International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169

Volume: 6 Issue: 6 23 - 25
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A Wideband Microstrip Antenna with EBG Structure and Superstrate

Abhishek Pandey1 Sachin Dubey2

Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur Engineering College,
Jabalpur, India Jabalpur, India
abhishek.pandey32@yahoo.com Sachinengmba06@gmail.com

Abstract: A microstrip patch antenna withEBG structure and a dielectric layer have noteworthy effect on its input characteristics and band
width. In this paper we studied both electromagnetic band-gap structure and a superstrate to increasing bandwidth of micrstrip patch antenna.
We calculated bandwidth with and without EBG to design an Antenna for resonance frequency 4GHz. And then apply superstrate in EBG
structure. This antenna simulated on Ansoft HFSS designer software,impedance bandwidth ,VSWR ,return losses & smith charts are observed
and experimentally studied .Details of simulated results are presented and discussed.
Keywords:Wideband, Superstrate layer, Microstrip antenna, Electromagnetic band-gap
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1 INTRODUCTION /Duriod 5880 with a permittivity of 2.2 and dielectric losses of

0.001. The EBG structure of proposed antenna is shown in fig (1)
Due to the increasing demand of small antennas for personal
as well as communication equipment Compact microstrip
antennas have recently received much attention . It has been
demonstrated that equilateral triangular microstrip patch can
effectively reduce the required patch size for a given operating
frequency [1]. In mobile communication system such as
satellite, RADAR, Global Position System (GPS) often require
extremely small size,light weight .Microstrip
Antenna also possess some limitations such as narrow
impedance bandwidth ,low efficiency and gain.many process
are used to overcome its limitations are reported[2]-[3].
Many techniques are uses to increase bandwidth like stacked .
patches with truncating the opposite corners [4]L-shaped fig (1):2-D design of antenna with EBG structure
probe with impedance matching network [5] but such In EBG structure mushroom like structure is implemented in
processes require large antenna height and some additional which unit cell dimensions of 2.4×2.4 mm with separation of
impedance matching network that creates some problem to 0.6 mm. the 4×4 row and column is implemented in proposed
design antenna. The EBG structure shows high impedance design.
characteristic. There are various type of EBG Next we implemented a superstrate layer of thickness 11.54
structure are proposed but mushroom type structure are mm shown in fig (2).
widely used [6] We observed that improved bandwidth is achieved by
superstrate a dielectric layer over patch antenna also a implemented superstrate layer over electromagnetic band-gap
remarkable tool to improve impedance bandwidth of structure.
microstrip antenna . However , the presence of superstrate
may affect the performance of antenna like gain and
efficiency.
In proposed paper we compare the bandwidth of equilateral
triangular patch in three condition –
(A) Patch without EBG and superstrate
(B) With EBG
(C) With EBG and superstrate.
We also discuss the details and design of proposed antenna.

2 DESIGN OF ANTENNA AND RSULTS

In proposed paper we uses an equilateral triangular patch whose
fig (2):2-D design of antenna with superstrate
dimensions’ is 27×27 mm ,and uses 2.54 mm thick Rogers RT

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IJRITCC | June 2018, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 6 Issue: 6 23 - 25
______________________________________________________________________________________
3 SIMULATED RESULTS circle that shows perfect matching of input from Fig 3.3 we
The antenna is simulated using Ansoft HFSS 11.1 which can say as frequency decreases from center frequency the
employs finite element method .The simulated results of the proposed antenna become more capacitive, and above center
return loss, VSWR , smith chart and 3-d polar plot are shown frequency it becomes inductive i.e. it radiates low power.
Ansoft Corporation Smith Plot 2 HFSSDesign1
in following figs and comparison results shown in table 1 100 90 80 Curve Info
110 1.00 70
accordingly 130
120 60
50
S(WavePort1,WavePort1)
Setup1 : Sw eep1
0.50 2.00
140 40
A. The return loss i.e. -22.0129 db as compare to -10 db 150 30

(min) from Fig 3.1 shows that the design antenna has 160 0.20 5.00 20

170 10
minimum radiation loss or and can be resonance at center
0.00 0.20 0.50 1.00 2.00 5.00
180 0
frequency of 4.0947 GHz which is significant. 0.00

-170 -10
Ansoft
NameCorporation
X Y XY Plot 5 HFSSDesign1
-0.20 -5.00
-160 -20
m10.00 4.0947 -22.0129
Curve Info
dB(S(WavePort1,WavePort1))
-150 -30
Setup1 : Sw eep1 -140 -40
-0.50 -2.00
-5.00 -130 -50
-120 -60
-1.00
dB(S(WavePort1,WavePort1))

-110 -70
-100 -90 -80

-10.00
FIG 3.3
-15.00
Smith chart with EBG and superstrate

-20.00
m1

-25.00
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00
Freq [GHz]

FIG:3.1
Measured return losses for with EBG and superstrate
B.The Percentage Impedance Bandwidth also measured
from return loss chart is wide i.e. 47.85% as compared to
simple Patch Antenna i.e. 38.62%. In patch with
electromagnetic band-gap structure and superstrate higher
frequency is 6.0563 GHz while lower frequency is 2.1377
GHz. So in this case bandwidth of 3.9186 GHz is achieved FIG-3.4 3-D polar plot
C. The Voltage standing wave ratio, is 1.17 at resonance E. 5Radiation pattern provides information which describes
frequency from Fig 3.2 tells us the design Antenna is most how an antenna directs the energy it radiates and it is
likely to have Impedance matching. so the proposed antenna determined in the far field region. The information is presented
can radiate more power, may be useful for many wireless in the form of a polar plot and 2D radiation pattern drawn with
application. the tool HFSS. Radiation pattern is measured at angles of 0 0 ,
Ansoft
NameCorporation
X Y XY Plot 3 HFSSDesign1
40.00 4.0429 1.1749
m1
Curve Info
100 ,200 and so on.Fig 3.5 depicts the radiation pattern of the
35.00
VSWR(WavePort1)
Setup1 : Sweep1
Antenna optimized with EBG and superstrate.
30.00
Ansoft Corporation Radiation Pattern 8 HFSSDesign1

0 Curve Info
VSWR(WavePort1)

25.00
-30 30 rETotal
20.00 3.20
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
2.40
15.00 -60 60 Freq='4.5GHz' Phi='0deg'
1.60
rETotal
10.00 0.80 Setup1 : LastAdaptive
5.00 -90 90 Freq='4.5GHz' Phi='10deg'
m1 rETotal
0.00
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq [GHz]
-120 120 Freq='4.5GHz' Phi='20deg'
FIG:3.2
VSWR plot with EBG and superstrate -150 150
-180
D. The Smith chart shows that the proposed antenna is
resistive at resonance frequency of 4GHz as the circle FIG-3.5
intersects the middle line near the origin i.e. it radiates more Radiation pattern
power .Input impedance curve passing near to the one unit
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IJRITCC | June 2018, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 6 Issue: 6 23 - 25
______________________________________________________________________________________
4.Comparison table: 6.References:
[1] S. R. Chowdhury and Dr. S. Basu, “Miniaturization of
Bandwidth VSWR Retur loss (db) Equilaterl Triangular Microstrip Patch Antenna using
Normal patch 38.62% 1.1009 -26.3670 [arallel Sotting Technique”, IJECT Vol.3 ,jan-march 2012
[2] Wonkyu Choi , Yong Heui Cho, Cheol –Sik Pyo and JAE- Ick
With 41.12% 1.0974 -26.6639 Choi.,“A High Gain Microstrip Patch Array Antenna Using a
EBG Superstrate Layer”, ETRI Journal ,Volume 25,No, 5, oct-
With 47.85% 1.1723 -22.0129 2003
superstrate [3] Teruhisa Nakamura,Takeshi FUKUSAKO “Broadband Design
of Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna Using EBG
Structure with Rectangular Unit Cells”, The 2009
As comparison table 1 shows bandwidth of patch antenna is International Symposium on Antenna and Propagation
increased by 2.5 % by implementing Electromagnetic band (ISPA 2009)Oct.20-23,2009,Bangkok,THAILAND
gap structure, return loss is also minimized by implementing [4] K.L. Lau and K. M. Luk, “A novel wide band circularly
electromagnetic band –gap structure.Further when we polarized patch antenna based on L- probe and aperture –
coupling techniques ”, IEEE Trans antennas propagate .,
implemented superstrate layer over electromagnetic band –
vol. 53, no. 1, jul. 2005,pp.577-580
gap structure bandwidth Is increased by 9.23% as shown in
[5] Electromagnetic Band GapStructures in
comparison table1.
AntennaEngineering,Fan Yang,University of
MississippiYahya Rahmat-Samii,University of California at
5.Conclusions:
Los Angeles,Page130-132
In this paper, design microstrip patch antenna with electromagnetic
band gap (EBG) and with superstrate has been studied.
The main impact for studying this antenna structure with
electromagnetic band gap structure and with superstrate is to increase
the impedance bandwidth of patch antenna the antenna has
successfully improved impedance bandwidth

.
..

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