CE 356

Environmental Engineering-II

Aerated Lagoons & Secondary Clarifier

Prof. Dr. Javed Anwar Aziz

Engr. Ghulam Hussain

 AERATED LAGOONS
 Aerated Lagoons are earthen basins in which wastewater is
treated on a Flow Through Basis.

 Oxygen is supplied by means of surface or diffused aerators.

 Aerated Lagoon operates at low MLSS concentrations but with

long retention time as compared to activated sludge process.

 In Aerated Lagoons sludge recycling is not employed.

 AERATED LAGOONS
TYPES:
i. Partially Mixed (Facultative):

 Aeration done only to fulfill oxygen requirements,

but not for maintaining the solids in suspension.

 Settled sludge decomposes anaerobically.

i. Fully Mixed (Aerobic):

 Energy input satisfies the BOD

and keeps the contents of the basin

in suspension. Fig: Aerobic lagoon (above)

facultative lagoon (below)
 AERATED LAGOONS
Process Design Criteria/Considerations:

 Detention Time 4-7 days

 Depth 3-5 m
 Power Input 20 W/m3 of Lagoon volume

• Effluent quality can be estimated by using following formula

Le 1

Li 1 k t

• Reported overall values of K vary from 0.5 to 1.5 per day.

• Removal rates for soluble BOD would be higher.
 AERATED LAGOONS
ADVANTAGES:

 Require less area as compared to WSP

 Low capital cost as compared to ASP

 Easy to operate/maintain

 A good treatment option for a wide range of industries e.g.,

dairy, fruits etc.

LIMITATIONS:

 Poor coli form removal

 Sludge handling problem in facultative lagoons

 Cannot be used where space is very limited (very large area

requirements as compared to ASP).
 SECONDARY CLARIFIER DESIGN
(for suspended growth processes)

Design of secondary clarifier is critically important to

the operation of a suspended growth process.

DESIGN BASIS:

 Solids loading is important in secondary clarifiers

following suspended growth processes since,
• Hindered settling is likely to occur, and

• The settling velocity of discrete particles may not govern

the basin design.
 SECONDARY CLARIFIER DESIGN
(for suspended growth processes)

Solids loading is expressed in Kg/m2-h of

suspended solids.

 Typical solids loading rates vary from 2.5 to 6.2

Kg/m2-h, at average and peak loading conditions
respectively.

 SOR should not exceed 57 m/d.

 Weir loading rates should not exceed 250 m2/d.