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Process Description
OS Control Structure
o Memory table
o I/O, table
o File table
o Process table
o
• OS must understand the general environment of system. This is an issue of
configuration
• Configuration can either be by human assistance or some autoconfiguration
software.
o Process identification
o Processor state information
o Process control information
Process Control
o Nonprocess Kernel
o Execution within User Processes
o Process-Based Operating System
Chapter 4 Concurrency
• Competition leads to mutual exclusion. That means that the resource is non-
sharable. It is a critical resource.
• the portion of the program that uses a critical resource is a critical section of
the program
• Mutual exclusion leads to deadlock and starvation
• A deadlock is a situation where two or more processes are blocked by one
another
• Starvation is a situation where a runnable process is able to process but is
never chosen to run.
• Sharing leads to ensuring data integrity.
• Issues of mutual exclusion, deadlock, and starvation are again present.
• Here only writing operations must be mutually exclusive
• Communication between processes means synchronizing, or coordinating
various activities.
• Communication is characterized by as messages passing using OS primitives.
• No mutual exclusion though deadlock and starvation may ensue.
3
• Mutual exclusion can be conducted by either hardware or software. The main
mechanism is to disable interrupt
• Special machine codes are provided to ensure interrupt disabling, by blocking
access to a memory locations from other processes in hardware This include:
o Compare&Swap Instruction
o Exchange Instruction