MODAL AND MODAL PERFECT

(Modal adalah bagian dari auxiliary (kata kerja bantu) sehingga dapat diperlakukan
seperti kata kerja bantu yang fungsinya memberikan tambahan arti pada kata kerja)

MODAL AUXILIARIES
Modal Auxiliaries mengekspresikan sikap dari pembicara. Contoh : modals dapat mengekspresikan
apa yang dirasa penting, nasihat, izin, kemungkinan, dll. Modals menunjukkan kekuatan dari
sikap/attitudes dari pembicara. Setiap modals mempunyai arti nya masing-masing.
Can had better might ought (to) Should Would
Could May must Shall will
Modal Auxiliaries
I can do it Benar : she can do it
You could do it Salah : she cans do it
Modals diikuti oleh kata kerja murni atau bare
We had better do it
infinitive.
They + may do it + V-Infinitive Benar : she can do it
He might do it Salah : she can did it/she can does it
Pengecualian hanya untuk “ought”, (TO+Simple
She must do it
form of verb)
It ought to do it Benar: he ought to go to meeting
Shall do it
Notes :
Should do it
“can” juga bisa digunakan untuk menyatakan
Will do it izin. Contoh : Can I use your computer? “must”
Would do it juga bisa menyatakan kesimpulan.
Can/could = bisa Contoh : he has been in Englan for a year. He
must speak English fluently. “may” juga bisa
May/might = boleh menyatakan kemungkinan.
Must/ough to = harus Contoh : he may come to my party. “might”
Shall/should = seharusnya/sebaiknya juga bisa menyatakan kemungkinan besar.
Contoh : she might be at home today.
Will/would = akan
Phrasal Modals
Be able to do it Contoh : “be able to” is similar to “can”; “be
Be going to do it going to” is similar to “will”.
Be supposed to do it (To + V-infinitive)
Have to do it Benar : I am able to do it.
Have got to do it Salah : I am able doing it.

1
 MODAL PERFECT (Lampau) Meaning Example
Must + Have + V3 Pasti (lampau) The lamp was off. He must have slept.
Should/Ought to + Have + V3 Seharusnya She should have waited a little longer. Her
(lampau) mother just came after he had gone.
Could + have + V3 Seharusnya She went to school by bus. She could have gone
bias (lampau) by car.
Might + have + V3 Mungkin It may have rained last night, but I’m not sure.
(lampau)

CONTOH SOAL
1. Finally, he … to sing. 5. We … have committed this crime. We
A. are able weren’t even in the city that night.
B. Be able A. Might
C. Is able (“be able to”, singular) B. Shouldn’t
D. ables C. Couldn’t (kemampuan, “that night”)
E. being able D. Would
E. Should
2. I’m meeting her tonight but I don’t know if
I … make it. 6. Your glass is empty. … I get you some more
A. Would wine?
B. Can (bisa, “tonight”) A. Shall
C. Shall B. Will
D. Could C. Can
E. May D. Could
E. Should (menawarkan bantuan)
3. If you are waiting for the bus …
A. You’d better join the queue (“had 7. We … like to visit that new store some day.
better”) A. Shall
B. You should better join the queue B. Will
C. You might better join the queue C. Can
D. You could better join the queue D. Would (“would like” = akan, ingin)
E. You might join the queue E. Should

4. She is sick, but she doesn’t come to 8. We are really quite lost. … showing me
hospital to have a medical check up. how to get out of here?
She … have it soon. A. Would you mind (meminta)
A. Would B. Would you be
B. Should (“sebaiknya”) C. Must you be
C. Could D. Can you be
D. Will E. Should you be
E. Shall

2
9. A dog … bark and neither can buffalo. 10. Students .... to obey the rules that have
A. Can been made by the teacher.
B. Can’t (kemampuan, present) A. Must
C. Couldn’t B. Have (“have to” = harus)
D. Could C. Has
E. Could not D. Ought
E. Could

LATIHAN SOAL-SOAL
1. The light is out in her room; she … until a day or two before that.
A. must go to bed A. shouldn’t
B. must have gone to bed B. must’n
C. must gone to bed C. needn’t
D. must be gone to bed D. can’t

2. She went to the office by taxi, but she … by 6. X : Our cargoes are not ready yet, Sir.
bus Y : well, I think we ... contact our customer
A. might of gone to ask fo some extra time
B. shuld gone A. Will
C. could have gone B. Might
D. ought have gone C. Should
D. Used to
3. He went by bus, but he ….____by car.
A. might of gone 7. Before the construction of Panama Canal,
B. should gone ships … around the tip of South America to
C. could have gone get Pacific Ocean from Atlantic Ocean.
D. ought have gone A. should have travelled
B. must have travelled
4. Mom and Dad just left for the airport C. had to travel
twenty minutes ago, so they ____there D. have traveled
yet.
A. can’t have gotten 8. By studying the movements of the Sun and
B. shouldn’t have gotten Moon, even early astronomers could _____
C. had better have gotten eclipses would take place.
D. could have gotten A. predicting when
B. when it predicts
5. Since the company doesn’t charge a late C. the prediction when
fee until after the sixteenth, you ____ pay D. predict when

9. When a patient‘s blood pressure is much higher than it should be , a doctor usually
A B C
insists that he will not smoke.
D

3
10. In 1732, coach travelers could got from New York to Philadelphia in about two days.
A B C D

11. As a protective protein molecule, an antibody can combines with a foreign virus protein.
A B C D

12. Sharing my experiences made me realise that if I had therapy from the beginning, I might never
A B C
have needed to switch off my feeling with drugs.
D

13. When you are making reservations, you had better spent a few extra dollars for a flexible flight
A B C
and accommodation package with a favorable cancellation policy.
D

4
 CAUSATIVE VERB

(Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan menyuruh objek lain melakukan suatu kegiatan
ataupun dikenai pekerjaan)

AKTIF : S + HELP + O1 + Vinfinitive + O2

HAVE
MAKE
LET

CONTOH : Toni made the bellboy bring the luggage.

The government will make the businessman pay his loan.

: S + GET + O1 + To-Infinitive + O2
ORDER
WANT
ASK

CONTOH : Bobby got Christian to wash the car.

Jane is getting her fiancee to arrange her papers.

PASIF : S + GET + O1 + V3 + O2
ORDER
WANT
ASK
HELP
HAVE
MAKE
LET

CONTOH : The customer had the shoes delivered before 6 pm.

IMPERATIVE VERB
(Imperative adalah verb (kata kerja) yang digunakan untuk memberikan command (perintah)
warning (peringatan), advice (nasehat), instruction (petunjuk), maupun request (permintaan)).

Untuk penggunaannya, aturannya adalah sebagai berikut:

 Kata yang digunakan merupakan bare infinitive (tanpa “to”)
Contoh : Go! Be careful! Sit down!
 Verb ini tidak membutuhkan penambahan subject karena subject “you” telah tersirat
(elliptical construction)
Contoh : Shut the window!
 Kata kerja dapat dibuat lebih sopan dengan menambahkan kata “do” di depan verb

5
 Contoh : Do open the door!
 Bentuk negative didapat dengan menambahkan kata “don’t” atau “do not” di depa verb.
Contoh : Do not step on the grass! Don’t be careless!
 Jika subjek ikut merasakan tindakan yang atau pekerjaan tersebut, tambahkan “let’s” atau
“let us” maupun jika bentuk negative nya “let’s not” di depan verb.

Dibawah ini ada fungsi dan contoh dari imperative:

Fungsi Keterangan Contoh Imperative
Imperative digunakan Perintah biasanya diberikan oleh Wake up now!
untuk memberikan direct orang yang memiliki authority (Bangun sekarang!)
order/command (perintah (kewenangan) atau kepada anakanak Get out!
langsung) maupun binatang. Jika imperative di (Keluar!)
dalam kalimat, Intonasi menurun
pada akhir kalimat.
Imperative digunakan Biasanya untuk memperingatkan Watch out!
untuk memberikan seseorang akan bahaya. Intonasi (Awas!)
warning/prohibition meninggi pada kata terakhir. Don’t touch me!
(peringatan) (Jangan sentuh saya!)
Imperative digunakan Kalimat diucapkan dengan intonasi Don’t be panic.
untuk memberikan advice normal. (Jangan panik.)
(nasehat) Do not eat too much.
(Jangan makan terlalu
banyak.)
Imperative digunakan _ Go straight ahead then turn
untuk memberikan left.
instruction (Jalan lurus ke depan lalu
(instruksi/petunjuk) belok kiri.)
Take the pill after a meal.
(Minum pil setelah makan.)
Imperative digunakan Untuk mengajukan request, dapat Please don’t go.
untuk mengajukan request digunakan kata “please” untuk (Tolong jangan pergi.)
(permintaan/permohonan) membuat kata kerja ini menjadi Please reconsider.
lebih sopan. (Tolong pertimbangkan
kembali.)
Let me alone, please.
(Biarkan saya sendiri.)
Polite request:
 Would you like to give
me some food, please?
 Could you please stay
here?
 Will you invite him,
please?

6
CONTOH SOAL
1. I’ll get my brother … my new shoes. A. Make (“have_Vinf”)
A. Wash B. Made
B. Washed C. Making
C. To wash (“get _ to”) D. Makes
D. To washed E. To make
E. Washes
7. They are going on a long trip, so they must
2. Budi had the gardener … the grass. …
A. Plant (“Had Vinf”) A. Have checked the car
B. Planted B. Have the car checked (“must Vinf,
C. To plant have Vinf”)
D. Plants C. To have the car checked
E. Planting D. Had the car checked
E. Had the car being checked
3. Johnson forgot to bring his glasses, so he
had somebody … the announcement. 8. I don’t know how to arrange these books.
A. Reading I’d rather …
B. Read (“had Vinf”) A. Do it
C. To read B. Have to do it
D. Reads C. Have it done (“have_Vinf”)
E. Readed D. Have done it
E. Has do it
4. “Tina is a lazy girl”
“Yes, she always wants … for her”. 9. “This English text on Accounting is too
A. To have everything done (“want to, difficult for me to read”.
have _V3”) “Well, you’d better …”
B. Everything having been done A. Translate it
C. Have everything done B. To translate
D. To has everything done C. Have it translated (Have_Vinf)
E. Have everything do D. Have translate it
E. Have it to be translated
5. “Is your car new?”
“No, I … at my father’s garage”. 10. Let the children … the sleeping cat.
A. Only had it painted (“Had _ V3”) They’ll be pleased … it
B. Had only it paint A. Touching, to feel
C. Had only painted it B. Touching, feeling
D. Had been asked to paint it C. Touch, to feel (“Let_Vinf, Pleased to”)
E. Only to had it painted D. Touch, feeling
E. Touch, felt
6. I’ll have my secretary … an appointment
with Mr. Salim for next week.

7
LATIHAN SOAL-SOAL
1. Ima advised … the secondhand car. 7. We got the computer guy ____ the new
A. her friend to not purchase software for us.
B. her friend not to purchase A. to install
C. her friend does not purchase B. installing
D. her friend will not purchase C. installed
D. install
2. The guess made the bell boy ... the
8. My friend lets me ____ his car sometimes.
luggage.
A. to borrow
A. To bring
B. borrowing
B. Brought C. borrowed
C. Brings D. borrow
D. Bring
9. Your car engine is making some strange
3. Please ________ photocopies of sounds. Why don't you have a mechanic
copyrighted material without the ____ at it?
permission of the publisher. A. to look
A. no make B. looking
B. don't make C. looked
C. not make D. look
D. not to make
10. Her parents don't let her ___ out late on
4. My mom always makes me __ my room on school nights.
Saturday mornings. A. to stay
A. to clean up B. stayed
B. cleaning up C. stay
C. cleaned up D. staying
D. clean up
11. We've got to get our neighbours ___
5. My little girl wants us to let her ___ having loud parties every weekend.
overnight at her friend's place. A. stopping
A. to stay B. to stop
C. stop
B. staying
D. stopped
C. stayed
D. stay
12. She had her hair ___ at QuickCuts for only
$25.
6. We had our landlord ___ the broken
A. cutting
window.
B. to cut
A. to fix C. cut
B. fixing D. cutted
C. fixed
D. fix

8
9