IEEE 802.

16 & WiMAX Forum

Roland Münzner / 02-06-2005

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Standardisation Overview
IEEE 802.16
Page 2

Status of IEEE 802.16 Standardisation

IEEE 802.16-2004 (base document, FWA) published
in October 2004

IEEE 802.16-2004 /Cor1
IEEE 802.16e (amendment to IEEE 802.16-2004 to
enable mobility)
IEEE 802.16f (MIB for IEEE 16-2004) and IEEE
802.16g (Management Plane)

Jointly handled by the NetMan task group
IEEE 802.16h (Coexistence for license exempt
bands)
Emerging Study Group on Mesh and Relaying
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Standardisation Overview
WiMAX Forum Page 3

WiMAX Forum
Definition of conformance and
interoperability profiles out of the
huge amount of options in IEEE 802.16
Interoperability testing and conformance
& interoperability certification
Definition of conformance and
interoperability profiles is
still focussing on OFDM 256

Presentation Title / Date All rights reserved © 2005, Alcatel

Adaptive Antenna Technologies

Support in IEEE 802.16-2004 and IEEE 802.16e
Page 4

Support for Beamforming - Adaptive Antenna Systems (AAS)

Mature AAS support for OFDM is provided by IEEE 802.16-2004
Advanced support for OFDMA AAS is available through IEEE 802.16e
Highlights of AAS support for adaptive beamforming

Dedicated OFDMA permutations for beamforming (TUSC/PUSC, AMC)

Support of up-link beamforming through configurable training sequences

Balancing AAS ‘broadcast’ transmissions and AAS uni-cast transmissions
 Multiple (‘telescopic’) map concept  transmission of only the relevant part of the
maps for far distant subscribers at the required robustness (repetition coding)
 Enabling of dedicated scanning procedures (AAS diversity map scan)

Extensive and configurable feedback of subscriber stations (e.g. high
resolution measurements of frequency)

Support of Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA)

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 Adaptive Antenna Technologies
Support in IEEE 802.16-2004 and IEEE 802.16e
Page 5

Support for MIMO (STC, ‘Closed Loop MIMO’)

Only poor STC support is given in IEEE 802.16-2004

STC for OFDM is restricted to the 2x1 Alamouti Scheme

STC for OFDMA enables up to 4x1 transmit diversity, being however
not mature
MIMO support for OFDMA has strongly evolved in IEEE
802.16e providing for

Space time block codes (STBC)

Spatial multiplexing

Combination of beamforming with STBC through dedicated pre-
coding based on subscriber feedback (‘Closed loop MIMO’)

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Outline and Availability of Information (1)

Page 6

MAC Layer

Frame structure
 Frame Control Header (FCH) & Downlink Frame Prefix (DLFP)
 Downlink (DL) / Uplink (UL) maps
 Adaptive Antenna System (AAS) FCH & AAS DLFP, DLFP2

Feedback on Channel State Information (CSI)
 Non-AAS zones
 AAS zones
– CSI
– Beam selection
 MIMO closed loop operation

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 Outline and Availability of Information (2)
Page 7

MAC Layer (continued)

Ranging procedures
 Initial ranging
– Non-AAS zones
– AAS zones
 Periodic ranging
 Fast ranging

Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)

Hybrid-ARQ (Bozo Cesar)

ID_cell
 Definition of ‘cell’
 Attribution of ‘ID_cell’ parameter (static, dynamic)

Handover (HO) process
 Break before make

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Outline and Availability of Information (3)

Page 8

PHY Layer

Basic OFDMA PHY parameters (Jürgen Otterbach)
 Channel bandwidths & FFT sizes 
 OFDMA symbol parameters & basic subcarrier structure 
 Frame lengths 

Frame structure
 Basic data structures
– slots, data regions
– segments
– Tiles, bins
– Pilot allocations
 OFDMA data mapping
 Preamble definitions
 Duplexing modes

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 Outline and Availability of Information (4)
Page 9

PHY Layer (continued)

Frame structure (continued)
 Permutation zones of the frame structure
– Full Usage of Subchannels (FUSC)
– optional FUSC
– Partial Usage of Subchannels (PUSC)
– additional optional PUSC
– Adaptive Antenna System (AAS) diversity map scan
– Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC)
– AAS direct signalling method
– Space time coding (STC)

Subcarrier allocations

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Outline and Availability of Information (5)

PHY Layer (continued) Page 10

PHY support for initial ranging procedures

 Non-AAS ranging subchannel
 AAS ranging procedure Interleaving

Modulation and Coding
 Modulation formats
 Forward Error Correction (FEC)
– Convolutional Coding (CC)
– Block Turbo Coding (BTC)
– Convolutional Turbo Codes (CTC)
– Zero Tailed Convolutional Coding (ZT-CC)
– Low Density Parity Check Codes (LDPC)

Randomisation

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 Outline and Availability of Information (6)
Page 11
PHY Layer (continued)

Channel Quality Measurements for subscriber station CSI feedback
 Receive Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)
 Carrier-to-Interference-and-Noise Ratio (CINR)
 AAS: measurement of complex amplitude and phase

Required Accuracy
 Symbol arrival time
 Symbol clock and sample clock requirements

System Profiles

Deployments and frequency reuse patterns

Presentation Title / Date All rights reserved © 2005, Alcatel

Topics for Standard Assessment Workshop

25/08/2004
Page 12
PHY Permutations

PUSC  Peter, Joerg, (Roland)

AAS Diversity map scan  Roland, Peter, (Horst)

Subcarrier allocations

PUSC  Peter, (Roland)

MAC Frame structure  Bozo, Martin

Frame Control Header (FCH) & Downlink Frame Prefix (DLFP)

Downlink (DL) / Uplink (UL) maps

NN … to provide material for OFDMA Assessment document

NN … to be informed and ready for discussions

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 Technical Digest to IEEE 802.16-2004/16e
OFDMA

Basic OFDMA PHY parameters First Draft

ES + JO WDSL
R&I Stuttgart

All rights reserved © 2005, Alcatel

Channel bandwidths & FFT sizes

Page 14

Channel Bandwidth (profiles in 802.16-2004, §12.4)

WirelessMAN-OFDMA
 1.25, 3.5, 7, 14, 28 MHz, (8.75MHz,17.5MHz*)

WirelessHUMAN-OFDMA
 10 MHz, 20 MHz

related to profiles: 2.3-2.7, 3.3-3.7, 5.0-5.85 GHz
n sampling factor
n= 8/7 for all channels possibilities
Fs sampling frequency
Fs=floor(n * BW / 8000) * 8000
* Fs=floor(n * BW / 2000) * 2000
NFFT FFT size fix to 2048 point FFT in 802.16 REVd / D5
extended to 128, 512 and 1024 point FFT in
16e/D4

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 OFDMA basic subcarrier structure
Page 15

OFDMA TX signal based on IFFT with N subcarriers

N=2048 subcarriers with spacing ∆f => Fs = N ⋅ ∆f
channel bandwidth BW = 7 / 8 ⋅ Fs for all bands
e.g. 1703 subcarriers used for Full Usage SubChannels (FUSC)
bandwidth for 2048 subcarriers (=Fs)

used channel bandwidth (=7/8*Fs)

e.g.1703 used subcarriers (=0.83 * Fs)

incl. DC subcarrier for FUSC

e.g.173 subcarriers e.g.172 subcarriers

RF carrier
guard for FUSC guard for FUSC

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OFDMA Symbol Parameters (1)

Page 16

OFDMA symbol duration:

1 N 7⋅ N
Tb = = =
∆f Fs 8 ⋅ BW

Increase of OFDM symbol duration by Cyclic Prefix

(CP)
Cyclic prefix Tg =1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 Tb
(same set as for OFDM)
Tsym =duration
OFDMA symbol Tb + Tg

no Profiles for §8.4 OFDMA inside 16e/D5

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 OFDMA Symbol Parameters (2)
Page 17

The symbol duration presented in Annex B

(only informative part, no PROFILE)

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Frame lengths (1)

Page 18

code (N) valid for TDD and FDD

in the TDD case receive/transmit transition gap (RTG) and
transmit/receive transition gap (TTG) guard included; both
RTG and TTG shall be no less than 5 µs in duration
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 Frame lengths (2)
Page 19

Code (N) Frame Length OFDMA OFDMA OFDMA OFDMA OFDMA OFDMA OFDMA OFDMA OFDMA
_ProfP1 _ProfP2 _ProfP3 _ProfP4 _ProfP5 _ProfP6 _ProfP7 _ProfP8 _ProfP9
1.25MHz 3.5MHZ 7MHz 8.75MHz 14MHz 17.5MHz 28MHz 10MHz 20MHz
0 N/A, AAS-only
gap
1 2ms
2 2.5ms X X X X X X X
3 4ms X X X
4 5ms X X X X X X
5 8ms X X X X X
6 10ms X X
7 12.5ms X X
8 20ms X X

Source: 802.16REVd / D5, Table 412-414,Table 371-376

Presentation Title / Date All rights reserved © 2005, Alcatel

Technical Digest to IEEE 802.16-2004/16e

OFDMA

Frame Structure
JO & HH, WDSL
R&I Stuttgart

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