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Alexander Parkes
The first truly man-made thermoplastic was an invention of English scientist Alexander
Parkes. He unveiled Parkesine at the 1862 London International Exhibition. Parkesine,
an organic material that could be heated and molded but would retain its shape when
cooled, was made by dissolving cellulose nitrate, prepared by treating cotton fibers with
nitric acid, in a solvent. Unlike rubber (or Vulcanite), it could be colored or transparent
and could also be carved or molded into any shape. In 1866, four years after the
exhibition, Parkes formed the Parkesine Company; it failed after only two years due to
high production costs.

The development of thermoplastic materials having more or less elastic properties started in the early 1930s
with the invention of plasticization of poly vinyl chloride. A major breakthrough occurred with the discovery of
the basic diisocyanate polyaddition reaction in 1937, which was first applied to produce polyurethane fibers
and then to the development of some elastomeric polyurethanes at DuPont. The work at DuPont focused on
elastic fibers and led to the invention of elastic linear copolyesters, prepared by melt-ester interchange
between two melt copolymerized polymers. This synthetic elastomer had higher strength than vulcanized
natural rubber and exhibited a rapid elastic recovery. It was used to make fibers by extrusion or spinning from
solutions and can be considered to be the first thermoplastic elastomer.

The thermoplastics can be remolded & recycled without
negatively affecting the material’s physical properties , They can
soften when they heated & they become more fluid as additional
heat is applied , Thermoplastics materials have high strength ,
They are lightweight & they comes with relatively low processing
costs.
One type of the thermoplastic which is called polyester resin ,It is used
for the car bodies and the garden furniture , Another type of
thermoplastics is polymethyl methacrylate It is used for the lenses and
the windows . The keyboards & compact disc cases. Plastic bottles,
tubing, household equipment, Medical equipment, laboratory equipment,
containers with built-in hinges, 'plastic' seats, string, rope, kitchen
equipment and etc are made up of thermoplastics.

Granule Manufacturing
The most basic component of a thermoplastic is the chemical mixture that is combined to create a thermoplastic granule, which is later used
in the manufacturing process.
Granule Melting
Thermoplastics are almost all sold in packages of plastic granules. The small granules are shipped in the granule shape for transportation
and convenience when separating quantities for processing
Injection Molding
Injection molding is one way to manufacture and shape thermoplastics. Because thermoplastics are viscous in nature when heated, they
need to be set in a mold, where they are provided a shape and allowed time to cool.