472 Ch.

8 Ferromagnetism in Hubbard Models

to drive the system to ferromagnetism. Fig. 8.10 (left) shows the JH-
dependence of the Curie temperature. It is clear that JHis the driving
force of ferromagnetism (the plot was done for n = 1.25 which, as it
turns out immediately, is the most favourable case for FM).
0.161 . t . r . 1 . I . 1 0.25 I . , . , .

0.2 PM
0.15
T
0.1

FM
0.05

n I . I . , .

0 0.5 I 1.5 2
JH n

Figure 8.10: Ferromagnetism in the two-band Hubbard model at moderately strong

interactions (after [161]).Left: Curie temperature vs JH for n = 1.25, U, = 9, and
Uab= 5. Right: magnetic phase diagram in the n-T plane for U, = 9, Uab = 5, and
JH = 4. Ferromagnetic ordering is driven by the Hund coupling, and extends over a
wide range of band filling.

Fig. 8.10 (right) gives the phase diagram38 in the n - T plane, for
the previous U’s and JH= 4. The ferromagnetic phase extends over the
wide range 0.4 < n < 1.7; the upper end belongs to a sudden transition
to AFM near half-filling. The highest Curie temperature Tc is found
somewhat above quarter-filling (at n M 1.25). In this example, JH is
probably a bit too high to be realistic, but the extension of the FM
phase along the n-axis should be similar also for lower J H 7 S , only TC
would be scaled down. Remaining with the present values, the highest
Curie temperature is about 0.1, i.e., for a bandwidth of 4eV it would
be 1000K. Let it be remarked that in this model, too, the Hartree-Fock
approximation overestimates Tc by more than a factor of 10 (we would
get Tc M 2 with the parameters of the right panel of Fig. 8.10 [lSl]).
The reader may feel apprehensive because we have not made contact
with our previous results: nothing particular seems to happen at quarter
filling, and we have not mentioned orbital ordering (00).Indeed, with

381n spite of the apparent similarity of this phase diagram to that seen in Fig. 8.8
(left), the underlying physics is completely different.