1. How do you connect EME to Abinitio Server?

2. What does dependency analysis mean in Ab Initio?

Ans: Dependency analysis will answer the questions regarding datalinage.That is

where does the data come from,what applications prodeuce and depend on this data
etc. We can retrieve the maximum (surrogate key) from the existing data,the by using
scan or next_in_sequence/reformat we can generate further sequence for new records.

3. How to create repository in abinitio for stand alone system(LOCAL NT)?

Ans: If you are trying to install the Ab -Initio on stand alone machine , then it is not
necessary to create the repository , While installing It creates automatically for you
under abinitio folder ( where you installing the Ab-Initio) If you are still not clear
please ask your Question on the same portal .

4. What is the difference between rollup and scan?

Ans: By using rollup we cant generate cumulative summary records for that we will be
using scan.

5. How can i run the 2 GUI merge files?

Ans:Do you mean by merging Gui map files in WR.If so, by merging GUI map files in
GUI map editor it wont create corresponding test script.without testscript you cant run
a file.So it is impossible to run a file by merging 2 GUI map files.

6. Describe how you would ensure that database object definitions (Tables,
Indices, Constraints, Triggers, Users, Logins, Connection Options, and
Server Options etc) are consistent and repeatable between multiple
database instances (i.e.: a test and production copy of a database).

Ans: Take an entire database backup and restore it in different instance. Take a
statistics of all valid and invalid objects and match.Periodically refresh.

7. Describe the “Grant/Revoke” DDL facility and how it is implemented?

Ans: Basically,This is a part of D.B.A responsibilities GRANT means permissions for

example GRANT CREATE TABLE ,CREATE VIEW AND MANY MORE .
REVOKE means cancel the grant (permissions).So,Grant or Revoke both commands
depend upon D.B.A.

8. Explain the difference between the “truncate” and "delete" commands?

ans: Truncate :- It is a DDL command, used to delete tables or clusters. Since it is a

DDL command hence it is auto commit and Rollback can't be performed. It is faster
than delete.

Delete:- It is DML command, generally used to delete a record, clusters or tables.

Rollback command can be performed , in order to retrieve the earlier deleted things.
To make deleted things permanently, "commit" command should be used.

8. When running a stored procedure definition script how would you

guarantee the definition could be "rolled back" in the event of problems?

ans: There are quite a few factors that determines the approach such as what type of
version control are used, what is the size of the change, what is the impact of the
change, is it a new procedure or replacing an existing and so on.

If it is a new, then just drop the wrong one

if it is a replacement then how big is the change and what will be the possible impact,
depending upon you can have the entire database backed up or just create a script for
your original procedure before messing it up or you just do an ed and change the file
back to original and reapply. you may rename the old procedure as old and then work
on new and so on.
few issues to keep in mind are synonyms, dependancies, grants, any job calling the
procedure at the time of change and so on. In nutshell, scenario can be varied and
solution also can be varied.

10. Describe the process steps you would perform when defragmenting a data
table. This table contains mission critical data.

Ans: There are several ways to do this:

1) We can move the table in the same or other tablespace and rebuild all the indexes
on the table.
alter table <table_name> move <tablespace_name> this activity reclaims the
defragmented space in the table
analyze table table_name compute statistics to capture the updated statistics.

2)Reorg could be done by taking a dump of the table, truncate the table and import
the dump back into the table.

11. Describe the elements you would review to ensure multiple scheduled
"batch" jobs do not "collide" with each other.?

ans: Because every job depend upon another job for example if you first job result is
successfull then another job will execute otherwise your job doesn't work.

12. When using multiple DML statements to perform a single unit of work, is it
preferable to use implicit or explicit transactions, and why?

Ans: Because implicit is using for internal processing and explicit is using for user open
data requied.

13. How would you find out whether a SQL query is using the indices you
expect?

ans: Explain plan can be reviewed to check the execution plan of the query. This
would guide if the expected indexes are used or not.

14. What is a cursor? Within a cursor, how would you update fields on the
row just fetched?

Ans: The oracle engine uses work areas for internal processing in order to the execute
sql statement is called cursor.There are two types of cursors like Implecit cursor and
Explicit cursor.Implicit cursor is using for internal processing and Explicit cursor is
using for user open for data required.

15. What are Cartesian joins?

Ans: Cartesian join will get you a Cartesian product. A Cartesian join is when you join
every row of one table to every row of another table. You can also get one by joining
every row of a table to every row of itself.

16. What are primary keys and foreign keys?

Ans: In RDBMS the relationship between the two tables is represented as Primary key
and foreign key relationship.Wheras the primary key table is the parent table and
foreignkey table is the child table.The criteria for both the tables is there should be a
matching column.
17. Have you used rollup component? Describe how.

Ans: If the user wants to group the records on particular field values then rollup is
best way to do that. Rollup is a multi-stage transform function and it contains the
following mandatory functions.
1. initialise
2. rollup
3. finalise
Also need to declare one temporary variable if you want to get counts of a particular
group.

For each of the group, first it does call the initialise function once, followed by rollup
function calls for each of the records in the group and finally calls the finalise function
once at the end of last rollup call.

18. Have you worked with packages?

Ans: Packages are nothing but the reusable blocks of objects like transforms, user
defined functions, dmls etc. These packages are to be included in the transform where
you use them. For example, consider a user defined function like

/*string_trim.xfr*/

out::trim(input_string)=

begin

let string(35) trimmed_string = string_lrtrim(input_string);

out::trimmed_string;

end

Now, the above xfr can be included in the transform where you call the above function
as

include ''~/xfr/string_trim.xfr'';

But this should be included ABOVE your transform function.

For more details see the help file in "packages".

19. Explain what is lookup?

ans: Lookup is basically a specific dataset which is keyed. This can be used to mapping
values as per the data present in a particular file (serial/multi file). The dataset can be
static as well dynamic ( in case the lookup file is being generated in previous phase
and used as lookup file in current phase). Sometimes, hash-joins can be replaced by
using reformat and lookup if one of the input to the join contains less number of
records with slim record length.

AbInitio has built-in functions to retrieve values using the key for the lookup.

20. How to handle if DML changes dynamically in abinitio

ans: If the DML changes dynamically then both dml and xfr has to be passed as graph
level parameter during the runtime.

21. How many components in your most complicated graph?

ans: This is a tricky question, number of component in a graph has nothing to do with
the level of knowledge a person has. On the contrary, a proper standardized and
modular parametric approach will reduce the number of components to a very few. In
a well thought modular and parametric design, mostly the graphs will have 3/4
components, which will be doing a particular task and will then call another sets of
graphs to do the next and so on. This way total numbers of distinct graphs will
drastically come down, support and maintenance will be much more simplified.
The bottomline is, there are lot more other things to plan rather than to add
components.

22. What is the difference between look-up file and look-up, with a relevant
example?

Ans: A lookup is a component of abinitio graph where we can store data and retrieve it
by using a key parameter.
A lookup file is the physical file where the data for the lookup is stored.

23. Do you know what a local lookup is?

ans: Lookup File consists of data records which can be held in main memory. This
makes the transform function to retrieve the records much faster than retirving from
disk. It allows the transform component to process the data records of multiple files
fastly.

24. How do you add default rules in transformer?

ans: Double click on the transform parameter of parameter tab page of component
properties, it will open transform editor. In the transform editor click on the Edit menu
and then select Add Default Rules from the dropdown. It will show two options - 1)
Match Names 2) Wildcard.

25. What are kinds of layouts does ab initio supports

ans: Basically there are serial and parallel layouts supported by AbInitio. A graph can
have both at the same time. The parallel one depends on the degree of data
parallelism. If the multi-file system is 4-way parallel then a component in a graph can
run 4 way parallel if the layout is defined such as it's same as the degree of
parallelism.

26. What is the use of aggregation when we have rollup as we know rollup
component in abinitio is used to summirize group of data record. then where
we will use aggregation ?

ans: Aggregation and Rollup both can summerise the data but rollup is much more
convenient to use. In order to understand how a particular summerisation being rollup
is much more explanatory compared to aggregate. Rollup can do some other
functionalities like input and output filtering of records.

27. What is the relation between EME , GDE and Co-operating system ?

ans: EME is said as enterprise metdata env, GDE as graphical devlopment env and Co-
operating sytem can be said as asbinitio server relation b/w this CO-OP, EME AND GDE
is as fallows
Co operating system is the Abinitio Server. this co-op is installed on perticular O.S
platform that is called NATIVE O.S .comming to the EME, its i just as repository in
informatica , its hold the metadata,trnsformations,db config files source and targets
informations. comming to GDE its is end user envirinment where we can devlop the
graphs(mapping just like in informatica)

desinger uses the GDE and designs the graphs and save to the EME or Sand box it is
at user side.where EME is ast server side.
28. How to retrive data from database to source in that case whice
componenet is used for this?

ans; To unload (retrive) Data from the database DB2, Informix, or Oracle we have
components like Input Table and Unload DB Table by using these two components we
can unload data from the database.

29. What are the contineous components in Abinitio?

ans: Contineous components used to create graphs,that produce useful output file
while running continously
Ex:- Contineous rollup,Contineous update,batch subscribe

30. Which one is faster for processing fixed length dmls or delimited dmls and
why ?

ans: Fixed length DML's are faster because it will directly read the data of that length
without any comparisons but in delimited one,s every character is to be compared and
hence delays

31. How will you test a dbc file from command prompt ??

ans: try "m_db test myfile.dbc"

32. What is mean by Co > Operating system and why it is special for Ab-
initio ?

ans: It converts the AbInitio specific code into the format, which the UNIX/Windows
can understand and feeds it to the native operating system, which carries out the task.

33. What is the latest version that is available in Ab-initio?

Ans: The latest version of GDE ism1.15 AND Co>operating system is 2.14

34. What is AB_LOCAL expression where do you use it in ab-initio?

ans: ablocal_expr is a parameter of itable component of Ab Initio.ABLOCAL() is

replaced by the contents of ablocal_expr.Which we can make use in parallel
unloads.There are two forms of AB_LOCAL() construct, one with no arguments and one
with single argument as a table name(driving table).

The use of AB_LOCAL() construct is in Some complex SQL statements contain

grammar that is not recognized by the Ab Initio parser when unloading in parallel. You
can use the ABLOCAL() construct in this case to prevent the Input Table component
from parsing the SQL (it will get passed through to the database). It also specifies
which table to use for the parallel clause.
35. How do you convert 4-way MFS to 8-way mfs?
Ans: To convert 4 way to 8 way partition we need to change the layout in the
partioning component. There will be seperate parameters for each and every type of
partioning eg. AI_MFS_HOME, AI_MFS_MEDIUM_HOME, AI_MFS_WIDE_HOME etc.

The appropriate parameter need to be selected in the component layout for the type of
partioning..
36. What is $mpjret? Where it is used in ab-initio?

ans: You can use $mpjret in endscript like

if 0 -eq($mpjret)
then

echo "success"

else

mailx -s "[graphname] failed" mailid

36. How Does MAXCORE works?

Ans: Maxcore is a value (it will be in Kb).Whne ever a component is executed it will
take that much memeory we specified for execution

37. What is the Difference between DML Expression and XFR Expression ?

ans: The main difference b/w dml & xfr is that

DML represent format of the metadata.

XFR represent the tranform functions.which will contain business rules

38. What are the different versions and releases of ABinitio (GDE and Co-op
version)

ans: For GDE 1.10, 1.11, 1.12, 1.13, and 1.15 is latest one. For Co-Op latest one is
2.14.

39. How to run the graph without GDE?

Ans: In RUN ==> Deploy >> As script , it create a .bat file at ur host directory ,and
then run .bat file from Command prompt

40. What are differences between different GDE

versions(1.10,1.11,1.12,1.13and 1.15)?
What are differences between different versions of Co-op?

ans: 1.10 is a non key version and rest are key versions.
There are lot of components added and revised at following versions.

41. Can anyone give me an exaple of realtime start script in the graph?

Ans: Here is a simple example to use a start script in a graph:

In start script lets give as:

export $DT=`date '+%m%d%y'`

Now this variable DT will have today's date before the graph is run.

Now somewhere in the graph transform we can use this variable as;

out.process_dt::$DT;

which provides the value from the shell.

42. What is the syntax of m_dump command?

ans: The genaral syntax is "m_dump metadata data [action] "

43. What is the importance of EME in abinitio?

Ans: EME is a repository in Ab Inition and it used for checkin and checkout for graphs
also maintains graph version.

44. What is m_dump

m_dump command prints the data in a formatted way.

m_dump <dml> <file.dat>

46. what is BRODCASTING and REPLICATE ?

ans: Broadcast - Takes data from multiple inputs, combines it and sends it to all the
output ports.

Eg - You have 2 incoming flows (This can be data parallelism or component

parallelism) on Broadcast component, one with 10 records & other with 20 records.
Then on all the outgoing flows (it can be any number of flows) will have 10 + 20 = 30
records

Replicate - It replicates the data for a particular partition and send it out to multiple
out ports of the component, but maintains the partition integrity.

Eg - Your incoming flow to replicate has a data parallelism level of 2. with one partition
having 10 recs & other one having 20 recs. Now suppose you have 3 output flos from
replicate. Then each flow will have 2 data partitions with 10 & 20 records respectively.

37. What is skew and skew measurement?

Ans: skew is the mesaureof data flow to each partation .

suppose i/p is comming from 4 files and size is 1 gb

1 gb= ( 100mb+200mb+300mb+5oomb)

1000mb/4= 250 mb

(100- 250 )/500= --> -150/500 == cal ur self it wil come in -ve value.

calclu for 200,500,300.

+ve value of skew is allways desriable.

skew is a indericet measure of graph.

38. what is local and formal parameter?

Ans: Two are graph level parameters but in local you need to initialize the value at the
time of declaration where as globle no need to initialize the data it will promt at the
time of running the graph for that parameter.

39. What is driving port? When do you use it?

Ans: When you set the sorted-input parameter of "JOIN" component to "In memory:
Input need not be sorted", you can find the driving port. Generally driving port use to
improve performance in a graph.

The driving input is the largest input. All other inputs are read into memory.

For example, suppose the largest input to be joined is on the in1 port. Specify a port
number of 1 as the value of the driving parameter. The component reads all other
inputs to the join — for example, in0, and in2 — into memory.
Default is 0, which specifies that the driving input is on port in0.

Join also improves performance by loading all records from all inputs except the
driving input into main memory.

40. How to get DML using Utilities in UNIX?

Ans: If your source is a cobol copybook, then we have a command in unix which
generates the required in Ab Initio. here it is:

cobol-to-dml.

41. What is semi-join

ans: In abinitio,there are 3 types of join...

1.inner join. 2.outer join and 3.semi join.

for inner join 'record_requiredn' parameter is true for all in ports.

for outer join it is false for all the in ports.

if u want the semi join u put 'record_requiredn' as true for the required component and
false for other components..

42. How would you do performance tuning for already built graph ? Can you
let me know some examples?

Ans: example :- suppose sort is used in fornt of merge component its no use of using
sort ! bcz we hv sort component built in merge.

2) we use lookup instead of JOIN,Merge Componenet.

3) suppose we wnt to join the data comming from 2 files and we dnt wnt dupliates we
will use union funtion instead of adding addtional component for duplicate remover.

43. How to do we run sequences of jobs ,,like output of A JOB is Input to B

How do we co-ordinate the jobs?

Ans: By writing the wrapper scripts we can control the sequence of execution of more
than one job.

44. What is the difference between .dbc and .cfg file?

Ans: .cfg file is for the remote connection and .dbc is for connecting the database.

.cfg contains :

1. The name of the remote machine

2. The username/pwd to be used while connecting to the db.

3. The location of the operating system on the remote machine.

4. The connection method.

and .dbc file contains the information:

1. The database name

2. Database version

3. Userid/pwd

4. Database character set and some more...

45. Sift links to MFS files on Unix for Ab Initio ? what is this ....
2) $pound what is this
3) $? what for it is used
4) types of loading
5 overwrite when it used ?

ans: Link is a command where in unix we use for when the original file is deleted when
we create a link the other replaces file exists.

Example: ln file 1 file2

$# Total number of positional parameters.

$? exit status of the last executed command

types of loading are conventional loading and direct loading

Override not overwrite it is used in join, assign keys alternate key

In join it is used hen input need not be sorted.

46. How to find the number of arguments defined in graph?

Ans: $# - No of positional parameters

$? - the exit status of the last executed command.

47. Difference between conventional loading and direct loading ? when it is

used in real time .?

ans: Conventional Load:

Before loading the data, all the Table constraints will be checked against the data.
Direct load:(Faster Loading)
All the Constraints will be disabled. Data will be loaded directly.Later the data will be
checked against the table constraints and the bad data won't be indexed.
Api conventional loading
utility direct loading.

48. can anyone tell me what happens when the graph run? i.e The Co-
operating System will be at the host, We are running the graph at some other
place. How the Co-operating System interprets with Native OS?

ans: when ever you press Run button on your GDE,the GDE genarates a script
and the genarated script will be transfered to your host which is specified in to your
GDE run settings. then the Co>operating system interprets this script and executes
the script on different mechins(if required) as a sub process(threads),after compleation
of each sub process,these sub_processes will return status code to main process this
main process in tern returns error or sucess code of the job to GDE

49. How to work with parameterized graphs?

Ans: One of the main purpose of the parameterized graphs is that if we need to run
the same graph for n number of times for different files, we set up the graph
parameters like $INPUT_FILE, $OUTPUT_FILE etc and we supply the values for these in
the Edit>parameters.These parameters are substituted during the run time. we can set
different types of parameters like positional, keyword, local etc.
The idea here is, instead of maintaining different versions of the same graph, we can
maintain one version for different files.

50. What are the most commonly used components in a Abinition graph?
can anybody give me a practical example of a trasformation of data, say
customer data in a credit card company into meaningful output based on
business rules?

Ans: The most commonly used components in to any Ab Initio project are
input file/output file
input table/output table
lookup file
reformat,gather,join,runsql,join with db,compress components,sort,trash,partition by
expression,partition by key ,concatinate

51. How to Improve Performance of graphs in Ab initio?Give some examples

or tips.?

Ans: There are somany ways to improve the performance of the graphs in Abinitio.

I have few points from my side.

1.Use MFS system using Partion by Round by robin.

2.If needed use lookup local than lookup when there is a large data.
3.Takeout unnecessary components like filter by exp instead provide them in
reformat/Join/Rollup.
4.Use gather instead of concatenate.
5.Tune Max_core for Optional performance.
6.Try to avoid more phases.

52. How to Schedule Graphs in AbInitio, like workflow Schedule in

Informatica? And where we must is Unix shell scripting in AbInitio?

ans: As like in Informatica, the scheduling cannot be completely done in Ab Initio. In

the Ab Initio GDE versions 2.14.X there is a Plan>It which replaced DTM plans.
Through Plan>It plans we can have different methods to have pre and post process
and also triggers. there are sepearte method to carry out particular process on success
and failure of the graphs.As concerned to my knowledge, the scheduling of these plans
are done thru the cron job only.

53. What r the Graph parameter?

ans: There are 2 types of graph parameters in AbInitio

1. local parameter
2. Formal parameters.(those parameters working at runtime)

54. Explain the differences between api and utility mode?

Ans: API and UTILITY are the two possible interfaces to connect to the databases to
perform certain user specific tasks. These interfaces allows the user to access or use
certain functions (provided by the database vendor) to perform operation on the
databases.The functionality of each of these interfaces depends on the databases.

API has more flexibility but often considered as a slower process as compared to
UTILITY mode. Well the trade off is their performance and usage.

55. Can anyone please explain the environment varaibles with example.?

ans; Environemental variables server as global variables in unix envrionment. They

are used for passing on values from a shell/ process to another.
They are inherited by Abinitio as sandbox variables/ graph parameters like
AI_SORT_MAX_CORE
AI_HOME
AI_SERIAL
AI_MFS etc.
To know what all variables exist, in your unix shell, find out the naming convention
and type a command like "env | grep AI". This will provide you a list of all the
variables set in the shell. You can refer to the graph parameters/ components to see
how these variables are used inside Abinitio.

56. What is the difference between sandbox and EME, can we perform checkin
and checkout through sandbox/ Can anybody explain checkin and checkout?

Ans; Sandboxes are work areas used to develop, test or run code associated with a
given project. Only one version of the code can be held within the sandbox at any
time.
The EME Datastore contains all versions of the code that have been checked into it. A
particular sandbox is associated with only one Project where as a Project can be
checked out to a number of sandboxes

57. How can we test the abintio manually and automation?

ans: i hope abinitio testing is to be carried manually only no automation is available as

of now.we need to integrate the graphs n also run them manually n carry on the
process.thats it.

58. Can we load multiple files?

Ans: Load multiple files from my perspective means writing into more than one file at
a time. If this is the same case with you, Ab initio provides a component called Write
Multiplefiles (in dataset Component group) which can write multiple files at a time. But
the files which are to be written must be local files i.e., they should reside in your local
PC. For more information on this component read in help file.

59. What is data mapping and data modelling?

Ans; Data mapping deals with the transformation of the extracted data at FIELD level
i.e. the transformation of the source field to target field is specified by the mapping
defined on the target field. The data mapping is specified during the cleansing of the
data to be loaded.

For Example:
source;

string(35) name = "Siva Krishna ";

target;

string("01") nm=NULL("");/*(maximum length is string(35))*/

Then we can have a mapping like:

Straight move.Trim the leading or trailing spaces.

The above mapping specifies the transformation of the field nm.

60. What do you mean by .profile in Abinitio and what does it contains?

Ans: .profile is a file which gets executed automatically when that particular user
logging in.
you can change your .profile file to include any commands that you want to execute
whenever u logging in.you can even put commands in your .profile file that overrides
settings made in /etc/profile(this file is set up by the system adminiastrator).

you can set the following in your .profile......

- Environment settings
- aliases
- path variables
- name and size of your history file
- primary and secondary command prompts..

61. What is .abinitiorc and What it contain?

ans: .abinitiorc is the config file for ab initio. It is found in user's home directory.
Generally it is used to contain abinitio home path, different log in information like id
encrypted password login method for hosts where the graph connects in time of
execution.
It may contain inf like EME host and others.

62. How to execute the graph from start to end stages? Tell me and how to
run graph in non-Abinitio system?

Ans: There are so many ways to do this, i am giving one example due to time
constraint you can run components according to phasea how you defined.
by creating ksh, sh scripts also you can run.

63. For data parallelism, we can use partition components. For component
parallelism, we can use replicate component. Like this which component(s)
can we use for pipeline parallelism?

ans: When connected sequence of components of the same branch of graph execute
concurrently is called pipeline parallelism. Componets like reformat where we
distribute input flow to multiple o/p flow using output index depending on some
selection criteria and process those o/p flows simultaneosly creates pipeline
parallelism.

But components like sort where entire i/p must be read befor a single record is writen
to o/p can not achieve pipeline parallelism.

64. There are 2 tables, Employee and Department. There are few records in
employee table, for which, the department is not assigned. The output of the
query should contain all th employees names and their corresponding
departments, if the department is assigned otherwise employee names and
null value in the place department name. What is the query?
Ans: Use an ouer join to get your query.
Select E.ENAME, D.DNAME

from Employee E, Dept D

where D.DEPTNO (+)= E.DEPTNO

65. What is the function you would use to transfer a string into a decimal?

Ans: For converting a string to a decimal we need to typecast it using the following
syntax,
out.decimal_field :: ( decimal( size_of_decimal ) ) string_field;
The above statement converts the string to decimal and populates it to the decimal
field in output.

____________________

66. How many parallelisms are in Abinitio? Please give a definition of each.?
Ans: TYPES OF PARALLELISM—

There are 3 types of parallelism in ab-initio.

1) Data Parallelism: Data is processed at the different servers at the same time.
2) Pipeline parallelism: In this the records are processed in pipeline, i.e. the
components do not have to wait for all the records to be processed. The records that
got processed are passed to next component in pipeline.
3) Component Parallelism: In this two or more components process the records in
parallel.

Component parallelism:- A graph with multiple processes running simultaneously on

separate data uses component parallelism.

Data parallelism :- A graph that deals with data divided into segments and operates on
each segment simultaneously uses data parallelism. Nearly all commercial data
processing tasks can use data parallelism. To support this form of parallelism, Ab Initio
provides Partition components to segment data, and Departition components to merge
segmented data back together .

Pipeline parallelism :- A graph with multiple components running simultaneously on

the same data uses pipeline parallelism. Each component in the pipeline continuously
reads from upstream components, processes data, and writes to downstream
components. Since a downstream component can process records previously written

by an upstream component, both components can operate in parallel. NOTE: To limit

the number of components running simultaneously, set phases in the graph.

68. What is the difference between a DB config and a CFG file?

Ans; A .dbc file has the information required for Ab Initio to connect to the database
to extract or load tables or views. While .CFG file is the table configuration file created
by db_config while using components like Load DB Table.

69. Have you eveer encountered an error called 'depth not equal'? (This
occurs when you extensively create graphs it is a trick question)

ans: When two components are linked together if their layout doesnot match then this
problem can occur during the compilation of the graph. A solution to this problem
would be to use a partitioning component in between if there was change in layout.

70. How do you truncate a table? (Each candidate would say only 1 of the
several ways to do this.)
ans: There are many ways to do it.
1. Probably the easiest way is to use Truncate Table
2. Run Sql or update table can be used to do the same thing
3. Run Program

71. What is the difference between partitioning with key and round robin?

Ans: PARTITION BY KEY:

In this, we have to specify the key based on which the partition will occur. Since it is
key based it results in very well balanced data. It is useful for key dependent
parallelism.

PARTITION BY ROUND ROBIN:In this, the records are partitioned in sequential way,
distributing data evenly in blocksize chunks across the output partition. It is not key
based and results in well balanced data especially with blocksize of 1. It is useful for
record independent parallelism.

72. What is a ramp limit?

Ans: The ramp and limit are the variables that are used to set the reject tolerance for
a particular graph. The graph stops the execution of the graph when the no of rejected
records exceeds the following formula.

limit + (ramp * no_of_records_processed).

The default value will be set to 0.0.

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