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Submitted by:
HAYGI R. PACNIS
BS MARINE ENGINEERING
Submitted to:
July 12, 1876 Nathan Algren sailed to Japan and according to him there is no comfort in
the emptiness of the sea, no past and no future, I have been burned to help suppress, the rebellion
of yet another tribal leader. Apparently this is the only job offer for which I am sailed. I am best
by the ironies of life.
At Yokohoma, harbor in 1876 Algren arrived and Simon Graham (Timothy Spall) meet
him and brought them to the emperor. Graham is the one who narrate the story.
The training started in July 22, 1876 and most of the trainees are peasants who never seen
a gun and General Hasegawa (Togo Igawa) lead the Japanese men.Nathan wants to understand
the tactics made of Katsumoto( Ken Watanabe) the leader of the samurai for him to come up a
planon how to defeat them.
In 1876 at Yoshiro Province, the first battle was happened between the samurai and the
Japanese men it was a wrong decision made by Colonel Bagley to fight against the samurai. It
was then Algren was caught and brought him to the village of samurai and gave treatment of the
wound he had in the fight.
Algren reminiscence his past as he stayed and recovering from the fight against the
samurai. It was in the village he understand the life, costume and tradition that a samurai
posses.It was then the first encounter of Algren and Katsumoto .
During the winter of 1877 Algren asked Katsumoto what does it means to be Samurai.
According to Katsumoto , to decorate yourself utterly to set of moral principles to seek a stillness
of your mind and to master the way of the sword.
As the winter is over and spring is coming a show was made to entertained the village
people, but a group of ninja tried to kill Katsumoto but Algren notice and warned katsamuto
who then one of the actor in the show.
The time Nathan Algren returned to Yokohama, Katsamuto accompanied him, it also a
chance for the leader of Samurai to talked to his former student the Emperor Meiji( Nakamuna
Shichinosuke II) and return to the council but the emperor failed his adviser even its against his
will. With Omura he then orders to forbidden sword around the Yokohoma. Katsamuto then
became enemy of Japan.
May 25 of 1877 a war against the samurai, the weapon of the emperor soldier are more
modernized but with the determination to maintain the samurai Algren and Katsamuto made a
decision to fight against them and save their believes.
A bloody war that taken many lives, sword against riffle. As Katsamuto was fired and
want to die perfectly with his sword. The N.C.O. (Sutoshi Nikaido) declared to stop firing from
Katsamuto and Algren. Everyone then knee and bowed their head to give respect to the last
leader of Samurai.
Finally on the signing of contract between the two nations, Algren came to present the
sword and delivered the last words of KAtsamuto to him. Amura tried to interrupt but the
emperor wish to listen that according to katsamuto “The strength of the Samurai be with him
always, he hope that he remembers the ancestors who held the sword and what they died for. The
emperor then turned down the agreement as he open his eyes of the value of their ancestry.
And the days of the Samurai ended, Nation, like men, it is sometime said have their own
destiny.
The Last Samurai is a story of John Logan and directed by Edward Zwick and a epic
story of Japan that portrays, love, history, politics, bravery, drama, action and above all
patriotism.
A drama because of Algren has nightmares of the previous past he had and felt peace
when he was brought to the village of the samurai. Also when the husband of Taka (Koyuki)
died a Algren became a father figure to their children. Love is also in the story, because when the
husband of Hutako was killed by Algren and eventually felt in love to Algren. Also a love of a
father and a son was also portrayed in the movie.
Bravery is also seen in the movie, where Kotsamuto and Algren fight for their believes
and principles. Also when the son of Katsamuto Nobutada( Shin Koyamada) bravely battle
against the soldier to save the life of his father. History because this represents the nation of
Japan, the values, costume, tradition and culture of Japanese was shown on this movie.
It is a action movie because it shows conflict between the soldier and samurai. Where they battle
for what they believe, it also talked about political interests because of the role of Amura who
wants to have a good position in the government and wealth.
Above all is patriotism where Hatsamuto value the costume and tradition of being a samurai
where he fights until his last breath in order to keep the flame of the sword of the samurai.
Northwestern University
College of Maritime Education
Laoag City
Submitted by:
HAYGI R. PACNIS
BS MARINE ENGINEERING
Submitted to:
A fire on a ship is one of the most dangerous incidents which can happen on board. If the
fire is detected in good time, the crew can prevent larger damages by taking immediate measures
– such as fighting the fire by use of a fire hose under breathing protection. If the fire has already
spread, professional aid is absolutely needed, which can be rendered via helicopter or by ship.(2)
This course is part of the mandatory Basic Safety Training and instruction requirements
for all seafarers under Regulation VIII, Section A-VIII of the 1978 STCW Convention, as
mended in 1995. It covers the specified standard of training recommended in Annex I of the
IMO Assembly Resolution A. 437 CXII and the required competence set out in Table A-VII2 of
the STCW code.(1)
The problem of fire prevention and firefighting become even more acute once a vessel
leaves port. Then rough seas navigation difficulties may also increase the hazards.((2)
Some fires may be purely accidental and others may be cause by circumstances beyond
control. Like –carelessness and irresponsible will. Some of the most common cause of fire is-
careless smoking and faulty electric circuits.(2)
Some countries have the funding and resources to assist a ship in trouble. A professional
response demands a great deal of preplanning by the Fire Department, thus poorer countries may
not have the funding to set up an Emergency response team for offshore work. It is not straight
forward to set up a team for ship firefighting, the selection of suitable personnel, training of those
personnel not just for ship firefighting, but also helicopter operations and sea survival will need
to be funded, in most cases separately to local funding arrangements. The funding is very often a
grey area and the retrieval of costs involved in fighting fires can be difficult due to the
complexities of salvage claims. Shore based fire fighters offer some obvious advantages over a
ship’s crew, a greater understanding and experience in fire and dealing with hazardous materials.
Professional fire team trains regularly, in some cases every day and regularly performs exercises,
which demand the mobilization of a large amount of resources. Early notification is essential in
order that the shore-based service can assess the situation and plan a safe approach. The
reluctance to call early for help whatever the reason, be it company policy, salvage claims or just
lack of understanding of what is available, may incur serious delays which will affect the success
of the operation. (2)
Before boarding, the senior fire officer will carry out a dynamic risk assessment, to
ensure the safety of the team. Safe access and escape routes, together with the risks on board are
their main concerns. Liaison with shore based services once on board the officer will need to be
given a full briefing by the ship’s command, using the ship’s fire safety plan. A situation report
will be sent to the fire departments control center giving the land-based command indications to
the size of the task and the resources that need to be organized. Although the shore-based team
has a greater knowledge about firefighting, the sea conditions, knowledge of stability, layout of
the ship, and the equipment on board will disadvantage them. Liaison between both parties will
help to overcome the difficulties. A ship fire to a land based fire fighter is a hostile environment,
not just the because of the difficulties in attacking, but also the team’s involvement at sea means
a fire in the advanced stages.(2)
The risk of fire, explosion and leakages are high, therefore the design of the platform,
detection equipment, efficient firefighting facilities, together with a well-trained organization are
an absolute necessity to prevent a disaster. The threat of fire must be detected as early as
possible, from which well-rehearsed actions are implemented, including shut down of
production, initiating manually or automatically fixed fire protection and intervention by fire
team to prevent the situation from worsening.(2)
COMMON SHIPBOARD FIRE HAZARD
Ship’s Galley
Once vessel leaves port for sea, the cooking range battens are to be use at all times.
Electrical power to any hot plate not in use must be switched off. No cloth or paper should be
stowed above a cooking range as it can be ignited easily through carelessness. Hoods, filters and
ductwork for cooking rangers to be thoroughly cleaned every week and no oil/grease
accumulation allowed in and around hot plates.(1)
A deep fryer can be a source of both heat and fuel for a galley fire. The fryer should be
fixed in a location and must never be left unattended while it is operating. Fryer basket should
never be filled so full that grease splatters and overflows.(1)
Heating increases the rate of vapor release. These vapors are heavier than air, will seek
low places, can spread to a distant source of ignition and dissipate slowly. Bunker fuels and lube
oils must be heated to release sufficient vapor for combustion. But once a light or heavy
flammable liquid is burning, radiation feedback and the chain reaction quickly increase flame
production. (1)
Maintenance / Inspection
Maintenance is a "thorough check" intended to give maximum assurance that will operate
effectively and safely. It includes a thorough examination and any necessary repair or
replacement. Maintenance shall be performed at regular intervals, not more than 1 year apart or
when specifically indicated by an inspection. Inspection is a quick check that is available and
will operate. (1)
The safety management system (SMS) therefore ensures that each and every ship comply
with the mandatory safety rules and regulations, and follow the codes, guidelines, and standards
recommended by the IMO, classification societies, and concerned maritime organizations.(1)
Periodic Inspection
Periodic surveys and inspections of ships are carried out to ensure the safety and
seaworthiness of vessels. With maritime laws becoming more stringent with each passing year,
sea-going vessels have to go through a series of inspections in order to meet minimum
requirements to continue sailing. (1)
Annual surveys by classification society are a vital part of ship’s trading eligibility. Thus
for a vessel to continue trading various periodical surveys and certifications by classification
society are mandatory to ensure its continual compliance with International regulations and
endorsement of the same. Various certificates require annual endorsement after the class
surveyor verifies that the conditions, functioning and operational and maintenance requirements
of the vessel are complied with. (1)
In every vessel, preventative maintenance can vitally help keep the machinery to be up-
to-date and gain a favorable outcome. Usually, a number of machines are situated in the ship’s
engine room. In this case, the engineers and particular crews responsibly carry out maintenance
to promote safe and more effective operation. Furthermore, each device, machine, or engine in
ships requires preventative maintenance that should be accomplished at routine intervals of time.
(1)
Fire doors
Fire doors are fitted in fire retardant bulkhead to provide access from the same. They are
self-closing type doors with no hold back arrangement.(1)
Fire Dampers
Dampers are provided in the ventilation system of cargo holds, engine room,
accommodation etc. in order to block out excessive oxygen supply to the fire. For this, it is
necessary that open and shut position clearly marked for fire dampers.(1)
Fire Pumps
As per regulation, a ship must have main fire pump and an emergency power pump of
approved type and capacity. The location of the emergency fire pump must be outside the space
where main fire pump is located. (1)
Fire Hydrants
Fire hoses are connected to fire hydrants from which the water supply is controlled. They
are made up of heat retardant material to get least affected from the subzero temperatures and
also to ensure that hoses can be easily coupled with them. (1)
Portable fire extinguishers of CO2, Foam and Dry Chemical Powder are provided in
accommodation, deck and machinery spaces carried along with number of spares as given by the
regulation.(1)
CO2, Foam and water are used in this type of system, which is installed at different
locations on the ship and is remotely controlled from outside the space to be protected. (1)
Inert Gas System
The inert gas system is provided in the oil tankers of 20000 dwt and above and those
which are fitted with Crude oil washing. The IG system is to protect Cargo space from any fire
hazards. (1)
STCW Circular2014-06
https://maredu.gunet.gr/modules/document/file.php
http://firetraining-ship.blogspot.com/p/3-common-shipboard-fire-hazards.html
http://www.marine-charter-concept.com/en/stcw-2010/stcw-2010-fire-prevention-and-fire-
fighting/
http://www.transfeu.eu/fileadmin/user/pdf/TRANSFEU_to_IMO_and_ISO_K_Yoshida.pdf
https://marinevibe.com/safety/basic-fire-fighting-onboard-ships-prevention-and-action
https://www.marineinsight.com/marine-safety/16-fire-fighting-appliances-and-preventive-
measures-present-onboard-ship/
http://bulkcarrierguide.com/fire-fighting.html
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