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Archaeopteryx lithographica
2
ESPECIES
Pollos: Chicken
• order Galliformes
• family Phasianidae
• genus Gallus
• species domesticus
Pavos: Turkey
• order Galliformes
• family Meleagrididae
• genus Meleagris
• species gallopavo
Pato Pekin
• order Anseriformes
• family Anatidae
• genus Anas
• species platyrhynchos
3
Pato Criollo – Muscovy duck
Cairina moschata
4
ORIGEN
Pollos
• Southeast Asia
• Domesticado 2,000 a 3,000 A.C.
• Ave Selvática , Jungle Fowl (Gallus gallus)
• Red Jungle Fowl (primarily)
• Ceylon, Gray, and Green (secondarily)
Pavo
• Centro y Norte America
• 400 D.C.
• Wild Turkey ancestry (subspecies mix)
Pekin Duck
• China
• 2,000-3,000 A.C.
• Pato Mallard ancestro
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Anade Real - Mallard
Anas platyrhynchos
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7
8
9
10
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Desarrollo de la Avicultura
• Primeras Aves: Gallo Bankiva
• Grado de Desarrollo: Caza y
domesticación
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•Benefactoras del Hombre:
13
Gray Jungle Fowl
14
Green Jungle Fowl
15
Red Jungle
Fowl
16
Clases y Razas de Gallinas
AMERICAN ENGLISH
Buckeye Australorp
Chantecler (2) Cornish (4)
Delaware Dorking (3)
Dominique Orpington (4)
Holland (2) Redcap
Java (2) Sussex (3)
Jersey Giant (2)
Lamona MEDITERRANEAN
New Hampshire Andalusian
Plymouth Rock (7) Ancona (2)
Rhode Island Red (2) Catalana
Rhode Island White Leghorn (16)
Wyandotte (9) Minorca (5)
Sicilian Buttercup
ASIATIC Spanish
Brahma (3)
Cochin (9) ALL OTHER STANDARD BREEDS
Langshan (2) Game
Modern Game (9)
CONTINENTAL Old English Game (13)
French Oriental
Crèvecoeur Cubalaya (3)
Faverolle Malay (5)
Houdan (2) Phoenix (2)
La Flèche Sumatra
North European Yokohama (2)
Campine (2) Miscellaneous
Hamburg (6) Araucana (5)
Lakenvelder Frizzle (2)
Polish Naked
R. D. Crawford, ed., Poultry Breeding and Genetics, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1990Neck (4) 17
Polish (10) Sultan
Razas
Asiáticas
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Brahman Armiñada
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Brahman amarilla
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Cochinchina
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White Cochin
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Black Cochin
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Cochinchina dorada
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Partridge Cochin
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Langshan Negra
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Razas
Mediterraneas
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Ancona
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Andaluza
30
White faced Black Spanish
31
Single-Comb Black Minorca
32
Ross-Comb White Minorca
33
Single-comb Brown Leghorn 34
Brown Leghorn
35
Buff Ross-Comb Leghorn
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White Leghorn
37
Leghorn blanca (White Leghorn)
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Razas
Americanas
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Dominiques
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Columbian Wyandotte
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Silver Laced Wyandotte
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Silver Penciled Wyandotte
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Gallo Jersey Gigante Negro
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New Hampshire
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New Hampshire
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Rhode Island Red
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Rhode Island Red
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Partridge Plymouth Rock 49
Partridge Plymouth Rock
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Buff Plymouth Rock
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Plymouth Rock Barreado
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Plymouth Rock Barreado
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Plymouth Rock Blanca
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Razas
Inglesas
55
Buff Orpington
56
White Orpington
57
Black Orpington
58
Australorp
59
White Dorking
60
Silver Gray Dorking
61
Cornish Blanca
62
Black Cornish
63
Dark Cornish 64
Razas
Continentales
65
Faverolles
66
White-Crested Black Polish
67
Bearded Silver Polish
68
Crevecour
69
Silver Penciled Hamburg
70
Silver Spangled Hamburg
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Golden Penciled Hamburg
72
Otras Razas
73
Transylvania Naked Neck o
Turken
74
Silver Duckwing Game
75
Black-Breasted Red Game
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Araucana
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Huevos verdes
78
AMERAUCANAS versus ARAUCANA
Ameraucanas:
Beard and muffs
Tail
Araucanas:
Sin barbillas
Tuffs, not muffs
Sin cola
79
BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK versus DOMINIQUE
Barred Rock:
Single comb
Dominique:
Rose comb
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Caracteristicas de las Razas
Wt (lbs) Earlobe Skin Shanks Egg
Breed Cock Hen Color Color Feathered Color
American
Plymouth Rock 9.5 7.5 R Y N B
Rhode Island Red 8.5 6.5 R Y N B
Jersey Black Giant 13.0 10.0 R Y N B
New Hampshire 8.5 6.5 R Y N B
Asiatic
Brahma (Buff) 12.0 9.5 R Y Y B
Langsham (Black) 9.5 7.5 R W Y B
English
Australorp 8.5 6.5 R W N B
Cornish (Dark) 10.0 7.5 R Y N B
Mediterranean
Leghorn 6.0 4.5 W Y N W
Minorca (Black) 9.0 7.5 W W N W
Ancona 6.0 4.5 W Y N W
Andalusian (Blue) 7.0 5.5 W W N W
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SEXING YOUNG POULTRY
•Best way to tell is to wait till they grow up
Tail feathers
Comb size
Wattle size
Spur size
82
ANCESTROS DE LOS
REPRODUCTORES DE
CARNE
PLYMOUTH ROCK
CORNISH BLANCO BLANCO 83
Cromosomas Sexuales
en el Ave
• Macho homogametic (Z Z)
• Hembra heterogametica (Z -)
84
Dam
Barred Plymouth
Rock
Sire
New Hampshire
85
Sexado de Pollos con Gen Barreado
Genoytpe bB b ---
Phenotype barred non-barred
(head spot) (no head spot)
F1 Male Female
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87
WHITE EGG LAYERS
What do they have in common?
Red earlobes
89
ANCESTROS DE LOS
REPRODUCTORES
DE POSTURA
90
Sexado por color de
plumaje
91
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Sexado por velocidad de
emplume
Hembra Macho
93
Sexado por velocidad de
emplume
Hembra Macho
94
Sexado de Pollos por velocidad de
emplume
GP kk k--- KK k---
Genotype k k K ---
(Gametes)
Genotype k K k ---
96
Sex-linked Dwarf
• recesivo
• reduce tamaño corporal a
60% del normal
• reduce requqerimientos de
alimento y espacio
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Genes Enanos en Producción de Ponedoras
Genotype dw dw Dw ---
(Gametes)
Genotype dw Dw dw ---
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Genes Enanos en Broilers
Parent Male Female
Genotype Dw Dw dw ---
(Gametes)
Genotype Dw dw Dw ---
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Sexado por cloaca
Macho
Hembra
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102
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Gallo colorado
Gallo Barreado Orejilla blanca
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COMMERCIAL CHICKEN
CLASSIFICATION
EGG TYPE
•Leghorn & Leghorn crosses
•American breed crosses
MEAT TYPE
•Cornish X Plymouth Rock (original)
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Tipos de ponedoras
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107
108
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Lineas Comerciales
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113
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STRUCTURE OF THE U.S. BROILER INDUSTRY
Hatchery
Primary Breeder Waste
Broiler Hatchery
Breeder Replacement Breeders
Farms Farms
Egg Breaker
Soup & Stewing Hen
Processors Broiler
Feed Growout
Farms
Mill Processing
Animal Health Plant
Feed Additive Companies
Manufacturer
Marketing &
Rendering Distribution
Feed Ingredients
Byproduct
Manufacturing117
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STRUCTURE OF THE U.S. TABLE EGG INDUSTRY
Laying
Primary Pullet
Hen
Breeders Rearing
Farms
Farm
Spent Hen
Feed Processor Table Egg
Mill Processing
Plant
Feed Additive Egg Breaking
Manufacturers Plant
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Archaeopteryx
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