Serial : T_EE_Power Electronics_100717_LS2

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CLASS TEST ELECTRICAL

2017-18 ENGINEERING

Subject : Power Electronics

Date of test : 10/07/2017

Answer Key

1. (b) 7. (b) 13. (b) 19. (a) 25. (b)

2. (b) 8. (d) 14. (d) 20. (b) 26. (a)

3. (a) 9. (a) 15. (b) 21. (c) 27. (c)

4. (b) 10. (b) 16. (d) 22. (d) 28. (b)

5. (b) 11. (b) 17. (c) 23. (d) 29. (d)

6. (a) 12. (c) 18. (c) 24. (c) 30. (c)

 CTEE17 • Power Electronics 7

Detailed Explanations

1. (b)

Ia

3-φ R
3-φ
semi
supply
converter
L V0

+
Eb
–

V0 = I0R + Eb
If I0 is droped to zero then,
V0 = Eb
When I0 drops to zero, at that instance of time, voltage assumes a value equal to the instantaneous value
of the motor back emf.

2. (b) T

100 mA

Ι =
Vs
R
(
1 − e −t / τ ) +
R 20 Ω

200 V
–
or, I = IL =
200
20
(
1 − e −t /0.01 ) L 0.2 H

⇒ 100 × 10–3 =
200
20
(
1 − e −t /0.01 )
 L 0.2 
Q τ = R = 20 = 0.01 s 
 
or, e–t/0.01 = 1 – 0.01
or, e–t/0.01 = 0.99
or, t = – ln (0.99) × 0.01
or, t = 1.0050 × 10–4 s
or, t = 100.5 µs
4. (b)
As in the output the even and 3rd and multiple of 3rd harmonics are absent so, lowest order harmonics is
5th harmonics.
So, frequency of 5th harmonics
= 5 × fundamental frequency
= 5 × 60 = 300 Hz
5. (b)
During overlapping period, number of conducting Thyristors are:
for 1 – φ → 4 Thyristors
for 3 – φ → 3 Thyristors

6. (a)
Effective on period of a voltage commutated chopper is

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 8 Electrical Engineering

2Vs −6  2 × 220 
′ = Ton +
Ton C = (800 × 10 ) +  × 50 × 10 −6 
I0  80 

′ = 1.075 × 10–3 s.
Ton

7. (b)
The output waveform of line voltage is

V0, Line

Vs

π
ωt
2π
2π
3
–Vs

2π
3  1   2π  2
V0,rms,line = 1 = Vs     = Vs
π ∫ Vs2d ωt  π  3  3
0

V0,rms,line = 440 2 = 359.25 V

3

8. (d)
AC input current waveform is not smooth in single-phase diode rectifier with capacitive filter. Presence of
an inductor makes the current waveform smoother.

10. (b)

 di  V 230 2
  = m = = 16.26 A/µ sec
dt max L 20 µH

11. (b)

I = constant
LS load current
T1 T3

L
VS O
A
D

T4 T2

The dc load current, is given by

Vm
I0 =
ωLs
[cos α − cos(α + µ)]
Let µ1 be the overlap angle for firing angle α1 , then

Vm V
I0 = [cos α − cos(α + µ)] = m [cos α1 − cos(α1 + µ1)]
ωLs ωLs

or, cos α – cos (α + µ) = cos α1 – cos (α1 + µ1)

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 CTEE17 • Power Electronics 9

or, cos 0 – cos (15°) = cos 30° – cos (30° + µ1)

or, 0.0341 = 0.866 – cos (30° + µ1)
or, cos (30° + µ1) = 0.8319
or, 30° + µ1 = 33.7°
or, µ1 = 3.7°

12. (c)

T1 T3 T5 R = 10 Ω
3-φ
Large
400 V
Inductor
50 Hz +
350 V
T6 T4 T2 –

For firing advance angle of 60°, α = 180° – 60° = 120°

3VmL
Average output voltage, V0 = cos α
π
3 2 400
∴ V0 = cos(120)°
π
or, V0 = –270.09 V
As V0 is negative, this converter is operating as line-commutated inverter. The polarity of load Emf E must
be reversed.
Now, V0 = –E + I0R
or, –270.09 = –350 + I0(10)
∴ Load current, I0 = 7.991 A
Rms value of load current, I0,rms = I0 = 7.991 A
Power delivered by the battery to the ac source through the line commutated inverter is:
P0 = V0I0 = –270.09 × 7.991
P0 = –2158.289 W
; P0 = –2158 W
Negative sign indicates that the power is delivered from load to source.

13. (b)
During on period of switch, the circuit behaves as

di +
∴ VS = VL = L +
dt Vs VL
–
–
∆I
or, VS = L
dt
or, VS (Ton) = L ∆I
D
...(i)
During off period, the circuit behaves as shown below,
∴ – VL + V0 = 0 –
–
VL V0
di
or, V0 = VL = L + +
dt
or, V0(Toff) = L ∆I ...(ii)

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 10 Electrical Engineering

Equating both the equations.

Ton
V0 = Vs
Toff

T 
Vs  on 
 T 
V0 =
 T − Ton 
 T 

α 
or, V0 = Vs 
 1 − α 
∴ When α < 0.5 the circuit operates as a step down chopper. In case α > 0.5, this circuit operates as
stepup chopper.

14. (d)
RMS value of fundamental component of load voltage

4Vs
= Von =
nπ 2

4Vs 4 × 230
∴ V01 = = = 207.1 V
π 2 π 2
RMS value of fundamental current,
V01
I01 =
Z1

 2  1  
2

Now, Zn = R +  nωL −  
 nωC  


 2  1  
2

∴ Z1 = R +  ωL −  
  ωC  

or, Z1 = 12 + (6 − 7)2
or, Z1 = 2Ω
207.1
∴ I01 = A
2
 1 
nωL −
nωC 
Phase angle, φn = tan−1  degree
R

−1 (6 − 7)
∴ φ1 = tan = −45°
1
∴ The fundamental component of current i01 as function of time is
i01 = 2 I 01sin(ωt − φ1)
or, i01 = 207.1 sin (ωt + 45°) A

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 CTEE17 • Power Electronics 11

15. (b)

CH 1Ω
+
220 V FD 5 mH
–
+
24 V
–

The limit of continuous current conduction is reached at duty cycle,

δ′ =
Ta 
(
ln 1 + m eT /Ta − 1 
T   )
E
Here, m = V
s

L 5 × 10−3
Ta = = = 5 × 10−3s.
R 1
24
Also, m = = 0.11
220
  2000 × 10−6 
 5 × 10−3    
∴ δ′ =   ln 1+ 0.11 e
5 × 10−3
− 1  = 2.5 ln(1.0541)
 2000 × 10−6   
   
δ′ = 0.13
If duty cycle is less than this value, then load current will be discontinuous.

16. (d)
Fourier analysis of line voltage is,
∞
3Vs  π
Vab = ∑ sin n  ωt + 
 3
n = 6K ±1 n π

3Vs  π
VL–L(fundamental) = sin  ωt + 
π  3

3Vs
Vrms = = 0.6752 Vs = 0.6752 × 180 = 121.543 V
2π
17. (c)
CH Ia = 100 A
Back emf at 2100 rpm is Eb = Vt – IaRa
= 220 – 100 × 0.1 δ = 0.4

= 210 V 0.1 Ω
+
210 250 V
Back emf constant = = 0.1 V/rpm – 5 mH
2100
duty ratio = 0.4 Eb
⇒ V applied is = 250 × 0.4 = 100 V If
As torque is same N + Vf –
⇒ Ia = constant
⇒ Back emf = 100 – 100 × 0.1 = 90 V
90
∴ speed = = 900 rpm
0.1
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 12 Electrical Engineering

18. (c)
α = common base current gain
ICBO = common base leakage current
IC = αI E + ICBO
IC1 = α1Ia + ICBO1
I C2 = α 2 I K + ICBO 2
Ia = IC1 + IC2
Ia = α 1 I a + ICBO1 + α 2 I K + ICBO2
In the above equation substituting,
IK = Ig + Ia
Ia = α1Ia + ICBO1 + α2 (Ig + Ia) + ICBO 2

α 2Ig + ICBO1 + ICBO 2

Ia =
1 − ( α1 + α 2 )

19. (a)
VS
Without free wheeling diode (FD):
ωt
π 2π
2Vm
Vo = cos α
π V0 output voltage without freewheeling diode

2 × 220 2 (2π + α)
= cos25° α
ωt
π π (π + α) 2π
= 179.51 V output voltage with freewheeling diode
V0
With FD:
Vm
Vo =
π
(1 + cos α ) α π (π + α) 2π
ωt

220 2
=
π
(1+ cos25°) = 188.79 V
The difference in the output voltage is,
∆Vo = 188.79 – 179.51 = 9.28 V
20. (b)
Equation of the straight line = y = mx + c
 60 
i =  v + c
 1.1
Now, Current i = 0 A at v = 1.0 Volt
−60
∴ c =
1.1
∴ The equation becomes
60 60
i = v−
1.1 1.1

v =  1.1i + 1
 60 
The mean power loss will be half the instantaneous power loss over the half cycle when the current is
flowing.
  1.1 
39.6 1 +   39.6 
VI   60   = 34.17 W
Mean power (for i = 39.6 A) = =
2 2

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 CTEE17 • Power Electronics 13

21. (c)
A
Applying KVL in the loop:
–VGS + IgRg + Vg = 0
Rg Ig
VGS = Rg Ig + Vg
G
VGS = Rg Ig + (1.5 + 8 Ig) +
+
12 = (Rg + 8)Ig + 1.5 ...(i)
Vg
Peak power loss in the gate VGS
–
= Vg Ig = 5 W (Given) – K
5 = (1.5 + 8 Ig)Ig
8 Ig2 + 1.5Ig – 5 = 0

−b ± b2 − 4ac −1.5 ± (1.5)2 − 4 × 8 × (−5)

Ig = =
2a 16
Ig = 0.7 A (Neglecting Ig = –0.889 A)
Substituting the value of Ig in equation (i),
12 = (Rg + 8) 0.7 + 1.5
Rg = 7 Ω

22. (d)
The source current for a 3-phase full converter is given by
∞
4I0 nπ
is(t ) = ∑ sin sin (nωt − n α )
n =1,3,5 n π 3

rms value of fundamental current,

 4 I0 π
 π sin 3  6
Is1 = = I
2 π 0

rms value of source current,

2
Is = I 0
3
6
I I0
current distortion factor = s1 = π = 0.955
Is 2
I0
3

23. (d)
Let, V1 = Output of buck converter = Input of boost converter
V1 = 10 D1
V1
Output of boost converter = 30 V =
1 − D2

10 D1
30 =
1 − D2
or 3 – 3 D2 = D1
or D1 + 3 D2 = 3

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 14 Electrical Engineering

24. (c)
For proper turn on IA ≥ IL
1 V
IA =
L ∫ V dt +
R
V V
IA = t+
L R
V V
or t+ ≥ 5 × 10–3
L R
50 50
or × 5 × 10 −6 + ≥ 5 × 10–3
L 50 × 103

250 × 10−6
or ≥ 4 × 10–3
L
250 × 10 −6
or L ≤
4 × 10 −3
or L ≤ 0.0625 H
L = 0.0625 H

25. (b)
For proper commutation the circuit should be under damped.
2
1 R
−
LC  2L
> 0

4L
or R <
C

4 × 20 × 10 −6
R <
50 × 10 −6
R < 1.26 Ω
Option (b) is the only value which is less than 1.26 Ω
∴ RL = 1 Ω

26. (a)

io +

Va D1 D3 D5
ia
L
ib o V0
Vc Vb a
d

D4 D6 D2
ic –

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 CTEE17 • Power Electronics 15

vs
va vb vc va

Vm

0 ωt
60° 90° 120° 180° 360°

VA = Vm sinωt
Phase A will get maximum voltage at ωt = 90°. At this instant
V0 = VA – VB
V0 = Vm sinωt – Vm sin(ωt – 120°)
= Vm – Vm sin(–30°) [∵ ωt = 90°]
V0 = 1.5 Vm

27. (c)
P = Vs Is p.f.
5 × 103 = 220 × Is × 1
Is = 22.72 A
Is
I X δ
tan δ = s s
Vs
Is Xs
VC1

−1  Is Xs 
δ = tan 
 Vs 


−1 22.72 × 2 π × 50 × 5 × 10
−3 
δ = tan  
 220 

δ = 9.21°

28. (b)
Vr = 4 V
Vc = 6 V
Total pulse width = 2d

2d  Vr  π
= 1 − V  N
N  c
(Where N is number of pulses per half cycle)
 Vr 
2d =  1 − V  π
C

4
2d =  1 −  180° = 60°
 6

29. (d)
The amplitude of nth harmonic of the two pulse waveform is

8Vs nd
Vm = sin n γ .sin
nπ 2

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 16 Electrical Engineering

Peak value of fundamental voltage component

8VS d
V1 = ⋅ sin ⋅ sin γ
π 2
VS = 300 V, N = 2 , γ = 56°
π − 2d d
γ = +
N +1 N
(we known)
 π  π − 2d d
  56° = +
180  3 2
or d = 24°
Hence
8 × 300 24°
V1 = ⋅ sin ⋅ sin56° = 131.67 V
π 2

30. (c)
To obtain the average value of the periodic waveform,
Area under the curve
Iaverage =
Total time period

1  1 
 × 5 × 10 + (10 × 10) +  × 5 × 10
2 2
=
30
Iavg = 5 A

„„„„

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