CHAPTER 5 : b) The side mirror helps motorists to see

Challenge Yourself (pg 139) the vehicles at the sides & behind . This
1. a) A real image is one that can be formed is important when they wish to change
on a screen. A virtual image cannot be lane or over take.
formed on a screen.
ii) The common characteristics of the c)
images are virtual and inverted.
The Physics concept is reflection of
light. The Laws of Reflection states
that the incident ray, the reflected ray
and the normal are all lie in the same
plane & the angle of incidence, I is
equal to the angle of reflection, r.

Practice 5.2 (Pg 145) 3. At the air-water boundary:

1. a) Refraction is the phenomenon where Given nw = 1.33, i = 45° ,
light changes its direction at the n = sin i ÷ sin r
boundary between two materials of sin r = sin i ÷ n
different optical densities. = sin 45° ÷ 1.33
b) Refractive index, n is defined as the = 0.5317
ratio of speed of light in vacuum to r = 32.1°
speed of light in the medium.
2. The Law of Refraction states that the At the water-glass boundary,
incident ray, the refracted ray and the Sin r = sin 45° ÷ 1.5
normal are all in the same plane & the = 0.4714
sin i (vacuum ) r = 28.1°
ratio of is a constant ,
sin r (medium )
where i is the angle of incidence and r 4. n =H÷h
is the angle of refraction. h =H÷n
The refractive index of glass is 1.5 = 0.9 ÷ 1.33 m
means sin i is 1.5 sin r where i is the = 0.6767 m
angle of incidence (air) and r is the
angle of refraction (glass).

Challenge Yourself (pg 146) b) Given n = 1.62, i = 30°

a) Given n = (speed of light in air)_____ sin i
n=
(speed of light in medium) sin r
n = 2.42 sin 30 °
1.62 =
3.0 ×10 8 sin r
2.42 =
v sin 30 °
sin r =
3.0 ×10 8 1.62
v= = 1.240 ×10 8 ms −1
2.42 Angle of refraction, r = 18°
Challenge Yourself (pg 146) sin 35 °
n=
n=
sin i For Quartz, sin 22 °
c) Refractive index , sin r n = 1.53

sin 40 ° sin 30 °
n= n=
For Crown glass, sin 25 ° For Flint glass , sin 18 °
n = 1.52 n = 1.62

Practice 5.3 (pg 150) 2 a)

1a) Critical angle for flint glass,
1 1
c = sin −1 = sin −1 = 39 °33′
n 1.57
b)
Critical angle for diamond ,
1 1
c = sin −1 = sin −1 = 24 °18′
n 2.43

b) The higher the refractive index , the

smaller the critical angle . c)

Challenge Yourself (pg 150)

Practice 5.4 (pg 159) 2. Given ho = 3.0 cm, u = 20 cm, f = -30cm

1. Given u = 20 cm, f = 30 cm, find m Find hi
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ = → + = + = → + =−
v u f v 20 30 v u f v 20 30
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1
= − =− =− − =− =−
v 30 20 60 v 30 20 60 12
v = −60 cm v = −12 cm
v − 60 cm hi v h −12
m= = =3 = → i = = 0.6
u 20 cm ho u 3 .0 20
The magnification of image formed is 3. hi = 0.6 × 3.0cm = 1.8cm

NOTE : 3. Given f = 10 cm, m = 3 find u.

 1 1 1
+ = → +1 =
u u When the image is real,
v u f v f 10
3=
1 u u−f u −10
= −1 =
m f f 40
u= = 13 .3cm
f 3
m=
u−f 5– 5
When the image is virtual,
& 10
20
30
40
– 10 10
−3 =
1 1 1 v v u −10
+ = →1 + =
v u f u f 20
u= = 6.67 cm
v v− f 3
m = −1 =
f f
5

– 10 10 20 30 40
5– 5
1
2
3
4 1
2
3
4
5– 25
10
15 5
10
15
20

– 5

5
4
3
2
1

– 25 – 20 – 15 – 10 – 5 5 10 15
– 1
– 2
– 3
– 4
– 5

NOTE : 4. Given m = 10, power of obj lens =+2.0D

Power = 1/f ie fo = ½ m = 50 cm
Length of telescope at normal adjustment Therefore, 10 = 50 cm ÷ fm
= fo + f m fm = 5 cm
Magnification of telescope at normal The distance between the objective lens
adjustment, m = fo ÷ fm and the eyepiece lens = (50 + 5) cm
where fo = focal length of objective lens = 55 cm
fm = focal length of eyepiece lens