Structure-V

OSANBASHI YOKOHAMA
INTERNATIONAL PASSENGER TERMINAL

Dhwani Badani A 0213

Jalpa Bhatt B 3513
The port of Yokohama is located on the northwestern

edge of Tokyo Bay.Theterminal has been designed to merge

with the landscape of the city’s harbor and serve as a public
space.

• Architects: Foreign Office Architects (FOA)

• Location: Osanbashi Pier

• Area: 48000.0 sqm

• Support structure: frame construction

• Roof construction: pitched roof

• Support structure material :

steel/ aluminum ,wood.

• Facade material:

Metal ,glass , steel, toughened glass.

• Roof material: wood

Instead of providing the specialized and isolated routes

that are normally found in terminals, the circulation
system consists of a series of interlocking paths, designed
to increase opportunities for exchanges between
individuals and present them with choices.

Some routes lead directly to the ships while others lead to

the roof plaza or the multipurpose hall, or to the customs and immigration halls via the parking
area when it is being used for public events rather than passenger handling.A traditional
Japanese culture “origami” is adopted to the building structural design.
View from outside:

View from sea

Terminal-view at night

View from road

Floor plans:

Ground floor plan

First floor plan

Roof floor plan

 The terminal was designed with a long span structure in steel which would
both perform much better against the lateral movements of an earthquake
and be more ductile, thus able to be bent or deformed without resulting in
complete breakage or failure.

Section
Terminal use:
The open and flexible
terminal floor is used for pop-
up concerts, markets, fashion
shows, and book fairs.
The roof plaza is used for
gatherings, car- shows, beer
festivals, New Year fireworks
parties, weddings, and outdoor
concerts.
The parking is used for a flea
market.
At a number of locations on
the roof plaza the clustering of
affects of enclosure and
openness often inspire
members of the public to just
sit there and make drawings.
The strength of the project
is its sensitive relationship with
the urban waterfront. The
Terminal is open 24 hours to
welcome non-passenger
visitors.
There are open public spaces in
Terminal at roof plaza. local
public use it in many ways.
there are no restriction there.
Open public spaces :
Circulation diagram:

The circulation path set out bifurcations which show the continuity in
various branch along the system. With the characteristic, FOA decide to make
the building as thin as possible.

Structure, Material and Finishes:

 The terminal is constructed as a long-span,arched steel structure. It is a
flexible, column-free space with a seamless transition between the interior
and the exterior. To further enhance the continuity between interior and
exterior, only three material finishes are used throughout the entire building.

So for the structure, circulation, mechanical services and material finishes,

the terminal transmits the affects of flatness , openness, axiality and efficiency
in the parking areas; arching, pleating, diagonality , asymmetry and
purposefulness in the terminal floor; and undulation, smoothness, landscape,
valley , mountain, and perambulation in the plaza.

The height of the building is designed to allow passengers to comfortably

get on and off vessels, but at the same time it float on the horizon ,not to
interrupt the view of the Port. The rooftop is gently curved as if it was
symbolizing rolling waves.. The floors of the second floor and rooftop are
finished with wood to give a feeling of a ships deck.
 The wood used here is a Brazilian wood called Ipe, which has excellent
strength and durability as well as a specific gravity greater than that of water.
The rooftop also has natural grass lawns. This way, the Terminal is designed to
serve as a working pier as well as an enjoyable and relaxing park-like public
facility for Yokohama residents.

The building has no stairs to create a barrier-free environment. So visitors

can move comfortably between the two levels using ramps and elevators.
Ramps built along the girders serve both as the structural frame and
passageways.
 The glass-walled elevators are operated hydraulically. The first floor is for
parking approximately 400 standard-sized passenger cars, including 28 spaces
that can accommodate coaches.

All secondary system that are applied to the steel topography, mainly
wood-deck flooring system, glazing system and fencing/handrail system use a
single detail along the length of the building and only vary to explore the
geometrical variation across spaces.

The building is steel framed, consisting of main beams (girders) on the two
sides and a triangular pyramid (folded plates) system to support the roof and
floors. Wood, steel and glass constitute the Terminal.
 Structural system is made of folded steel plates and concrete girders to
supports the building. The strength of the materials minimizes the need for
vertical supports and allows for a mostly open floor plan, while the height of
the structure allows for a spectacular variety of ceiling conditions in the
interior spaces

Each plate is assumed to act as a beam in its own plane. This assumption
is justified when the ratio of span ‘length’ of the plate to its height ‘width’ is
large enough. Large unevenness of girder and middle one of fold plate and
the small one of surface plate looks interesting
 The roof is supported by steel folded plates that span 70 m building
width. The folded plate are supported at each end by box or U-shaped steel
girders , which appear they are also folded .The interior space is therefore
highly textured, just like a work of origami. The changing depths of the folds
respond to the changing needs of bending strength across the building , such
as maximum depth at mid span.

Two slopes on the girders go up and down together, creating the main
structure supporting the fold plates in between them. Then the structure got
not to take three-dimensional force flow, but the first priority was both of
girder and fold plate could be regarded as "thing created by bending the
steel plate".
Construction:
Architects made use of construction techniques closely related to ship
building industry, and similar to those used for the realization of the Media
Centre.

Starting off with “a folding floor structure also forms the mechanism to
transfer stress” and consequently needed no beams or columns, constant
technical development during the planning process eventually lead to a
construction, where complexly folded steel plates, resting on two lines of box
girders, would form self supporting skins throughout the building.
 The whole terminal was planned as one single overall structure, in which
no expansion joints would be used, but which would be assembled in site
mainly by welding or riveting together prefabricated steel units.

As the terminal lies next to the waterfront, pre-assembled parts could be

produced at a large scale and be delivered by means of sea transportation.
This enabled a short and cost effective construction process, as elements of
adequate size could be prefabricated.
Assembly:

Following the normal ship construction procedure, after prefabrication

the single parts of the vessel are electronically welded together directly on the
slipway, from which the ship will be launched directly into the sea later at a
point near to completion.

Before being finally connected, every part is temporarily stitch-welded to

the already existing adjacent parts of the structure to fix it in its position and
to check for tight fitting, as maximum construction tolerances in shipbuilding
are extremely low.
 This is done by welding aluminium cross-bracings on the elements. If they
can be fitted together seamlessly the final welding process begins. If
refinement should be required, parts can be easily brought back to the
assembly facilities.
 The terminal won several international awards after its completion,
including the 2004 Enric Miralles Prize, and brought enormous recognition to
FOA, Zaera-Polo, and Moussavi. It also completely challenged the limited role of
traditional public infrastructure projects, creating a new precedent of
technological innovation and urban integration that many have since tried to
match.

Conclusion:

 A unique structural system made of folded steel plates and concrete

girders supports the building.
 The strength of the materials minimizes the need for vertical supports
and allows for a mostly open floor plan.
 The height of the structure allows for a spectacular variety of ceiling
conditions in the interior spaces.
 The structural scheme is especially adept at coping with the lateral forces
of seismic movements, a necessary precondition of buildings of its size in
Japan.