 Neelam Darji 9112

 Animesh Dubey 9114

 Premal Gangar 9116
 Harshal Ghanekar 9118
 Vinod Gupta 9120
 The overall profile or combination of characteristics that capture
the unique nature of a person as that person reacts and interacts
with others.
 Combines a set of physical and mental characteristics that
reflect how a person looks, thinks, acts, and feels.
Predictable relationships are expected between people’s
personalities and their behaviors.
 Personality refers to the set of traits & behaviors that
characterize an individual.

 It refers to the relatively stable pattern of behavior &

consistent internal state & explains an individual’s
behavioral tendencies.

 Personality has both internal (thoughts, values & genetic

characteristics that is inferred from observable behaviors)
& external (observable behaviors) elements.

 Personality of an individual is relatively stable in nature.

 Personality is both inherited as well as it can be shaped

by the environment.
 Law of Behavior: “People are different”

 To ensure high performing employees in an

organization.

 To manage workforce diversity.

 Summarizing person’s behaviors & attitudes in

relation to a wide range of events.

 Personality consists of characteristics or traits that

describe how people are likely to behave in a given
situation.
 Personality is useful in predicting & understanding
the general feelings, thoughts and behaviors of
individuals at the workplace.

 Contribution of various personality theories.

 Determinants of
Personality

Heredity Environment

Nature: It advocates that

Part of personality finds its Nature: It advocates that
Origins in biology (heredity) Part of personality finds its
Origins in biology (heredity)

Situational
 Heredity sets the limits on the development of personality
characteristics.

 Environment determines development within these limits.

 About a 50-50 heredity-environment split.

 Cultural values and norms play a substantial role in the

development of personality.

 Social factors include family life, religion, and many kinds of

formal and informal groups.

 Situational factors reflect the opportunities or constraints

imposed by the operational context.
 Enduring characteristics that describe an individual’s
behavior.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

The Big Five Model

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
A personality test that taps four characteristics and
classifies people into 1 of 16 personality types.

Personality Types
• Extroverted vs. Introverted (E or I)
• Sensing vs. Intuitive (S or N)
• Thinking vs. Feeling (T or F)
• Judging vs. Perceiving (P or J)
 Extroverted vs. Introverted

Extroverted individuals are outgoing, sociable, and assertive. Introverts are quiet
and shy.

 Sensitive vs. Intuitive

Sensing types are practical and prefer routine and order. They focus on details.
Intuitive rely on unconscious processes and look at the “big picture”.

 Thinking vs. Feeling

Thinking types uses reason and logic to handle problems. Feelings types rely on
their personal values and emotions.

 Judging vs. Perceiving

Judging types want control, and prefer their world to be ordered and structured.
Perceiving types are flexible and spontaneous.
Personality Structure (The “Big Five” Traits)
Characteristics of a person
Dimension
Scoring +vely on the dimension

Extroversion Outgoing, Talkative, Sociable,

Assertive

Trusting, good natured,

Agreeableness
Cooperative, softhearted

Dependable, responsible,
Conscientiousness
Achievement-oriented

Emotional Stability Relaxed, Secure, Unworried

Openness to Sensitive, Intellectual,

Experience Imaginative, Broadminded 4–13
 Major Personality Attributes Influencing OB

Achievement orientation
Authoritative

Self Esteem
Locus of
Personality Traits
Control

Risk taking

Machiavellianism

Self-Monitoring

Introverts/
Extroverts

Type A & B
Locus of Control
The degree to which people believe they
are masters of their own fate.

Internals
Individuals who believe that they
control what happens to them.

Externals
Individuals who believe that
what happens to them is
controlled by outside forces
such as luck or chance.
Degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains
emotional distance, and believes that ends justify
means.

“If it works, use it” is consistent with a high-Mach

perspective.

Conditions Favoring High Machs

• Direct interaction
• Minimal rules and regulations
• Distracting emotions
 People with a high-Machiavellian personality:

-- Approach situations logically and thoughtfully.

-- Are capable of lying to achieve personal goals.

-- Are rarely swayed by loyalty, friendships, past

promises, or others’ opinions.

-- Are skilled at influencing others.

-- Try to exploit loosely structured situations.

-- Perform in a perfunctory or detached manner in

highly structured situations.
 People with a low-Machiavellian personality:

-- Accept direction imposed by others in loosely

structured situations.

-- Work hard to do well in highly structured

situations.

-- Are strongly guided by ethical considerations.

-- Are unlikely to lie or cheat.

Self-Esteem (SE)
Individuals’ degree of liking
or disliking themselves.

Self-Monitoring
A personality trait that measures
an individuals ability to adjust
his or her behavior to
external, situational factors.
 High Risk-taking Managers
 Make quicker decisions
 Use less information to make decisions
 Operate in smaller and more entrepreneurial
organizations
 Low Risk-taking Managers
 Are slower to make decisions
 Require more information before making decisions
 Exist in larger organizations with stable environments
Personality Types
Type A’s
1. are always moving, walking, and eating rapidly;
2. feel impatient with the rate at which most events take place;
3. strive to think or do two or more things at once;
4. cannot cope with leisure time;
5. are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in
terms of how many or how much of everything they acquire.

Type B’s
1. never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its
accompanying impatience;
2. feel no need to display or discuss either their achievements
or accomplishments;
3. play for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit their
superiority at any cost;
4. can relax without guilt.
Proactive Personality
Identifies opportunities,
shows initiative, takes
action, and perseveres
until meaningful change
occurs.
Creates positive change
in the environment,
regardless or even in
spite of constraints or
obstacles.
 Personality-Job Fit
Theory (Holland)
Personality Types
Identifies six personality
types and proposes that • Realistic
the fit between personality • Investigative
type and occupational
• Social
environment determines
satisfaction and turnover. • Conventional
• Enterprising
Person-Organization Fit • Artistic
4–26