11.

3 Kondo Lattice 645

behaviour [135, 317, 3751. Some seem to remain non-ordering heavy

Fermi liquids down to the lowest accessible temperatures. We discussed
CeAl3 and CeCus in this sense in Sec. 11.2.4, and could add to the list
CeRuzSiz, CeNi2Ge2, and many other substances. It should, however,
be emphasized that found to be “non-ordering” is an uncertain status,
subject to frequent experimental revisions. In particular, the sensitive
technique of muon spin relaxation is apt to detect static magnetism
of N 1 0 - 3 p ~moments in systems which are, by other criteria, non-
magnetic. Since we are not in the position to make any useful comment
on this phenomenon, we leave it out of further consideration.
There are also clearcut cases of heavy fermion magnetism, exempli-
fied by the antiferromagnet U2Zn17. The specific heat coefficient is quite
large (7 k: 0.55J/moleUK2) above the NBel temperature TN = 9.7K.
The sharp specific heat anomaly (Fig. 11.15) reminds us of spin den-
sity wave transitions (Sec. 7.6.2). However, SDW gapping is clearly
incomplete and it leaves a moderately heavy (y O(0.1J/moleUK2))
N

Fermi liquid at T + 0. The ordered moment 0 . 8 ~ is ~

much smaller
than the paramagnetic moment 3.3PB, and this would also fit into the
SDW framework, but let us note that it is a size which may also be
explained by crystal field theory. - There are a few Kondo lattice com-
pounds which order ferromagnetically: for instance, CePdSb does so at
Tc = 18K [70]. Its low-T ordered moment of 0 . 9 is ~ about
~ a third of
the free-ion value.
It is a further challenge to understand the localized moment f-
electron magnets, for instance heavy rare earth elements like Gd. Also
these are periodic f-c systems, so we should be wondering what makes
them so different from both CeA13 and U2Zn17: they have very ordinary
specific heat coefficients, and show no evidence of Kondo-like features in
their disordered phase. We return to them in some detail in Sec. 11.4.
For the purposes of the present discussion, let us simplify the rich
variety of Kondo lattice behaviour to these three ~ a t e g o r i e s ~1)~non-
:
magnetic heavy Fermi liquids; 2) heavy fermion magnets with reduced

431t should not be left unmentioned that there is a further, completely different
class of f-electron systems which are enjoying great attention: non-magnetic non-
Fermi-liquids [435]. These are, however, beyond the scope of this text. - Besides,
heavy fermion superconductivity can either compete, or coexist, with magnetism.