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ID CODE

HANDBOOK

2-D CODE
BASIC GUIDE
CONTENTS

Chapter 1 What are 2D codes?


1-1 Background of 2D codes ........................................................................................................................... 4
1-2 Features of 2D codes .................................................................................................................................. 5
1-3 Different types of 2D codes ...................................................................................................................... 6
1-4 Application of 2D codes ........................................................................................................................... 7
Chapter 2 What is QR code?
2-1 Structure of QR code ................................................................................................................................10
2-2 Specifications of QR code........................................................................................................................13
Chapter 3 What is Data Matrix code?
3-1 Structure of Data Matrix code ...............................................................................................................18
3-2 Structure of Data Matrix code (ECC200) ...........................................................................................19
3-3 Specifications of Data Matrix code ...................................................................................................21
3-4 GS1 Data Matrix ........................................................................................................................................23
Chapter 4 Other 2D codes
4-1 Other 2D codes ...........................................................................................................................................26

2
Chapter 1
What are 2D codes?

1-1 Background of 2D codes..........................................................4


1-2 Features of 2D codes ..................................................................5
1-3 Different types of 2D codes ....................................................6
1-4 Application of 2D codes ...........................................................7
Chapter 1 What are 2D codes?

1 -1 Background of 2D codes

Barcodes are extensively used in various fields: POS systems in super markets and convenience stores, prevention of
production errors and production instructions in the manufacturing industry, ordering systems in enterprises,
prevention of errors in medical treatment, and so on.

As barcodes became common and their convenience was widely recognized, other needs arose. Some required storing
greater amounts of data and others required smaller barcodes for electronic parts, etc.
A bar code contains only about 30 characters to express product information. Other necessary data (item #.,
number of items, serial #., destination, address, etc.) should be stored in a computer. Thus, when using barcodes,
you always need a computer to store the data that the barcode cannot contain.

If there was a bar code with a large capacity, a computer becomes unnecessary. Information can be carried with the
product and you can extract necessary information without a computer. If a barcode can be attached on minute
parts, traceability control (controlling manufacturing/inspection records) of each component, once impossible,
becomes a possibility.

2D code was created for these reasons.


Compared with barcodes, 2D code has up to a hundred times the data, even though it is over ten times smaller. 2D
codes are prevailing in many fields to maximize their capabilities.

History of barcode History of 2D code


2010 GS1 DataBar use for consumer packaged goods begins
2006 GS1 DataBar (RSS) is standardized by ISO/IEC
2005 Guideline on the new code designation of ethical
GTIN allocation rules were issued
drugs is issued
2004 Micro QR code is added to JIS-X-510
2003 "Bar code and two-dimensional symbols for shipping, transport and receiving labels" are instituted as JIS-X-515
2001
Guideline on the billing system using GS1-128 (UCC/EAN-128) is released PDF417 is standardized by ISO/IEC

2000 Data Matrix, Maxi Code and QR Code are


EAN/UPC, ITF, Code39 and Code128 are standardized by ISO/IEC
standardized by ISO/IEC
1999 Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association
Introduces QR code as standard code for Kamban
1997 Japan Federation of Medical Devices Associations
QR code is registered to AIMI standard (ITS)
introduce EAN 128 as standard
1996 Data Matrix and Maxi Code are registered to
AIMI standard (ISS)
1994 PDF417 is registered to AIMI standard (USS)
DENSO WAVE develops QR code
1991 ITF standard is partially revised
NW-7 and Code128 are instituted as JIS-X-0503
1989 ITF (Interleaved Two of Five) starts to prevail Symbol Technologies develops PDF417
1987 Code49 is developed by Intermec Technologies
ITF is instituted as JIS-X-0502
ID Matrix develops Data Matrix, UPS develops Maxi Code
1984 Seven-Eleven Japan employs the POS system
1982 Veritec develops Veri Code
1981 ITF is employed for delivery cartons in US. (UPC)
Code39 is employed by the Department of Defense in US
as official code (LOGMARS)
1978 JAN code is instituted as JIS-X-0501
1975 Code39 is developed by Intermec Technologies
1973 UPC code is determined on the basis of UPIC code
1972 Codabar is developed.
Barcode is introduced to Japan and major
department stores start to use it on trial.
ITF code is developed by Intermec Technologies
1968 Code 2 of 5 is developed.

4
Chapter 1 What are 2D codes?

1 -2 Features of 2D codes

• Large data capacity


Barcodes contain data only in one direction while 2D codes contain data in both horizontal and vertical directions,
so they can hold much more data than standard barcodes.
Barcodes contain up to 30 characters, but 2D codes can contain up to 3000 characters.

Contains data vertically

* 1 2 3 4 5 *

Contains data horizontally Contains data horizontally

• High data density (Space-saving)


2D codes can be as small as 1/30 the size of a typical barcode containing the same data.
As a result, 2D codes can be printed on electronics and other small parts where space is limited.

• 2D codes offer error correction / data restoration


2D codes feature built-in error correction, allowing them to restore data if the code is damaged or smudged.
Mathematical error correction (Reed-Solomon) is employed for data restoration.

♦ Disadvantage of 2D codes

• 2D code has no backup when the data is unreadable


Barcodes typically have readable characters at the bottom, in case barcodes are damaged/missing. Operators
read the characters and input the data with a keyboard so that it does not affect operations.
2D codes have a very large amount of data, so readable characters are not added. When the 2D code is too
damaged for scanning, there is no means to read the data and that interferes with operations. (It is possible to
add readable characters to 2D codes, but it is not realistic to let personnel type more than 100 characters.)
When you use 2D codes, you need to create a system that can provide measures when the 2D code is damaged.

Human-readable characters
Personnel can check and input the data

5
Chapter 1 What are 2D codes?

1 -3 Different types of 2D codes

2D codes are classified into two types according to the structure.

• Stack type
Conventional barcodes are vertically stacked.
Sample

PDF417 Code 49

The stack type is composed of several barcodes vertically stacked in a rectangle.


General laser scanners can read the stack type if the laser crosses all stacked barcodes. However, it cannot tolerate
displacement more than ±10°.
(Only laser scanners with software to read 2D codes can read 2D codes.)

• Matrix type
Data is composed of black and white modules in a complex pattern.
Sample

QR code Data Matrix Veri Code

The matrix type is composed of small squares or points called “modules” arranged in a square grid. They have a
square frame, an L-shaped frame or position detection patterns for reliable position detection. A camera or a reader
integrated with 2D CCDs decodes the module arrangement by image processing. It can be read from any direction.

6
Chapter 1 What are 2D codes?

1 -4 Application of 2D codes

1. Controlling minute parts


Data Matrix, QR code, Veri code (Typical)
Minute parts for LCD, electronics, semiconductor and automobile industries require several dozen characters for
manufacturing history control. Since data has to be compact in order to be printed on these small parts, matrix 2D
codes are often used.
Data Matrix and Veri Code are used in the LCD industry and Data Matrix and QR code are
generally used for printed boards and electronic parts.

2. Shipping notification, invoicing and product labeling with EDI data


QR code, PDF417 (Typical)
When a database or other information is not available for an item, a 2D code can provide very useful information for
product identification.
The Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association uses PDF417 and QR code.

3. Governmental use
PDF417 (Typical)
2D codes are often used by the government to prevent forgery. In Japan, PDF217 was used for entrance tickets to the
Nagano Olympics. It is widely used for driver's licenses or ID cards in U.S. as it can code facial portrait to ensure high
security. It is also widely used for passports, ID cards, insurance cards or customs forms in Southeast Asia, the Middle
and Near East, Africa and South America to prevent forgery.

4. Sorting or tracking deliveries


QR code, Maxi Code (Typical)
2D codes are used for automatic sorting at high speed or tracking deliveries in distribution systems. In this field, not
information but speed is important. Maxi Code and QR code satisfy this condition.

5. Medical use
PDF417 (Typical)
"Guideline for the new code designation of ethical drugs" specifies to describe product codes, expiration dates,
production numbers, and quantities of special bio-based products, and injection drugs. For example, with respect to
tablets and capsules, such information is printed on a PTP sheet or a bottle that contains individual packages. For
injectable drugs, printing is performed on each dosage package (a minimum dosage package unit by which a
manufacturer produces and sells) such as an ampoule or a vial or on each commercial package (a minimum package
unit by which a wholesaler sells to medical agencies, etc.).
When printing on a dosage package or a commercial package which has a narrow space for printing a code, a
composite symbol is used. Within the composite symbol, a production code is printed using GS1DataBar and
variable information such as a production number expiration date, or quantity is printed with MicroPDF417.

7
Memo

8
Chapter 2
What is QR code?

2-1 Structure of QR code .............................................................. 10


2-2 Specifications of QR code ...................................................... 13

9
Chapter 2 What is QR code?

2 -1 Structure of QR code

QR code (Quick response code) is a matrix 2D code for high-speed reading developed by DENSO WAVE in 1994. It
was registered to the ITS standard of the AIMI in 1997 and to ISO/IEC standards in 2000.
In addition, Micro QR code was standardized as JIS-X-0510 in 2004.

• Specifications of QR code
The smallest element (black or white square) of the QR code is called “a module”. A QR code is composed of a
combination of black and white modules, position detection patterns, timing patterns, format
information that contains error correction level and mask numbers, data area and error correction code
(Reed-Solomon code).

Specifications
Smallest symbol size 21 x 21 modules
Largest symbol size 177 x 177 modules
Numeric: 7089 characters
Maximum data capacity Alphanumeric: 4296 characters
Kanji: 1817 characters

• Position detection patterns


The position detection patterns are arranged at three corners of the QR codes. (Micro QR has one.) The position of
QR code is detected with the position detection patterns that allow high-speed reading.
From any position of A, B and C, the rate of black and white modules is 1:1:3:1:1 to specify the rotation angle/
displacement of the code.
It can be read from any direction, which significantly improves work efficiency.

Position detection pattern


B A
C
1 1 3 1 1

B
A 1 1 3 1 1

1 1 3 1 1

10
Chapter 2 What is QR code?

• Alignment pattern
The alignment pattern is used for position detection when there is displacement of modules due to distortion. It is
applied to model 2.

Alignment pattern

• Margin
The margin is a blank area around the QR code. Model 1 and 2 require a margin of four modules and Micro QR code
requires of two modules.
Margin

• Timing pattern
White and black modules are alternately arranged to determine the coordinate.

Timing pattern

• Format information
It contains the error correction rate and mask pattern of the code. The format information is read first when the code
is decoded.

Format information

11
Chapter 2 What is QR code?

• Error-correcting code (Reed-Solomon code)


Reed-Solomon code is applied to restore the data when a part of QR code is missing or damaged. The restoration
rate varies on 4 different error correcting levels.

Damaged area to
Error correcting level
entire code size
L 7%
M 15%
Q 25%
Spot Stain Data missing H 30%

• Arrangement of error-correcting code


Data and error correcting code are arranged as shown below. (Sample: Version 2 of Model 2 with level M) A mask is
applied to the code to prevent the same pattern with the position detection pattern from appearing.

Data (D1~)
Error correcting code (E1~)

12
Chapter 2 What is QR code?

2 -2 Specifications of QR code

QR codes are classified into Model 1, Model 2 and Micro QR. They have different features and data capacities.
“Version” indicates the size (number of modules) of a QR code. A larger version contains greater data. (The actual size
of the code increases as well.)
The standard version is 21 x 21 modules (MicroQR has 11 x 11 modules), and as version increases, 4 modules
(2 modules for MicroQR) are added on each side.

Model 1
Model 1 is the prototype of Model 2 and Micro QR. 1 to 14 versions Maximum data capacity
are registered to the AIMI standard. Numeric: 1167 characters
Alphanumeric: 707 characters
Binary: 468 bytes
Kanji: 299 characters
• When a version increases, 4 modules are
added to the code in both the X and Y
directions.

Model 2
Model 2 has an alignment pattern for better position adjustment and Maximum data capacity
contains greater data than Model 1. 1 to 40 versions are registered to Numeric: 7089 characters
the AIMI standard. The version 40 can contain up to 7089 numeric Alphanumeric: 4296 characters
characters. Binary: 2953 bytes
Kanji: 1817 characters
• When a version increases, 4 modules are
added to the code in both the X and Y
directions.
Alignment pattern

25
21
e
cr eas
a in
Dat

21 25
Version 1 Version 2

Micro QR
Micro QR has only one position detection pattern to reduce the size Maximum data capacity
so that it can be printed on minute components such as printed Numeric: 35 characters
circuit boards. The least numbers of modules are 11 x 11. Micro QR Alphanumeric: 21 characters
codes offer a space-saving alternative to linear barcodes for Binary: 15 bytes
applications where 35 characters or less are acceptable. Kanji: 9 characters
• When a version increases, 2 modules are
added to the code in both the X and Y
directions.
as e 13
in c r e 11
Dat a

11 13
Version 1 Version 2

13
Chapter 2 What is QR code?

How to determine the QR code size


The size of QR code is determined by the version and the size of a module.

• Determine the version


Select a version according to data contents, character type and error
correction rate. Determine the version.
See page 15 for maximum number of input characters.

• Determine the module size


Determine the module size considering the resolution of the printer, Determine the module size.
and the performance of the scanner.

• The QR code size is determined


The actual size of QR code is determined by multiplying the number
of modules by the printable size of
The code size is determined.
module. Add margins to determine the required space for the QR
code. Model 1 and 2 require 4 modules and MicroQR requires 2
modules as margin on each side.

When the module size is 0.25mm (0.01”),

the sizes of QR code are:


5.25 x 5.25 mm (0.21” x 0.21”) for version 1 (21 x 21)
8.25 x 8.25 mm (0.32” x 0.32”) for version 4 (33 x 33)

required spaces including margins are:


7.25 x 7.25 mm (0.29” x 0.29”) for version 1 (29 x 29)
10.25 x 10.25 mm (0.40” x 0.40”) for version 4 (41 x 41)

14
Chapter 2 What is QR code?

Data capacity of each version

❚ Model 2
Version Numeric Alphanumeric Binary Kanji
(module
numbers) L M Q H L M Q H L M Q H L M Q H
1 (21) 41 34 27 17 25 20 16 10 17 14 11 7 10 8 7 4
2 (25) 77 63 48 34 47 38 29 20 32 26 20 14 20 16 12 8
3 (29) 127 101 77 58 77 61 47 35 53 42 32 24 32 26 20 15
4 (33) 187 149 111 82 114 90 67 50 78 62 46 34 48 38 28 21
5 (37) 255 202 144 106 154 122 87 64 106 84 60 44 65 52 37 27
6 (41) 322 255 178 139 195 154 108 84 134 106 74 58 82 65 45 36
7 (45) 370 293 207 154 224 178 125 93 154 122 86 64 95 75 53 39
8 (49) 461 365 259 202 279 221 157 122 192 152 108 84 118 93 66 52
9 (53) 552 432 312 235 335 262 189 143 230 180 130 98 141 111 80 60
10 (57) 652 513 364 288 395 311 221 174 271 213 151 119 167 131 93 74
11 (61) 772 604 427 331 468 366 259 200 321 251 177 137 198 155 109 85
12 (65) 883 691 489 374 535 419 296 227 367 287 203 155 226 177 125 96
13 (69) 1022 796 580 427 619 483 352 259 425 331 241 177 262 204 149 109
14 (73) 1101 871 621 468 667 528 376 283 458 362 258 194 282 223 159 120
15 (77) 1250 991 703 530 758 600 426 321 520 412 292 220 320 254 180 136
16 (81) 1408 1082 775 602 854 656 470 365 586 450 322 250 361 277 198 154
17 (85) 1548 1212 876 674 938 734 531 408 644 504 364 280 397 310 224 173
18 (89) 1725 1346 948 746 1046 816 574 452 718 560 394 310 442 345 243 191
19 (93) 1903 1500 1063 813 1153 909 644 493 792 624 442 338 488 384 272 208
20 (97) 2061 1600 1159 919 1249 970 702 557 858 666 482 382 528 410 297 235
21 (101) 2232 1708 1224 969 1352 1035 742 587 929 711 509 403 572 438 314 248
22 (105) 2409 1872 1358 1056 1460 1134 823 640 1003 779 565 439 618 480 348 270

❚ Micro QR
Version Error correcting Numeric Alphanumeric Binary Kanji
M1 (11) Error detection 5 - - -
L 10 6 - -
M2 (13)
M 8 5 - -
L 23 14 9 6
M3 (15)
M 18 11 7 4
L 35 21 15 9
M4 (17) M 30 18 13 8
Q 21 13 9 5

Note
Each number of characters in the table above is the maximum number of characters that can be entered.
However, a version(module number) becomes larger depending on the data component (e.g. a combination of
figures and symbols or a combination of upper and lower case alphabetic characters), even when the data
contains less characters than indicated in the table above.

15
Memo

16
Chapter 3
What is Data Matrix code?

3-1 Structure of Data Matrix code.............................................. 18


3-2 Structure of Data Matrix code (ECC200) ........................ 19
3-3 Specifications of Data Matrix code.................................. 21
3-4 GS1 Data Matrix ...................................................................... 23

17
Chapter 3 What is Data Matrix code?

3 -1 Structure of Data Matrix code

Data Matrix code is a matrix 2D code that was developed by ID Matrix in 1987. It was registered to the ISS standard of
AIMI in 1996 and the ISO/IEC standard in 2000.

Specifications
Minimum size 10 x 10 modules
Maximum size 144 x 144 modules
Numeric: 3116 characters
Maximum data capacity
Alphanumeric: 2335 characters

Older versions of Data Matrix code include ECC000, ECC050, ECC080, ECC100 and ECC140. ECC200 is the latest version
of Data Matrix code and can be square or rectangular in configuration.

• ECC000, ECC050, ECC080, ECC100, ECC140


These are composed of odd-numbered modules from 9 x 9 to 49 x 49 using convolution correction.
Since a slight distortion disturbs reading when the data is large, the older versions are almost never used.

• ECC200
ECC200 has upgraded error correction capacity to eliminate distortion problems.
It uses Reed-Solomon for error correction that restores data when a part of a code is damaged.
ECC200 is internationally standardized. Generally ECC200 version is used when Data Matrix code is required.

The difference between the older versions (ECC000, ECC050, ECC080, ECC100, ECC140) and the new
version (ECC200) is the number of modules per side. Older versions have odd-numbered modules and the new
version has even-numbered modules.

ECC140 ECC200

18
Chapter 3 What is Data Matrix code?

3 -2 Structure of Data Matrix code (ECC200)

• Alignment pattern and clock pattern


The data area of Data Matrix code is surrounded by an L-shaped frame called the alignment pattern and dotted lines
called the clock pattern. Readers capture these patterns to determine the position of the code with image
processing. Thus, Data Matrix code can be read from any direction.
Clock pattern

Alignment pattern

When there are more than 24 x 24 modules, the code is divided in blocks that do not exceed 24 modules on a side.
This structure prevents distortion of the code.

• Code size and number of blocks


There are twenty-four code sizes, ranging from 10 x 10 modules to 144 x 144 modules (including six sizes for the
rectangular type).
When a code has more than 26 x 26 modules (more than 24 x 24 modules for data ), it is divided in blocks , as seen
below, that do not exceed 24 modules on a side. This structure prevents distortion of the code.

Symbol size Block Data cell


10×10 to 26×26 1 8×8 to 24×24
28×28 to 52×52 4 14×14 to 24×24
64×64 to 104×104 16 14×14 to 24×24
120×120 to 144×144 36 18×18 to 22×22

19
Chapter 3 What is Data Matrix code?

• Margin
The margin around a Data Matrix code should be larger than a module.

Margin

• Error correcting code (Reed-Solomon code)


The Reed-Solomon code restores the data when a part of the Data Matrix code is damaged.

• Arrangement of data and error correcting code


Data and error correcting codes are arranged as shown below.

3
4
2
5
1
1
6
8
7
7 3
4

For converting “YSK” into a Data Matrix code: YSK are coded and error correcting codes are calculated as below and
arranged in a square.

Original data :

Code (hex) :

Coded data Error correcting code

20
Chapter 3 What is Data Matrix code?

3 -3 Specifications of Data Matrix code

Data Matrix code (ECC200) has two configurations, square and rectangular, and always contains an even number of
cells.

❚ Square type

Specifications for square type Data Matrix (ECC200)


Minimum size 10 x 10 modules
Maximum size 144 x 144 modules
Numeric 3116 characters
Maximum data
Alphanumeric: 2335 characters
capacity
Binary: 1556 characters

There are twenty-four symbol sizes ranging from 10 x 10 modules to 144 x 144 modules. When there are more than
24 x 24 modules, the code is divided in blocks that do not exceed 24 modules on a side. This structure prevents
distortion of the code.

❚ Rectangular type

Specifications for Rectangular type Data Matrix (ECC200)


Minimum size 8 x 16 modules
Maximum size 16 x 48 modules
Numeric 98 characters
Maximum data
Alphanumeric: 72 characters
capacity
Binary: 47 characters

There are following six sizes for a rectangular type.


• 8 x 18 modules (1 block) • 8 x 32 modules (2 blocks)
• 12 x 26 modules (1 block) • 12 x 36 modules (2 blocks)
• 16 x 36 modules (1 block) • 16 x 48 modules (2 blocks)

Note
In Data Matrix code, the error correction rate is automatically determined by the symbol size and data capacity.
Unlike QR code, it cannot be freely specified.

21
Chapter 3 What is Data Matrix code?

• How to determine the Data Matrix code size


The actual size of the Data Matrix code is determined by multiplying the symbol size by the printable size of the
module.

When the size of the module is 0.25 mm (0.01”),


Symbol size: 10 x 10 modules = 2.5 x 2.5 mm (0.10” x 0.10”)
Symbol size: 32 x 32 modules = 8.0 x 8.0 mm (0.32” x 0.32”)
Symbol size: 8 x 18 modules = 2.0 x 4.5 mm (0.08” x 0.18”)

• Data capacity of each symbol size


❚ Square type
Data capacity
Module numbers Error correcting rate
Numeric Alphanumeric Binary
10 x 10 6 3 1 25%
12 x 12 10 6 3 25%
14 x 14 16 10 6 28 to 39%
16 x 16 24 16 10 25 to 38%
18 x 18 36 25 16 22 to 34%
20 x 20 44 31 20 23 to 38%
22 x 22 60 43 28 20 to 34%
24 x 24 72 52 34 20 to 35%
26 x 26 88 64 42 19 to 35%
32 x 32 124 91 60 18 to 34%
36 x 36 172 127 84 16 to 30%
40 x 40 228 169 112 15 to 28%
44 x 44 288 214 142 14 to 27%
48 x 48 348 259 172 14 to 27%
52 x 52 408 304 202 15 to 27%
64 x 64 560 418 278 14 to 27%
72 x 72 736 550 366 14 to 26%
80 x 80 912 682 454 15 to 28%
88 x 88 1152 862 574 14 to 27%
96 x 96 1392 1042 694 14 to 27%
104 x 104 1632 1222 814 15 to 28%
120 x 120 2100 1573 1048 14 to 27%
132 x 132 2608 1954 1302 14 to 26%
144 x 144 3116 2335 1556 14 to 27%

❚ Rectangular type
Data capacity
Module numbers Error correcting rate
Numeric Alphanumeric Binary
8 x 18 10 6 3 25%
8 x 32 20 13 8 24%
12 x 26 32 22 14 23 to 37%
12 x 36 44 31 20 23 to 38%
16 x 36 64 46 30 21 to 38%
16 x 48 98 72 47 18 to 33%

Note
Each number of characters in the table above is the maximum number of characters that can be entered.
However, a symbol size becomes larger depending on the data component (e.g. a combination of figures and
symbols or a combination of upper and lower case alphabetic characters), even when the data contains less
characters than indicated in the table above.

22
Chapter 3 What is Data Matrix code?

3 -4 GS1 DataMatrix

GS1 Data Matrix is a 2D code symbol that was standardized by GS1 for distribution. It is based on the ECC200
Standard and defines the the following rules in order to differentiate from conventional Data Matrix code.

• Major contents of GS1 Data Matrix code


Code used DataMatrix ECC200
FNC1 [FNC1] is placed at the top of the data in order to define it as GS1's standard
specifications.
Application identifier (AI) An identifying code that is added to the beginning of the data strip to define what
kind of information follows this identifying code. Application identifiers (AI) are
specified by ISO/IEC.
Variable length data When entering data in which the amount of information changes (variable-length
data) such as a quantity, insert [FNC1] as a separator after the variable-length data.
This [FNC1] is specified to output [GS] (1Dh in ASCII code) when read by a code
reader.
* [GS]: Group separator

• Print size for a GS1 module


GS1 recommends the following sizes for a module when printing GS1 Data Matrix code.

Recommended module size Maximum module size Minimum module size


Printing on a label 0.300mm 0.615mm 0.255mm
DPM 0.380mm 0.495mm 0.380mm

• Sample of GS1 Data Matrix code

Element AI Data
GTIN (14 fixed digits) 01 04912345678904
Quantity (variable length) 30 100
Sell-by date 17 120401

• Relation to GS1-128
GS1 Data Matrix code has the same data structure as that of GS1-128. Thus, it likely will be used when it is necessary
to deal with large amounts of data despite the fact that print area is limited. In addition, GS1 Data Matrix code will be
standardized in the medical industry. Since codes are to be directly printed on steel medical instruments, such as
surgical knifes and scissors, the guidelines have been established.

* Steel medical instrument: An instrument that is produced with such materials as stainless, aluminum, copper alloy,
titanium, or ceramics, and is reused in medical procedures and surgeries.

23
Memo

24
Chapter 4
Other 2D codes

25
Chapter 4 Other 2D codes

4 -1 Other 2D codes

■ PDF417

[Application]
PDF417 is used for motor vehicle licenses in Arizona and Pennsylvania, and vehicle ID labels in New Zealand. In the
Philippines, it is attached to passports and used for immigration control.

Specifications
Horizontal: 1 to 90 rows
Size
Vertical: 3 to 90 lines
Numeric: 2725 characters
Maximum data capacity Alphanumeric: 1850 characters
Kanji: 554 characters

■ MaxiCode

[Application]
MaxiCode is developed by the biggest delivery company in the world, UPS. It is used for sorting or tracking
deliveries.

Specifications
Size (fixed) W 28.14 mm (1.11”) x H 26.65 mm (1.05”)
Maximum data capacity Alphanumeric: 93 characters

■ VeriCode

[Application]
VeriCode is often used for controlling glass substrates or contact lenses.

Specifications
Minimum size 10 x 10 modules
Maximum size 48 x 48 modules
Numeric: 392 characters
Maximum data capacity Alphanumeric: 261 characters
Kanji: 112 characters

26
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