dark sensor circuits. Normally the resistance of an As an output port, each pin can sink eight TTL inputs.
LDR is very high, sometimes as high as 1000 000 ohms, When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as
Advanced Engineering and Applied Sciences: An International Journal 2013; 3(1): 5-9
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high-impedance inputs. Port 0 can also be configured to be
the multiplexed low-order address/data bus during accesses
to external program and data memory. In this mode, P0 has
internal pull-ups.
Port 1: Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal
pull-ups. The Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four
TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins, they are
pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as
inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally being
pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal
pull-ups. In addition, P1.0 and P1.1 can be configured to be
the timer/counter 2 external count input (P1.0/T2) and the
timer/counter 2 trigger input (P1.1/T2EX), respectively, as
shown in the following table.
Port 2: Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal
pull-ups. The Port 2 output buffers can sink/source four
TTL inputs.
Port 3: Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal
pull-ups. The Port 3 output buffers can sink/source four
TTL inputs.
Fig.5
ALE/PROG: Address Latch Enable
RST: Reset pin
PSEN: Program Store Enable
EA/VPP: External Access Enable
XTAL1: Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and
input to the internal clock operating circuit.
XTAL 2: Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.
Memory organization
MCS-51 devices have a separate address space for Program
and Data Memory. Up to 64K bytes each of external
Program and Data Memory can be addressed.
Program Memory: If the EA pin is connected to GND, all
program fetches are directed to external memory. On the
AT89S52, if EA is connected to VCC, program fetches to
addresses 0000H through 1FFFH are directed to internal
memory and fetches to addresses 2000H through FFFFH
are to external memory.
Data Memory: The AT89S52 implements 256 bytes of on-
chip RAM. The upper 128 bytes occupy a parallel address
space to the Special Function Registers. This means that the
upper 128 bytes have the same addresses as the SFR space
but are physically separate from SFR space. Instructions
that use indirect addressing access the upper 128 bytes of
RAM. For example, the following indirect addressing
instruction, where R0 contains 0A0H, accesses the data
byte at address 0A0H, rather than P2 (whose address is
0A0H).
Advanced Engineering and Applied Sciences: An International Journal 2013; 3(1): 5-9
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Interrupts
The AT89S52 has a total of six interrupt vectors: two
external interrupts (INT0 and INT1), three timer interrupts
(Timers 0, 1, and 2), and the serial port interrupt. The main
circuit diagram or schematic of this paper is shown in
figure 6.
Fig.6
Circuit Operation
The two IR sensors/LDRs are directly connected to the
microcontroller pin P0.0 and P0.1. The output of the two
sensors are applied as a high pulse and low pulse. These
high and low pulses are considered as „set – 1‟ and „reset –
0 ‟. And this conditions are checked by the microcontroller
as per the written code/dumped code in it. The
code/program is written in assembly language. The
“ENTRENCE” IR sensor reads/counts the no. of persons
enters into the auditorium/shopping mall/theatre. Then
lights, fans, other electronic and electrical appliances are
switched ON automatically, as per the count given in the
program/code. In this project we illustrated the concept
with one „ac‟ bulb and two „dc‟ fans. If less no. of persons
are enters in auditorium, only one device should goes ON.
If the no. of persons are entering into auditorium is
increased then automatically the remaining all devices goes
ON. In the same way the “EXIT” IR sensor sense/counts
the no. of persons leaving from the auditorium. If one by
one leaves from auditorium then automatically the devices
(fan, light.etc.) in that goes OFF one by one.
If no person in auditorium then all the devices should
becomes OFF. This is done by microcontroller switching
without having any human interference. So using this
electronic circuit we can reduce 99% human efforts in
controlling the all appliances in auditorium. While doing
this operation the circuit is able to display the no. of
persons in auditorium on the 16x2 LCD display. If the
auditorium does not have any person then it displays
“AUDITORIUM empty”. If any person enter in to
auditorium it is sensed by “ENTRENCE IR Sensor” and
displays the no. of persons are in auditorium. If the
auditorium is full then LCD display shows the message
“AUDITORIUM full”. So by implementing this concept
we can control the wastage of the power in such type of
areas.
Software
Keil was founded in 1982 by Günter and Reinhard Keil,
initially as a German GbR. In April 1985 the company was
converted to Keil Elektronik GmbH to market add-on
” software is shown in figure.7
Fig.7
Results and discussions
The concept of power saving through this paper will help
us to implement real time applications and industrial. We
implemented and observed the results of this project for
120 people capable room, and consume maximum 35 Watt
power. The experimental chart is shown in figure.8
Fig.8
Advanced Engineering and Applied Sciences: An International Journal 2013; 3(1): 5-9
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products for the development tools provided by many of
the silicon vendors. Keil implemented the first C compiler
designed from the ground-up specifically for the 8051
microcontroller. Software used for this concept is “Keil
µversion”. Keil compiler is software used where the
machine language code is written and compiled. After
compilation, the machine source code is converted into hex
code which is to be dumped into the microcontroller for
further processing. Keil compiler also supports ASM
language code, C language code, Object code file. The
graphical window of “Keil
Conclusion
In this paper we have developed a real time model that can
control and monitor the complete status of all appliances of
any place like auditorium, shopping mall, theatre, school,
college, bus stand etc automatically without having human
interference. So that there is a chance to reduce the power
wastage and human efforts. An automated auditorium can
be a very simple grouping of controls, or it can be heavily
automated where any appliance that is plugged in to
electrical power supply is remotely controlled. It monitors
the entrance and exit s of the auditorium so that we need
not to check manually. This system has a lot of advantages
such as simple structure, small size, low power
consumption, low cost and stable.
References
1. Muhammad Ali Mazidi,Janice Gillispie Mazidi “The
8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems Using
Assembly and C-2nd-ed”
2. Oliver Gassmann “Sensors Applications volume-2”
3. http://www.atmel.com/Images/doc1919.pdf.
4. Inderpreet Kaur “Microcontroller Based Home
Automation System With Security” IJACSA Vol. 1,
No. 6, December 2010
5. http://www.industrologic.com/MCS51FamilyUsersGui
de.pdf.
6. Nhivekar G.S. and Mudholkar R.R “Microcontroller
Based IR Remote Control Signal Decoder for Home
Application” AASR 2011, 2(4):410-416
7. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relay
8. “Home automation costs”. Totalavcontrol.co.uk.
Retrieved 18-02-2010
9. Infrared sensors: detectors, electronics, and signal
processing: 24-26 July 1991, San Diego, California T.
S. Jayadev.
10. Zhihong Qian “Recent Advances in Computer Science
and Information Engineering, Volume 4”
11. “Practical Aspects of Embedded System Design Using
Microcontrollers” By Jivan S. Parab
12. Exploring C for Microcontrollers: A Hands on
Approach By Jivan S. Parab.
13. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=mk9FCZHB5jwC
&pg=PA18&dq=at89s52+books&hl=en&sa=X&ei=N
cH2UJvYM4bwrQfBzoGAAg&ved=0CDwQ6AEwA
Q#v=onepage&q=at89s52%20books&f=false
14. www.ita.wat.edu.pl/~k.murawski/PA/.../keiltutorial.pdf
15. www.MicroDigitalEd.com

Source of support: Nil; Conflict of interest: None declared

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