Thesis Defense Presentation

Introduction
Experimental approach
Partial Wave Analysis
Resonances in Partial Wave Analysis
Analysis using PAWIAN(PANDA)
Partial Wave Analysis as a tool for Central

Exclusive Production Studies with ALICE
Deniz Mostarac
Stephan Meyer Institute
June 4, 2018
Deniz Mostarac PWA as a tool for CEP Studies with ALICE 1 / 28

Introduction
Table of contents
1 Introduction
2 Experimental approach
3 Partial Wave Analysis
Simulation study: f2 (1270) → π + π −
4 Resonances in Partial Wave Analysis
Breit-Wigner parametrisation
K-Matrix
5 Analysis using PAWIAN(PANDA)
Analysis: pp̄ → f2 π 0 → π + π − π 0
pp mode implementation in to PAWIAN

Introduction
As a part of the ALICE (CERN)

collaboration , we analyse p-p
collision data.
Focus on a type of hadronic
diffraction ( 20% of the total σ of
≈ 100mb) in the soft regime (≈
1fm), namely Central Exclusive
Production (CEP).
A diffractive event is defined as
reaction in which no quantum First order Regge theory
numbers are exchangeds, and a prediction, include
large, non-exponentially Reggeon-Reggeon,
suppressed, rapidity gap is present Reggeon-Pomeron and
in the final state. Double-Pomeron exchange.

Introduction
Motivation for Regge theory:

Meson exchange violates unitarity for states J ≥ 1 (Froissart-Martin
theorem.)
Cannot extend amplitude for a finite s, such that they are defined on a
region where t or u can become arbitrarily large.
Base assumption of Regge theory:

one can extend partial wave amplitudes to complex values of angular
momenta.
we claim that the interpolating function has exclusively isolated

singularities in the complex l plane.
amplitudes holomorphic for a certain l such that <(l) ≥ L.
interpolating function converges to zero as |l| goes to ∞.

Introduction
Generally, one can write a partial wave expansion in terms of the Regge
(dominant) trajectory:
t α(s)
A(s, t) ∼ −β(s)
sin(πα(s))
where the partial wave amplitudes behave in the vicinity of a Regge pole
as:
0
β(t) β(t0 )/α
A(l, t) ∼ ≈−
l − α(t) t − t0 + i=(α(t0 ))/α0
In the asymptotic t region the dominant contribution to the amplitude is

the leading singularly in the crossed s channel.

Introduction
A Pomeron is a color singlet state of gluons and has vacuum quantum

numbers (P = C = +1).
Due to Pomeron exchange, centrally produced X states are limited to
(even)++ states. All of this leaves DPE as an attractive production
mechanism to pseudo-scalar mesons and glueballs in the mass range
below ≈ 2GeV /c 2 .

Introduction
200
TPC dE /dx (arb. units)

180 K p d
Pb-Pb sNN = 2.76 TeV
160
140
120
100
e
80
60
40 π
20
0.2 0.3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 20
p (GeV/c)
To select events* detectors V0, FMD, and (since run 2) AD are

used as veto detectors. Together they cover pseudo-rapidity (η)
range from -7 to +6.3.
The ITS together with the TPC allow to identify charged particles
and measure their momenta in a pseudo-rapidity range of -0.9 to
+0.9.
Introduction
Large rapidity gaps are

1
exponentially suppressed in
dN/d∆η
pp s = 14TeV
Pythia 8.210 - MBR
10−1 ND Evts
non-diffractive events, the 10−2 Diffractive Evts

CEP Evts
10−3
double gap topology effectively −4
10
minimizes the non diffrative 10−5
component. 10−6
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
∆η
PYTHIA 8 simulations of the

rapidity-gap distribution

Introduction
Partial Wave Analysis Simulation study: f2 (1270) → π + π −
Our approach is to expand the amplitudes in a basis of spherical

functions. Differential crossection given is such a way, encodes the
angular intensities for a ∆M∆t kinematical range.
X
I (θ)λλ0 = AJM
λs λt (θ, φ)ρMM 0 Aλ 0 λJM 0 ∗ (θ, φ)
s t0
M,M 0 ,λs ,λs 0 ,λt ,λt 0
j −im α j 0
AJM J J∗
λs λt = NJ Fλs λt DMλ (θ, φ) ; Dm0 m (α, β, γ) = e dm0 m (β)e −imγ
For a particle with spin J there are 2J + 1 projections to the

quantisation axis, leading to a matrix ρMM 0 of rank 2J + 1 which is
usually diagonal.

Introduction
Due to the quantum numbers (f2 initial state has

I G (J PC ) = 0+ (2++ ), while the pions are I G (J PC ) = 1− (0−+ )),
intrinsic parity of the f2 is even and l = 2, while the total s spin is
zero, resulting in λ = 0 and J = 2. This amounts to us having only
one amplitude, namely:
A2M 2 2∗
00 (θ, φ) = N2 F00 DM0 (θ, φ)
d−20 (θ)e −2iφ
 2 
 d 2 (θ)e −iφ 
 −10 
2  2 (θ)
= N2 F00  d00



 d102 (θ)e iφ 
2 (θ)e 2iφ
d20

Introduction
(a) (b) (c)

Figure: Figure 1 shows a superposion of EvtGen simualted θ(blue) distribution
against theoretical values (d-Wigner function(red) and the Jacobian).

Introduction
K-Matrix
Resonance properties can be represented by a Breit-Wigner

parametrisation. However, this parametrisation violates the unitary
and analyticity of the S-matrix.
The exact parametrisation and form we have implemented in our
programmes is as follows :
m0 Γ0
Ψ(m) =
m02 − m2 − imΓ(m)
where m0 is the resonance mass, Γ0 is the resonance width (lifetime) and
Γ(m) is given by:
m0 k(m) 2J+1 F (Rk(m))
Γ(m) = Γ0 ( )
m k(m0 ) F (Rk(m0 ))
where R is the interaction radius (detector specific), and k(m) is given by:
m (ma + mb )2 1/2 (ma − mb )2 1/2
k(m) = (1 − 2
) (1 − )
2 m m2
and the functions F are the spin dependant Blatt-Weisskopf form factors.
Introduction
K-Matrix
Additional degrees of freedom are the production phase for the wave
l (mass independent) and a scaling constant factor.
Only the phase difference can contain physical information
=(Ψl1 (m)Ψ∗l2 (m))

∆Φl1 ,l2 (m) = arctan[ ]
<(Ψl1 (m)Ψ∗l2 (m))
We considered a case, were two resonances couple to the

J PC = 0++ channel.
f0 (1200, Γ0 = 100) f0 (1800, Γ0 = 100)

f0 (1350, Γ0 = 300) f0 (1500, Γ0 = 100)

Introduction
K-Matrix
(a) f0 (1200, Γ0 = (b) f0 (1350, Γ0 =

100)&f0 (1800, Γ0 = 100) 300)&f0 (1500, Γ0 = 100)
Figure: Figure 2 shows the Breit-Wigner model for the case where two
resoncances couple to J PC = 0++ channel.

Introduction
K-Matrix
(a) f0 (1200, Γ0 = (b) f0 (1350, Γ0 =

100)&f0 (1800, Γ0 = 100) 300)&f0 (1500, Γ0 = 100)
Figure: Figure 3 shows the Breit-Wigner model Argand diagram(red) for

the case where two resoncances couple to J PC = 0++ channel, against a
unit circle in the complex plane (unitarity not violated).

Introduction
K-Matrix
Lets introduce the K operator trough the folowing expression:
K −1 = T −1 + iI
where we aknowledge that the K matrix is Hermitian, and may be chosen

to be real and symmetric.
We infer that resonances should occur as a sum of poles in the
K-Matrix:
X gαi (m)gαj (m)
K̂ij = 2 √
(mα − m 2 ) ρi ρj
α
the decay couplings are given by:

2
gαi (m) = mα Γαi (m)
2 0 l
Γαi (m) = γαi Γα [Bαi (q, qα )]2 ρi

Introduction
K-Matrix
We considered a case, were two resonances couple to the

J PC = 0++ channel.
f0 (1200, Γ0 = 100) f0 (1800, Γ0 = 100)

f0 (1350, Γ0 = 300) f0 (1500, Γ0 = 100)
m1 Γ1 (m)
T =
(m2 − m2 )
(m12 − m2 ) − im1 Γ1 (m) − i 12 m2 Γ2 (m)
(m2 − m2 )
m2 Γ2 (m)
+
(m2 − m2 )
(m22 − m2 ) − im2 Γ2 (m) − i 22 m1 Γ1 (m)
(m1 − m2 )

Introduction
K-Matrix
(a) f0 (1200, Γ0 = (b) f0 (1350, Γ0 =

100)&f0 (1800, Γ0 = 100) 300)&f0 (1500, Γ0 = 100)
Figure: Figure 4 shows the Breit-Wigner model(red) and the

K-Matrix(blue) model for the case where two resoncances couple to
J PC = 0++ channel.

Introduction
K-Matrix
Consider the a0 (980), a J PC = 0++ resonance coupling to 2

chanells, ηπ nad K K̄
!
m0 Γ0 γ12 γ1 γ2
T = 2
m0 − m2 − im0 Γ0 (ρ1 γ12 + ρ2 γ22 ) γ1 γ2 γ22
We observe the normalisation condition γ12 + γ22 = 1.

Introduction
K-Matrix
2 2
(a) γηπ = 0.8 (b) γηπ = 0.2
Figure: Figure 5 shows the ηπ(blue) and the KK(red) channels for
K-Matrix mass (0.980) and width (0.080).

Introduction
K-Matrix
2 2
(a) γηπ = 0.8 (b) γηπ = 0.2
Figure: Figure 6 shows the Argand plots for ηπ(blue) and the KK(red)
channels for K-Matrix mass (0.980) and width (0.080).

Introduction
We simulate a step of the pp̄ → f2 π 0 → π + π − π 0 decay chain in the

rest frame of the mother and then boost the daughters.
The pp̄ system decay spin density matrix set to a normalized
diagonal 3 × 3 matrix.
The f2 (1270) decay spin density made such that the only surviving
2
contribution is the D00 D-Wigner function.
The base assumtions are that the pp̄ is a I G (J PC ) = 1− (0+− ) state
while the f2 (1270) is a I G (J PC ) = 0+ (2++ ) state. The two pions are
I G (J PC ) = 1− (0+ ) states. We limited the angular momentum
between the recoil pion and the f2 (1270) to L = 2.

Introduction
Since λ = λ1 − λ2 , Jpp̄ = 0 and Jf2 π0 = 2, the full amplitude is

given by:
AJM 00 00
λ1 λ2 (Ω1 , Ω2 ) = A00 (Ωf2 π 0 )A20 (Ωπ + π − )
where we note that the A00

00 (Ωf2 π 0 ) amplitude is really just a scaling
0
constant (the D00 D-Wigner function is equal to unity).
The MC data was simulated such that the pp̄ system had a flat
distribution in momentum, while the f2 (1270) was simulated such
that it had a flat distribution in mass, cos(θ) and φ.

Introduction
(a) Helicity frame (b) Gottfried-Jackson frame

Figure: Figure 7 The quality assurance for the cos(θ) distribution for π + w.r.t
f2 (1270).

Introduction
(a) Helicity frame (b) Gottfried-Jackson frame

Figure: Figure 8 The quality assurance for the φ distribution for π + w.r.t
f2 (1270).

Introduction
Figure: Figure 9 The mass fit for f2 (1270) from PAWIAN.

Introduction
Consider the following decay : pp → ppf2 (1270) → ppπ + π − .

not measuring the final states of the pp system + unpolarized beam
for the initial pp system → impossible to define a CEP process in
terms of isobars.
possible to determine the initial quantum states by knowing the
initial system and the production mechanism. An additional
hypothesis for the final states makes it possible to define the
possible helicities of the resonace.
Rather than to define a production amplitude in terms of the actual
decay, we define amplitudes for f2 (1270) to have some helicity value.
We can write the cross-section to be proportional to an incoherent
summation over the helicities of the resonance and the final state
particles:
+Jx X r
dσ X 2Jx + 1
∝ | Fλa ,λb DλJxx ∗,λa −λb (φ, θ)F¯Lx (mx )|2
dτ 4π
λx =−Jx λFS

Introduction
Thank you for your attention!

Thesis Defense Presentation

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Thesis Defense Presentation

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Introduction

Partial Wave Analysis as a tool for Central

Stephan Meyer Institute

Deniz Mostarac PWA as a tool for CEP Studies with ALICE 1 / 28

Deniz Mostarac PWA as a tool for CEP Studies with ALICE 2 / 28

As a part of the ALICE (CERN)

Deniz Mostarac PWA as a tool for CEP Studies with ALICE 3 / 28

Motivation for Regge theory:

Base assumption of Regge theory:

we claim that the interpolating function has exclusively isolated

interpolating function converges to zero as |l| goes to ∞.

Deniz Mostarac PWA as a tool for CEP Studies with ALICE 4 / 28

In the asymptotic t region the dominant contribution to the amplitude is

Deniz Mostarac PWA as a tool for CEP Studies with ALICE 5 / 28

A Pomeron is a color singlet state of gluons and has vacuum quantum

Deniz Mostarac PWA as a tool for CEP Studies with ALICE 6 / 28

TPC dE /dx (arb. units)

To select events* detectors V0, FMD, and (since run 2) AD are

Large rapidity gaps are

non-diffractive events, the 10−2 Diffractive Evts

PYTHIA 8 simulations of the

Deniz Mostarac PWA as a tool for CEP Studies with ALICE 8 / 28

Our approach is to expand the amplitudes in a basis of spherical

For a particle with spin J there are 2J + 1 projections to the

Deniz Mostarac PWA as a tool for CEP Studies with ALICE 9 / 28

Due to the quantum numbers (f2 initial state has

Deniz Mostarac PWA as a tool for CEP Studies with ALICE 10 / 28

(a) (b) (c)

Deniz Mostarac PWA as a tool for CEP Studies with ALICE 11 / 28

Resonance properties can be represented by a Breit-Wigner

=(Ψl1 (m)Ψ∗l2 (m))

We considered a case, were two resonances couple to the

f0 (1200, Γ0 = 100) f0 (1800, Γ0 = 100)

Deniz Mostarac PWA as a tool for CEP Studies with ALICE 13 / 28

(a) f0 (1200, Γ0 = (b) f0 (1350, Γ0 =

Deniz Mostarac PWA as a tool for CEP Studies with ALICE 14 / 28

(a) f0 (1200, Γ0 = (b) f0 (1350, Γ0 =

Figure: Figure 3 shows the Breit-Wigner model Argand diagram(red) for

Deniz Mostarac PWA as a tool for CEP Studies with ALICE 15 / 28

Lets introduce the K operator trough the folowing expression:

where we aknowledge that the K matrix is Hermitian, and may be chosen

the decay couplings are given by:

Deniz Mostarac PWA as a tool for CEP Studies with ALICE 16 / 28

We considered a case, were two resonances couple to the

f0 (1200, Γ0 = 100) f0 (1800, Γ0 = 100)

Deniz Mostarac PWA as a tool for CEP Studies with ALICE 17 / 28

(a) f0 (1200, Γ0 = (b) f0 (1350, Γ0 =

Figure: Figure 4 shows the Breit-Wigner model(red) and the

Deniz Mostarac PWA as a tool for CEP Studies with ALICE 18 / 28

Consider the a0 (980), a J PC = 0++ resonance coupling to 2

We observe the normalisation condition γ12 + γ22 = 1.

Deniz Mostarac PWA as a tool for CEP Studies with ALICE 19 / 28

Deniz Mostarac PWA as a tool for CEP Studies with ALICE 20 / 28

Deniz Mostarac PWA as a tool for CEP Studies with ALICE 21 / 28

We simulate a step of the pp̄ → f2 π 0 → π + π − π 0 decay chain in the

Deniz Mostarac PWA as a tool for CEP Studies with ALICE 22 / 28

Since λ = λ1 − λ2 , Jpp̄ = 0 and Jf2 π0 = 2, the full amplitude is

where we note that the A00

Deniz Mostarac PWA as a tool for CEP Studies with ALICE 23 / 28

(a) Helicity frame (b) Gottfried-Jackson frame

Deniz Mostarac PWA as a tool for CEP Studies with ALICE 24 / 28

(a) Helicity frame (b) Gottfried-Jackson frame

Deniz Mostarac PWA as a tool for CEP Studies with ALICE 25 / 28

Figure: Figure 9 The mass fit for f2 (1270) from PAWIAN.