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Mass Media Law

Cyris Ann A. Ng-Santiago, A.B., J.D.

 Successos Felices (Fortunate Events)

 1637
 First Philippine Newsletter
(community newspaper), for
colonizers.
 News about other parts of the
country.
 Launched by Tomas Pinpin, “The
Father of Filipino Printing”

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 1799 - Hojas Volantes or "flying
sheets" | Aviso Al Publico (Notices to
the Public)
 August 8, 1811 - Del Superior
Govierno - first actual newspaper.
launched by Gov. Fernandez del
Forgueras.
 December 1, 1846 - La Esperaza, the
first daily newspaper edited by
Felipe Lacorte and Evaristo
Calderon.
 1847 - La Estrella
 La Opinion
 April 1, 1887 – 1890
 Said to have started political
journalism in the country.
 Openly defied the friars and called
for the ouster of the religious in the
Philippines.
 50 centavos for 1 month subscription
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 1848 - Diario de Manila
 1852 - Boletin Oficial de Filipinas
 1862 - El Catolico Filipino was
considered the first Philippine
Religious newspaper and was
publish by Mariano Sevilla.
 1865 - El Porvenir Filipino
 1884 - El Eco de Vigan was the first
provincial newspaper which was
issued in Ilocos.
 1890 – El Resumen edited by Pablo
Poblete
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 La Solidaridad
 Februrary 19, 1889 – November 15,
1895
 Aim was “to work peacefully for
social and economic reforms, to
expose the real plight of the
Philippines, and to champion
liberalism and democracy.
 Published in Spain, smuggled to the
Philippines
 Jose Rixsl, Marcelo H. del Pilar,
Mariano Ponce, Andres Bonifacio, Pio
Valenzuela, Graciano Lopez-Jaena

 Ang Kalayaan (1 issue only)

 January 1, 1896
 Issued by the Katipunan
 To our compatriots… after the
Spaniards have made us bear 300 years
the heavy yoke of slavery, they have
exiled us and imprisoned us…the word
“Mother Spain” is nothing more than
adulation…there is neither mother or
son; there is no more a country that
syas what is not is, and therefore our
hopes depend upon our forces and
defenses.”
 Editors Valenzuela, Jacinto, and
Bonifacio
 Katipunan grew to 30,000.

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 El Heraldo de Iloilo (January 1, 1898)

 La Libertad (June 20, 1898)

 La Independencia
 Started by Antonio Luna and
Fernando Ma. Guerrero
 September 3, 1898
 Attacked both Spaniards and
Americans (who were already in the
country)
 Followed by Joaquin Luna
 Writers included Rafael Palma
(Nacionalista Party), Cecilio Apostol,
Epifanio de los Santos, Judge Jose
Abreu

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 El Heraldo de la Revolucion
 September 28, 1898
 Emilio Aguinaldo

 America also established their own

newspapers aimed at their own
sailors
 Published aboard USS Olympia from
1897 to 1898.
 American Soldier
 Freedom
 The American

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 “Yellow journalism” The term was

coined in the mid-1890s to
characterize the
sensational journalism that used
some yellow ink in the circulation
war between Joseph Pulitzer's New
York World and William Randolph
Hearst's New York Journal.
 Characterized by sensationalized
stories, little research, cartoons, eye-
catching headlines

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 Manila Daily Bulletin, Manila Times,
The American, Cable News
 American owned
 Manila Times was eventually sold to
Manuel L. Quezon in 1917. Eventually
ended up with Alejandro Roces, Sr.
(“Father of Modern Journalism”) in
1927, ended publication in 1930.
Revived after WWII by his heirs.
 Roces also owned Taliba, La
Vanguardia, and Tribune
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 Manila Daily Bulletin (2nd oldest
existing)
 Began in 1900 as a shipping journal
 Most publications were put up by
politicians, political parties or
religion.
 Philippine Herald – first pro-Filipino
newspaper, established by Quezon in
1920.
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 Most publications except those the

Japanese intended to use were
closed.
 To be able to publish, it was required
that they (1)secure a permit from the
military, and (2) submit to military
censorship.

 Roughly 250 papers were published

 Manila Free Philippines – first post-
liberation newspaper. Published by
the US Office of War Information
 Eventually, smaller newspapers
perished and “giants” were back.
 The Manila Chronicle was bought by
Eugenio Lopez, Sr.

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 Pres. Ferdinand Marcos signed

Proclamation No. 1081 placing the
Philippines under martial law on
Sept. 21, 1972.
 Pronounced after military rounded
up hundreds of opposition lawmakers
and prominent (critical) journalists in
Camp Crame. Newspapers and
broadcast facilities were also locked
up.

 LOI No. 1 – Press Secretary and  PD No. 33 – printing, distribution, or

Secretary of National defense to take
over mass media.
 General Order No. 2-A – ordered the
arrest of journalists.
 Crony newspapers were allowed to
continue (crony press)
 Daily Express, ABS-CBN, RPN, IBC by
Robert Benedicto, Times Journal by
Koko Romualdez, etc.
possession of printed materials
which are immoral or indecent or
undermine integrity of the
government or stability of the state
 PD No. 90 – rumor-mongering
 Bureau of National and Foreign
Information (BNFI) – dissemenate
government information
 National Media Production Center
(NMPC) – propaganda network